Figure 8.
Total composite flap facelift dissection as demonstrated on a 52-year-old woman. Upper and lower key masseteric ligaments, as well as zygomatic ligaments, have been fully released. At upper right are the prezygomatic space and the origin of the zygomaticus major muscle (white arrow). Orbicularis oculi fibers have been elevated with the composite flap, and are visible being retracted above zygomaticus major. Facial nerve branches are visible and are marked by black arrows. Left to right, these branches are: marginal mandibular branch, lower buccal trunk, upper buccal trunk, zygomatic branch, and zygomatic branch to orbicularis oculi (coursing over the zygomaticus major muscle).