Location of the study site on Lake Erie in northwest Ohio, USA (Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge–Magee Marsh State Wildlife Area), and of automated telemetry towers that detected Rusty Blackbirds. Towers that detected birds are represented by triangles for spring, squares for fall, and circles for both spring and fall detections. The study site where birds were captured is outlined in black within the inset map. The four towers within the study site are the “local” array; the other towers within the inset map make up the “regional” array. All other towers are part of the broader Motus Wildlife Tracking System.