Identification of sulfur-deficiency-induced genes. A, Unique and overlapping DEGs between grain developmental stages. Bar plots represent the number of DEGs that are unique to a developmental stage or common across different stages. DEGs upregulated in response to N+S− compared to N−S+ and N+S+ are represented on the left and the right, respectively. DEGs common across at least three grain developmental stages are represented in orange. B, Heatmap showing differential expression patterns of the 24 DEGs upregulated in at least three grain developmental stages in response to N+S− compared to both N−S+ and N+S+. The color scale depicts LFC values. C, Transcript levels quantified by RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR for two of the 24 selected DEGs identified in A. Data are means ± sd for n = 3 independent replicates.