Collapse and recovery in 1-ha fragments of obligate army ant–following birds (White-plumed Antbird [Pithys albifrons], Rufous-throated Antbird [Gymnopithys rufigula], and White-chinned Woodcreeper [Dendrocincla merula]; Stouffer and Bierregaard 1995a). Cecropia sciadophylla–dominated second growth developed in areas that were not burned after they were deforested. Birds returned to fragments through this second growth, but not through Vismia spp.–dominated second growth in burned areas.