Summary of therapeutic intervention on epigenetic modifications with evidence of benefit in preclinical renal injury models. Various strategies targeting epigenetic modifications have been found to attenuate renal injury in different experimental models of AKI and CKD. The figure presents a list of compounds that have been shown to be beneficial in at least one of the preclinical models shown in the figure. In addition, impaired kidney outcomes have been reported for entinostat and folic acid or rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI (not shown in the figure). me, methylation; Ac, acetylation; cr, crotonylation; VPA, valproic acid; DN, diabetic nephropathy; PKD, polycystic kidney disease; GBM, glomerular basement membrane.