Table 3.
Open in new tab

Results of the Growth Analysis of NF-pNETs <2 cm

All Tumors (n = 115)Progressive Tumors (n = 35)Stable Tumors (n = 80)
Growth, mm/quarter (95% CI)0.09 (0.04 to 0.15) P = 0.0020.39 (0.28 to 0.49) P < 0.001−0.001 (−0.03 to 0.03) P = 0.9
Effect modifiers (P-value for   interaction)Not tested.
 GenderP = 0.7P = 0.8
  Male, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.04, 0.01 to 0.16)0.37 (0.08, 0.21 to 0.54)
  Female, β (SE, 95% CI)0.11 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.19)0.40 (0.07, 0.26 to 0.54)
 AgeP = 0.7P = 0.4
  < median, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.04, 0.01 to 0.16)0.35 (0.07, 0.21 to 0.49)
  ≥ median, β (SE, 95% CI)0.11 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.19)0.43 (0.08, 0.27 to 0.59)
 Presence of biochemical  gastrinomaP = 1Model failed to converge
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.09 (0.08, −0.08 to 0.25)—
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.09 (0.03, 0.03 to 0.15)—
 Newly diagnosed tumorP = 0.8P = 0.7
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.10 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.18)0.40 (0.07, 0.26 to 0.54)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.09 (0.04, 0.00 to 0.17)0.37 (0.08, 0.20 to 0.53)
 SSAP = 0.4P = 0.4
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)NANA
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)NANA
 Genotype missense vs   nonsense/frameshiftaP = 0.2P = 0.09
  Missense, β (SE, 95% CI)0.19 (0.07, 0.04 to 0.34)0.51 (0.11, 0.28 to 0.73)
  Nonsense/frameshift, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.04, −0.00 to 0.16)0.28 (0.05, 0.16 to 0.40)
 Nonsense/frameshift exons   2, 9, and 10bP = 0.4P = 0.02
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.12 (0.05, 0.02 to 0.21)0.24 (0.06, 0.10 to 0.38)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.07 (0.03, 0.00 to 0.14)0.48 (0.07, 0.34 to 0.61)
 JUND interacting domaincP = 0.6P = 0.2
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.12 (0.05, 0.02 to 0.22)0.42 (0.08, 0.26 to 0.59)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.05, −0.02 to 0.19)0.27 (0.07, 0.12 to 0.42)
 CHES1 interacting domaindP = 0.9P = 0.08
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.12 (0.07, −0.03 to 0.26)0.22 (0.08, 0.05 to 0.39)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.10 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.18)0.41 (0.06, 0.27 to 0.54)
All Tumors (n = 115)Progressive Tumors (n = 35)Stable Tumors (n = 80)
Growth, mm/quarter (95% CI)0.09 (0.04 to 0.15) P = 0.0020.39 (0.28 to 0.49) P < 0.001−0.001 (−0.03 to 0.03) P = 0.9
Effect modifiers (P-value for   interaction)Not tested.
 GenderP = 0.7P = 0.8
  Male, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.04, 0.01 to 0.16)0.37 (0.08, 0.21 to 0.54)
  Female, β (SE, 95% CI)0.11 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.19)0.40 (0.07, 0.26 to 0.54)
 AgeP = 0.7P = 0.4
  < median, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.04, 0.01 to 0.16)0.35 (0.07, 0.21 to 0.49)
  ≥ median, β (SE, 95% CI)0.11 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.19)0.43 (0.08, 0.27 to 0.59)
 Presence of biochemical  gastrinomaP = 1Model failed to converge
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.09 (0.08, −0.08 to 0.25)—
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.09 (0.03, 0.03 to 0.15)—
 Newly diagnosed tumorP = 0.8P = 0.7
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.10 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.18)0.40 (0.07, 0.26 to 0.54)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.09 (0.04, 0.00 to 0.17)0.37 (0.08, 0.20 to 0.53)
 SSAP = 0.4P = 0.4
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)NANA
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)NANA
 Genotype missense vs   nonsense/frameshiftaP = 0.2P = 0.09
  Missense, β (SE, 95% CI)0.19 (0.07, 0.04 to 0.34)0.51 (0.11, 0.28 to 0.73)
  Nonsense/frameshift, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.04, −0.00 to 0.16)0.28 (0.05, 0.16 to 0.40)
 Nonsense/frameshift exons   2, 9, and 10bP = 0.4P = 0.02
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.12 (0.05, 0.02 to 0.21)0.24 (0.06, 0.10 to 0.38)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.07 (0.03, 0.00 to 0.14)0.48 (0.07, 0.34 to 0.61)
 JUND interacting domaincP = 0.6P = 0.2
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.12 (0.05, 0.02 to 0.22)0.42 (0.08, 0.26 to 0.59)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.05, −0.02 to 0.19)0.27 (0.07, 0.12 to 0.42)
 CHES1 interacting domaindP = 0.9P = 0.08
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.12 (0.07, −0.03 to 0.26)0.22 (0.08, 0.05 to 0.39)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.10 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.18)0.41 (0.06, 0.27 to 0.54)

β stands for the coefficient from the linear mixed models analysis, denoting growth in mm/quarter.

Abbreviation: SE, standard error.

a

Only patients with germline nonsense, frameshift, and missense mutations included.

b

All mutations included. Genotype dichotomized to nonsense and frameshift mutations in exons 2, 9, and 10 vs other mutations.

c

Only patients with germline nonsense, frameshift, and missense mutations included. JUND interacting domain: codons 1–40, 139–242, and 323–428.

d

Only patients with germline nonsense, frameshift, and missense mutations included. CHES1 interacting domain: codons 428–610.

