Increases in plasma hepcidin levels over baseline values. Because baseline plasma hepcidin levels were elevated in the CKD cohort compared with HVs, the RBT-3-induced increases over these baseline values were calculated (24-h peak values − baseline values). This allowed comparison between the CKD and HV hepcidin responses. As is apparent, the HV and CKD groups manifested highly comparable hepcidin increases with each iron dose. Values are mean ± 95% confidence interval. The 240- and 360-mg RBT-3 dose induced comparable hepcidin increases, both of which were greater than those observed in the 120-mg dose groups.