Table 2 Open in new tab Incidence and...

	NS (n=25)	PL (n=24)	P-value
Hyperkalaemia 0 to 48 h (primary end point)
Peak potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	6.1 (0.8)	5.4 (0.9)	0.01
Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)	20/25	12/24	0.04
Mild (5.5–5.9)	5/20	6/12
Moderate (6.0–6.4)	7/20	2/12
Severe (>6.5)	8/20	4/12
Patients treated for hyperkalaemia	16	5	0.01
Treatment of hyperkalaemia^‡
Insulin/dextrose	5	5
Resonium	5	1
Haemodialysis	13	4
Calcium gluconate	0	1
Hyperkalaemia: measured during surgery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	5.1 (1.0)	4.8 (0.8)	0.36
Donation brain death patients*	5.1 (1.1)	4.8 (0.6)	0.43
Donation cardiac death patients^†	5.0 (1.0)	5.0 (0.9)	0.97
Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)	7/15	7/19
Mild (5.6–5.9)	2/7	3/7
Moderate (6.0–6.4)	3/7	4/7
Severe (>6.5)	2/7	0/7
Patients treated for hyperkalaemia with insulin, dextrose, or both	4	1	0.27
Hyperkalaemia: measured in recovery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	5.6 (1.1)	5.0 (0.9)	0.06
Donation brain death patients*	5.4 (1.0)	4.8 (0.9)	0.08
Donation cardiac death patients^†	5.9 (1.2)	5.6 (1.0)	0.57
Hyperkalaemia: measured at 24 h after surgery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	4.9 (0.6)	4.8 (0.8)	0.53
Donation brain death patients*	4.9 (0.6)	4.5 (0.6)	0.05
Donation cardiac death patients^†	4.8 (0.6)	5.5 (0.5)	0.02
Hyperkalaemia: measured at 48 h after surgery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	4.4 (0.5)	4.2 (0.6)	0.15
Donation brain death patients*	4.4 (0.5)	4.0 (0.5)	0.03
Donation cardiac death patients^†	4.4 (0.4)	4.7 (0.6)	0.38
Hyperkalaemia: 48 h to discharge
Peak potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	4.8 (4.4, 5.3)	4.6 (4.3, 5.2)	0.54
Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)	4	4	>0.99
Mild (5.5–5.9)	1	4
Moderate (6.0–6.4)	2	0
Severe (>6.5)	1	0
Patients treated for hyperkalaemia	2	0	0.49
Treatment of hyperkalaemia^‡
Insulin, dextrose, or both	2	0
Resonium	2	0
Haemodialysis	0	0
Calcium gluconate	1	0

NS (n=25)

PL (n=24)

P-value

Hyperkalaemia 0 to 48 h (primary end point)

Peak potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)

6.1 (0.8)

5.4 (0.9)

0.01

Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)

20/25

12/24

0.04

Mild (5.5–5.9)

5/20

6/12

Moderate (6.0–6.4)

7/20

2/12

Severe (>6.5)

8/20

4/12

Patients treated for hyperkalaemia

0.01

Treatment of hyperkalaemia^‡

Insulin/dextrose

Resonium

Haemodialysis

Calcium gluconate

Hyperkalaemia: measured during surgery

Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)

5.1 (1.0)

4.8 (0.8)

0.36

Donation brain death patients*

5.1 (1.1)

4.8 (0.6)

0.43

Donation cardiac death patients^†

5.0 (1.0)

5.0 (0.9)

0.97

Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)

7/15

7/19

Mild (5.6–5.9)

2/7

3/7

Moderate (6.0–6.4)

3/7

4/7

Severe (>6.5)

2/7

0/7

Patients treated for hyperkalaemia with insulin, dextrose, or both

0.27

Hyperkalaemia: measured in recovery

Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)

5.6 (1.1)

5.0 (0.9)

0.06

Donation brain death patients*

5.4 (1.0)

4.8 (0.9)

0.08

Donation cardiac death patients^†

5.9 (1.2)

5.6 (1.0)

0.57

Hyperkalaemia: measured at 24 h after surgery

Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)

4.9 (0.6)

4.8 (0.8)

0.53

Donation brain death patients*

4.9 (0.6)

4.5 (0.6)

0.05

Donation cardiac death patients^†

4.8 (0.6)

5.5 (0.5)

0.02

Hyperkalaemia: measured at 48 h after surgery

Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)

4.4 (0.5)

4.2 (0.6)

