Effects of different concentrations of ethanol exposure on cellular morphology, viability and proliferation. bGCs were grown in cell culture plates under standard culture conditions until 50–60% confluence. Cells were treated with different concentrations of ethanol for 6 and 24 h. (a) Representative micrographs of GCs in different ethanol concentrations at two time points (n = 3), scale bar 200 μm. (b) The viability of GCs under different treatment conditions was determined using the trypan blue exclusion test. Cells were subjected to a staining procedure and were counted using a hemocytometer under a microscope. The bar diagrams representing the number of viable cells in percentage. (c) Cytotoxic effects of ethanol exposure were determined WST-1 kit in an ELISA reader. Data are represented as mean ± SD of three different independent experiments. Different asterisks representing the significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) where ^* = significantly different in different treatments compared with the control group and ^# = significantly different in two time points.