HDA19 affects the expression of root epidermal patterning genes. A, Expression levels of genes in 8-d-old root tips of hda19 determined via RT-qPCR. The values are shown as means ± sd (**, P < 0.01, Student’s t test). At least three biological repeats were carried out. B and C, Confocal microscopy images of the root tip (epidermal view) of WERpro:GFP (B) and GL2pro:GFP (C) expression pattern in wild-type and hda19 backgrounds. Asterisks indicate non-GL2-expressing cells in the continuous GL2-expressing files in hda19. Bars = 100 μm. D, CPCpro:GUS expression in 5-d-old root tip in wild-type and hda19 backgrounds. Asterisks indicate ectopic CPC-expressing cells in the continuous non-CPC-expressing files in hda19. Bars = 100 μm. E to G, SCMpro:GUS expression in 5-d-old seedlings (left) and root tip (right) in wild-type (E), hda19 (F), and HDA19pro:HDA19-EGFP/hda19 (G) backgrounds. Bars at left = 1 mm and bars at right = 100 μm.