Correspondence between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated brain injury and regions correlated with cognitive function. A, Voxel-wise analysis depicting regions of gray matter volume significantly lower in the HIV-infected group vs HIV-uninfected group (red), positively correlated with cognitive function T-scores (green) and overlap (yellow), corrected for multiple comparisons and adjusted for age, intracranial volume, and scanner. Statistical images overlaid on MNI 152 T1. There were no voxelwise associations between language T-scores and gray matter volume. B, Voxel-wise analyses depicting regions of fractional anisotropy (FA) significantly lower in the HIV-infected group vs HIV-uninfected group (red), positively correlated with cognitive function T-scores (green) and overlap (yellow), corrected for multiple comparisons and adjusted for age, intracranial volume, and scanner. Statistical images overlaid on the mean FA image. There were no voxelwise associations between language or memory T-scores and FA.