Morphology of transgenic and wild-type plants. A, Wild-type plants (bottom) and GhPMEI3 transgenic lines (line 3, top; line 5, middle) are shown. B, Root areas in the wild-type and transgenic plants. C, Root lengths in the wild-type and transgenic plants. The results are shown as the means ± se, and each experiment (n = 20 for wild-type and transgenic plants) was carried out in triplicate. The asterisks indicate a significant difference from the wild type (Student’s t test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). D and E, Microscopy observations of wild-type and transgenic Arabidopsis epidermal root cells. The elongation zones are marked by black boxes. F and G, Magnification of elongation areas in D and E, respectively. The black boxes in F and G were the enlargement of the elongation zones in D and E. Scale bars, 100 μm.