Male meiosis in the wild type and AtPOLD1^RNAi assessed via chromosome spreads. A to G, Chromosome phenotypes of the wild type, AtPOLD1^RNAi-1, and AtPOLD1^RNAi-2 at leptotene (A), zygotene (B), pachytene (C), diakinesis (D), metaphase I (E), anaphase I (F), and metaphase II (G). H to K, Chromosome morphologies of spo11-1-1, AtPOLD1^RNAi-1 spo11-1-1, and spo11-1-1 AtPOLD1^RNAi. Red arrows indicate incomplete synapsis, green arrows indicate abnormal association of nonhomologs, and yellow arrows indicate chromosome fragments. In C, the regions of the yellow squares (left column) are enlarged in the right column. Bars = 5 μm. WT, wild type.