Intra-procedural antithrombotic strategies in AF patients undergoing PCI, in relation to VKA or NOAC use. For NOACs in elective/NSTE-ACS, interruption (12–24 h in advance, based on renal function and agent) is preferred. A, aspirin; AF, atrial fibrillation; C, clopidogrel; H, heparin; NOAC, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; NSTE-ACS, non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome; O, oral anticoagulation; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.