0.15

Donation brain death patients*

4.4 (0.5)

4.0 (0.5)

0.03

Donation cardiac death patients^†

4.4 (0.4)

4.7 (0.6)

0.38

Hyperkalaemia: 48 h to discharge

Peak potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)

4.8 (4.4, 5.3)

4.6 (4.3, 5.2)

0.54

Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)

>0.99

Mild (5.5–5.9)

Moderate (6.0–6.4)

Severe (>6.5)

Patients treated for hyperkalaemia

0.49

Treatment of hyperkalaemia^‡

Insulin, dextrose, or both

Resonium

Haemodialysis

Calcium gluconate

	NS (n=25)	PL (n=24)	P-value
Hyperkalaemia 0 to 48 h (primary end point)
Peak potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	6.1 (0.8)	5.4 (0.9)	0.01
Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)	20/25	12/24	0.04
Mild (5.5–5.9)	5/20	6/12
Moderate (6.0–6.4)	7/20	2/12
Severe (>6.5)	8/20	4/12
Patients treated for hyperkalaemia	16	5	0.01
Treatment of hyperkalaemia^‡
Insulin/dextrose	5	5
Resonium	5	1
Haemodialysis	13	4
Calcium gluconate	0	1
Hyperkalaemia: measured during surgery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	5.1 (1.0)	4.8 (0.8)	0.36
Donation brain death patients*	5.1 (1.1)	4.8 (0.6)	0.43
Donation cardiac death patients^†	5.0 (1.0)	5.0 (0.9)	0.97
Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)	7/15	7/19
Mild (5.6–5.9)	2/7	3/7
Moderate (6.0–6.4)	3/7	4/7
Severe (>6.5)	2/7	0/7
Patients treated for hyperkalaemia with insulin, dextrose, or both	4	1	0.27
Hyperkalaemia: measured in recovery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	5.6 (1.1)	5.0 (0.9)	0.06
Donation brain death patients*	5.4 (1.0)	4.8 (0.9)	0.08
Donation cardiac death patients^†	5.9 (1.2)	5.6 (1.0)	0.57
Hyperkalaemia: measured at 24 h after surgery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	4.9 (0.6)	4.8 (0.8)	0.53
Donation brain death patients*	4.9 (0.6)	4.5 (0.6)	0.05
Donation cardiac death patients^†	4.8 (0.6)	5.5 (0.5)	0.02
Hyperkalaemia: measured at 48 h after surgery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	4.4 (0.5)	4.2 (0.6)	0.15
Donation brain death patients*	4.4 (0.5)	4.0 (0.5)	0.03
Donation cardiac death patients^†	4.4 (0.4)	4.7 (0.6)	0.38
Hyperkalaemia: 48 h to discharge
Peak potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	4.8 (4.4, 5.3)	4.6 (4.3, 5.2)	0.54
Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)	4	4	>0.99
Mild (5.5–5.9)	1	4
Moderate (6.0–6.4)	2	0
Severe (>6.5)	1	0
Patients treated for hyperkalaemia	2	0	0.49
Treatment of hyperkalaemia^‡
Insulin, dextrose, or both	2	0
Resonium	2	0
Haemodialysis	0	0
Calcium gluconate	1	0

Table 2

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Incidence and treatment of perioperative hyperkalaemia. Normal laboratory potassium range is 3.5–5.5 mmol litre⁻¹. Values are expressed as the count, mean (sd), or median (interquartile range). *Donation after brain death: normal saline (NS) group n=17, Plasma-Lyte 148 (PL) group n=18. ^†Donation after cardiac death: NS group n=8, PL group n=6. ^‡Some patients required more than one treatment modality in management of hyperkalaemia

