Phase diagrams illustrating the effects of the contrast of permeability and rigidity inside the fault zone on (a) the slip measured along the PSZ, (b) the plastic strain off the PSZ inside the surrounding damage zone, (c) the slip length along the PSZ, and (d) the ruptured area off the PSZ inside the damage zone. Effect of the rigidity contrast (the range E = 10–70 GPa; 0 < γ < 6), and the permeability contrast (the range k= 1 × 10⁻¹⁸ m² to 1 × 10⁻¹⁴ m²; 0 < γ < 10⁴).