Schematic electrochemical shock maps for different combinations of phase behavior and microstructure: (a) single crystal solid solution, (b) single crystal phase transformation, (c) polycrystalline solid solution and (d) polycrystalline phase transformation. Operating conditions that avoid electrochemical shock are bounded to the top and right by the solid red lines, which are determined by materials properties including Vegard coefficients, lithium diffusivity, elastic and fracture properties [156].