	NS (n=25)	PL (n=24)	P-value
Hyperkalaemia 0 to 48 h (primary end point)
Peak potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	6.1 (0.8)	5.4 (0.9)	0.01
Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)	20/25	12/24	0.04
Mild (5.5–5.9)	5/20	6/12
Moderate (6.0–6.4)	7/20	2/12
Severe (>6.5)	8/20	4/12
Patients treated for hyperkalaemia	16	5	0.01
Treatment of hyperkalaemia^‡
Insulin/dextrose	5	5
Resonium	5	1
Haemodialysis	13	4
Calcium gluconate	0	1
Hyperkalaemia: measured during surgery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	5.1 (1.0)	4.8 (0.8)	0.36
Donation brain death patients*	5.1 (1.1)	4.8 (0.6)	0.43
Donation cardiac death patients^†	5.0 (1.0)	5.0 (0.9)	0.97
Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)	7/15	7/19
Mild (5.6–5.9)	2/7	3/7
Moderate (6.0–6.4)	3/7	4/7
Severe (>6.5)	2/7	0/7
Patients treated for hyperkalaemia with insulin, dextrose, or both	4	1	0.27
Hyperkalaemia: measured in recovery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	5.6 (1.1)	5.0 (0.9)	0.06
Donation brain death patients*	5.4 (1.0)	4.8 (0.9)	0.08
Donation cardiac death patients^†	5.9 (1.2)	5.6 (1.0)	0.57
Hyperkalaemia: measured at 24 h after surgery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	4.9 (0.6)	4.8 (0.8)	0.53
Donation brain death patients*	4.9 (0.6)	4.5 (0.6)	0.05
Donation cardiac death patients^†	4.8 (0.6)	5.5 (0.5)	0.02
Hyperkalaemia: measured at 48 h after surgery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	4.4 (0.5)	4.2 (0.6)	0.15
Donation brain death patients*	4.4 (0.5)	4.0 (0.5)	0.03
Donation cardiac death patients^†	4.4 (0.4)	4.7 (0.6)	0.38
Hyperkalaemia: 48 h to discharge
Peak potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	4.8 (4.4, 5.3)	4.6 (4.3, 5.2)	0.54
Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)	4	4	>0.99
Mild (5.5–5.9)	1	4
Moderate (6.0–6.4)	2	0
Severe (>6.5)	1	0
Patients treated for hyperkalaemia	2	0	0.49
Treatment of hyperkalaemia^‡
Insulin, dextrose, or both	2	0
Resonium	2	0
Haemodialysis	0	0
Calcium gluconate	1	0

	NS (n=25)	PL (n=24)	P-value
Hyperkalaemia 0 to 48 h (primary end point)
Peak potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	6.1 (0.8)	5.4 (0.9)	0.01
Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)	20/25	12/24	0.04
Mild (5.5–5.9)	5/20	6/12
Moderate (6.0–6.4)	7/20	2/12
Severe (>6.5)	8/20	4/12
Patients treated for hyperkalaemia	16	5	0.01
Treatment of hyperkalaemia^‡
Insulin/dextrose	5	5
Resonium	5	1
Haemodialysis	13	4
Calcium gluconate	0	1
Hyperkalaemia: measured during surgery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	5.1 (1.0)	4.8 (0.8)	0.36
Donation brain death patients*	5.1 (1.1)	4.8 (0.6)	0.43
Donation cardiac death patients^†	5.0 (1.0)	5.0 (0.9)	0.97
Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)	7/15	7/19
Mild (5.6–5.9)	2/7	3/7
Moderate (6.0–6.4)	3/7	4/7
Severe (>6.5)	2/7	0/7
Patients treated for hyperkalaemia with insulin, dextrose, or both	4	1	0.27
Hyperkalaemia: measured in recovery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	5.6 (1.1)	5.0 (0.9)	0.06
Donation brain death patients*	5.4 (1.0)	4.8 (0.9)	0.08
Donation cardiac death patients^†	5.9 (1.2)	5.6 (1.0)	0.57
Hyperkalaemia: measured at 24 h after surgery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	4.9 (0.6)	4.8 (0.8)	0.53
Donation brain death patients*	4.9 (0.6)	4.5 (0.6)	0.05
Donation cardiac death patients^†	4.8 (0.6)	5.5 (0.5)	0.02
Hyperkalaemia: measured at 48 h after surgery
Mean potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	4.4 (0.5)	4.2 (0.6)	0.15
Donation brain death patients*	4.4 (0.5)	4.0 (0.5)	0.03
Donation cardiac death patients^†	4.4 (0.4)	4.7 (0.6)	0.38
Hyperkalaemia: 48 h to discharge
Peak potassium (mmol litre⁻¹)	4.8 (4.4, 5.3)	4.6 (4.3, 5.2)	0.54
Hyperkalaemia ≥5.5 (mmol litre⁻¹)	4	4	>0.99
Mild (5.5–5.9)	1	4
Moderate (6.0–6.4)	2	0
Severe (>6.5)	1	0
Patients treated for hyperkalaemia	2	0	0.49
Treatment of hyperkalaemia^‡
Insulin, dextrose, or both	2	0
Resonium	2	0
Haemodialysis	0	0
Calcium gluconate	1	0

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