Jitterplots of plasma monocyte activation biomarkers (A and B), and albumin ratios (calculated as the ratio of the CSF concentration in albumin to that in serum; C) in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and HIV-negative participants. The black lines denote medians, the red circles represent HIV-negative participants, and the green triangles represent PLWH. A color version of this figure is available online. P values were calculated using Wilcoxon rank sum test. sCD14, soluble CD14; sCD163, soluble CD163. ^aData were missing among 30 HIV-negative controls and 5 PLWH. CSF albumin concentrations were not measured in HIV-negative individuals at the study sites in London.