Increased chlorophyll retention and up-regulation of genes encoding antioxidants in OsOTS1-OX rice. A, Representative images indicate chlorophyll retention in leaf discs from unstressed and salt (NaCl)-stressed empty vector, OsOTS1-OX, and OsOTS-RNAi transgenic plants. B, Quantification of chlorophyll content at different concentrations of salt. Relative expression of LOC_Os04g59160 (C), LOC_Os07g47990 (D), LOC_Os03g22810 (E), and LOC_Os04g48410 (F). Total RNA was prepared from the 10-d-old seedlings of the vector-only and transgenic lines and then reverse transcribed. Transcript levels were measured by qPCR with cDNA. Actin was used as an internal control. Data represent the mean values of three independent biological replicates. Error bars indicate sd. P values for differences between empty vector only and the transgenic lines: *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.001 (two-way ANOVA test).