atpol2a-1 AtPOLD1^RNAi has severe meiotic defects. A, Vegetative phenotypes of wild-type and mutant plants. B, Alexander Red staining of wild-type and mutant anthers. Green arrows indicate large-size pollen grains compared with the wild type. C, Tetrad-stage developing pollen from the wild type and mutants stained with Toluidine Blue. D, Histogram of tetrads and polyads in the wild type and mutants. **, P < 0.01, χ² test. E, DAPI-stained chromosomes of the wild type and mutants. Bars = 3 cm (A), 0.1 mm (B), 5 μm (C), and 5 μm (E). WT, wild type.