(a) The cubic spinel Mn₂O₄ intercalates Li at voltage plateau of about 4 V in tetrahedral sites, but redistributes Li to lower potential octahedral sites (∼3 V) once the tetrahedral sites are filled [83]. (b) The profiles of discharge curves of LiCoO₂ with different particle sizes. The steep voltage profiles for smaller crystal sizes indicates capacitor behavior becoming more dominant. (c) Expected discharge potential curve for nanocrystalline LiCoO₂. Capacitor behavior is expected for the intercalation of Li ions into the surface layers. The site energy on the surface exceeds that of the bulk, and the external energy needed for ion transfer decreases, leading to reduced potential plateaus [184].