Table 1.
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Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children and Important Etiologic Agents

SyndromeEtiologic agents
BronchiolitisRSV, hMPV, PIV, adenovirus, coronaviruses, influenza viruses, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinovirus, bocavirus,
Exacerbations of Wheezing/AsthmaRSV, hMPV, rhinovirus, adenovirus, PIV, coronaviruses, influenza viruses, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, bocavirus
CroupPIV, Influenza, adenovirus,
PneumoniaInfluenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, PIV, adenovirus, RSV, hMPV, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus
Pneumonitis in Transplant RecipientsRSV, PIV, influenza, hMPV, adenovirus, rhinovirus
SyndromeEtiologic agents
BronchiolitisRSV, hMPV, PIV, adenovirus, coronaviruses, influenza viruses, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinovirus, bocavirus,
Exacerbations of Wheezing/AsthmaRSV, hMPV, rhinovirus, adenovirus, PIV, coronaviruses, influenza viruses, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, bocavirus
CroupPIV, Influenza, adenovirus,
PneumoniaInfluenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, PIV, adenovirus, RSV, hMPV, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus
Pneumonitis in Transplant RecipientsRSV, PIV, influenza, hMPV, adenovirus, rhinovirus

NOTE. Pathogens in bold are thought to be the most common etiologies. hMPV, human metapneumovirus; PIV, parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.

Table 1.
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Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children and Important Etiologic Agents

SyndromeEtiologic agents
BronchiolitisRSV, hMPV, PIV, adenovirus, coronaviruses, influenza viruses, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinovirus, bocavirus,
Exacerbations of Wheezing/AsthmaRSV, hMPV, rhinovirus, adenovirus, PIV, coronaviruses, influenza viruses, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, bocavirus
CroupPIV, Influenza, adenovirus,
PneumoniaInfluenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, PIV, adenovirus, RSV, hMPV, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus
Pneumonitis in Transplant RecipientsRSV, PIV, influenza, hMPV, adenovirus, rhinovirus
SyndromeEtiologic agents
BronchiolitisRSV, hMPV, PIV, adenovirus, coronaviruses, influenza viruses, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinovirus, bocavirus,
Exacerbations of Wheezing/AsthmaRSV, hMPV, rhinovirus, adenovirus, PIV, coronaviruses, influenza viruses, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, bocavirus
CroupPIV, Influenza, adenovirus,
PneumoniaInfluenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, PIV, adenovirus, RSV, hMPV, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus
Pneumonitis in Transplant RecipientsRSV, PIV, influenza, hMPV, adenovirus, rhinovirus

NOTE. Pathogens in bold are thought to be the most common etiologies. hMPV, human metapneumovirus; PIV, parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.

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