Table 3.
Open in new tab

Results of the Growth Analysis of NF-pNETs <2 cm

All Tumors (n = 115)Progressive Tumors (n = 35)Stable Tumors (n = 80)
Growth, mm/quarter (95% CI)0.09 (0.04 to 0.15) P = 0.0020.39 (0.28 to 0.49) P < 0.001−0.001 (−0.03 to 0.03) P = 0.9
Effect modifiers (P-value for   interaction)Not tested.
 GenderP = 0.7P = 0.8
  Male, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.04, 0.01 to 0.16)0.37 (0.08, 0.21 to 0.54)
  Female, β (SE, 95% CI)0.11 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.19)0.40 (0.07, 0.26 to 0.54)
 AgeP = 0.7P = 0.4
  < median, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.04, 0.01 to 0.16)0.35 (0.07, 0.21 to 0.49)
  ≥ median, β (SE, 95% CI)0.11 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.19)0.43 (0.08, 0.27 to 0.59)
 Presence of biochemical  gastrinomaP = 1Model failed to converge
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.09 (0.08, −0.08 to 0.25)—
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.09 (0.03, 0.03 to 0.15)—
 Newly diagnosed tumorP = 0.8P = 0.7
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.10 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.18)0.40 (0.07, 0.26 to 0.54)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.09 (0.04, 0.00 to 0.17)0.37 (0.08, 0.20 to 0.53)
 SSAP = 0.4P = 0.4
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)NANA
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)NANA
 Genotype missense vs   nonsense/frameshiftaP = 0.2P = 0.09
  Missense, β (SE, 95% CI)0.19 (0.07, 0.04 to 0.34)0.51 (0.11, 0.28 to 0.73)
  Nonsense/frameshift, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.04, −0.00 to 0.16)0.28 (0.05, 0.16 to 0.40)
 Nonsense/frameshift exons   2, 9, and 10bP = 0.4P = 0.02
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.12 (0.05, 0.02 to 0.21)0.24 (0.06, 0.10 to 0.38)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.07 (0.03, 0.00 to 0.14)0.48 (0.07, 0.34 to 0.61)
 JUND interacting domaincP = 0.6P = 0.2
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.12 (0.05, 0.02 to 0.22)0.42 (0.08, 0.26 to 0.59)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.05, −0.02 to 0.19)0.27 (0.07, 0.12 to 0.42)
 CHES1 interacting domaindP = 0.9P = 0.08
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.12 (0.07, −0.03 to 0.26)0.22 (0.08, 0.05 to 0.39)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.10 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.18)0.41 (0.06, 0.27 to 0.54)
All Tumors (n = 115)Progressive Tumors (n = 35)Stable Tumors (n = 80)
Growth, mm/quarter (95% CI)0.09 (0.04 to 0.15) P = 0.0020.39 (0.28 to 0.49) P < 0.001−0.001 (−0.03 to 0.03) P = 0.9
Effect modifiers (P-value for   interaction)Not tested.
 GenderP = 0.7P = 0.8
  Male, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.04, 0.01 to 0.16)0.37 (0.08, 0.21 to 0.54)
  Female, β (SE, 95% CI)0.11 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.19)0.40 (0.07, 0.26 to 0.54)
 AgeP = 0.7P = 0.4
  < median, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.04, 0.01 to 0.16)0.35 (0.07, 0.21 to 0.49)
  ≥ median, β (SE, 95% CI)0.11 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.19)0.43 (0.08, 0.27 to 0.59)
 Presence of biochemical  gastrinomaP = 1Model failed to converge
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.09 (0.08, −0.08 to 0.25)—
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.09 (0.03, 0.03 to 0.15)—
 Newly diagnosed tumorP = 0.8P = 0.7
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.10 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.18)0.40 (0.07, 0.26 to 0.54)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.09 (0.04, 0.00 to 0.17)0.37 (0.08, 0.20 to 0.53)
 SSAP = 0.4P = 0.4
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)NANA
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)NANA
 Genotype missense vs   nonsense/frameshiftaP = 0.2P = 0.09
  Missense, β (SE, 95% CI)0.19 (0.07, 0.04 to 0.34)0.51 (0.11, 0.28 to 0.73)
  Nonsense/frameshift, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.04, −0.00 to 0.16)0.28 (0.05, 0.16 to 0.40)
 Nonsense/frameshift exons   2, 9, and 10bP = 0.4P = 0.02
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.12 (0.05, 0.02 to 0.21)0.24 (0.06, 0.10 to 0.38)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.07 (0.03, 0.00 to 0.14)0.48 (0.07, 0.34 to 0.61)
 JUND interacting domaincP = 0.6P = 0.2
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.12 (0.05, 0.02 to 0.22)0.42 (0.08, 0.26 to 0.59)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.08 (0.05, −0.02 to 0.19)0.27 (0.07, 0.12 to 0.42)
 CHES1 interacting domaindP = 0.9P = 0.08
  Yes, β (SE, 95% CI)0.12 (0.07, −0.03 to 0.26)0.22 (0.08, 0.05 to 0.39)
  No, β (SE, 95% CI)0.10 (0.04, 0.02 to 0.18)0.41 (0.06, 0.27 to 0.54)

β stands for the coefficient from the linear mixed models analysis, denoting growth in mm/quarter.

Abbreviation: SE, standard error.

a

Only patients with germline nonsense, frameshift, and missense mutations included.

b

All mutations included. Genotype dichotomized to nonsense and frameshift mutations in exons 2, 9, and 10 vs other mutations.

c

Only patients with germline nonsense, frameshift, and missense mutations included. JUND interacting domain: codons 1–40, 139–242, and 323–428.

d

Only patients with germline nonsense, frameshift, and missense mutations included. CHES1 interacting domain: codons 428–610.

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