Table 3. Open in new tab Muscle Density...

Outcome (Z)	Sex	Model 1	Model 2
PC	M	0.35	−0.245	−0.279, −0.211	<.001		0.38	−0.103	−0.150, −0.056	<.001
	F	0.36	−0.223	−0.253, −0.194	<.001	.359	0.41	−0.039	−0.079, 0.001	0.054	.356
	All	0.64	−0.234	−0.256, −0.212	<.001		0.66	−0.071	−0.101, −0.040	<.001
BMD_C	M	0.13	−0.288	−0.342, −0.235	<.001		0.13	−0.260	−0.335, −0.185	<.001
	F	0.10	−0.133	−0.177, −0.090	<.001	.001	0.11	−0.163	−0.224, −0.101	<.001	.001
	All	0.16	−0.213	−0.247, −0.179	<.001		0.16	−0.213	−0.261, −0.165	<.001
CT	M	0.18	−0.438	−0.486, −0.390	<.001		0.18	−0.444	−0.511, −0.377	<.001
	F	0.12	−0.318	−0.357, −0.278	<.001	<.001	0.12	−0.313	−0.369, −0.257	<.001	<.001
	All	0.32	−0.373	−0.403, −0.343	<.001		0.32	−0.374	−0.417, −0.331	<.001
BMC_C	M	0.32	−0.425	−0.465, −0.385	<.001		0.33	−0.340	−0.395, −0.284	<.001
	F	0.27	−0.299	−0.329, −0.268	<.001	<.001	0.29	−0.197	−0.240, −0.153	<.001	<.001
	All	0.56	−0.360	−0.384, −0.335	<.001		0.56	−0.266	−0.301, −0.232	<.001
SSI	M	0.37	−0.344	−0.381, −0.306	<.001		0.38	−0.209	−0.261, −0.156	<.001
	F	0.35	−0.233	−0.260, −0.207	<.001	<.001	0.38	−0.091	−0.128, −0.054	<.001	<.001
	All	0.63	−0.290	−0.313, −0.268	<.001		0.64	−0.152	−0.183, −0.121	<.001

Outcome (Z)

Sex

Model 1

Model 2

R²

Coef

95% CI

p(int)

R²

Coef.

95% CI

p(int)

0.35

−0.245

−0.279, −0.211

<.001

0.38

−0.103

−0.150, −0.056

<.001

0.36

−0.223

−0.253, −0.194

<.001

.359

0.41

−0.039

−0.079, 0.001

0.054

.356

All

0.64

−0.234

−0.256, −0.212

<.001

0.66

−0.071

−0.101, −0.040

<.001

BMD_C

0.13

−0.288

−0.342, −0.235

<.001

0.13

−0.260

−0.335, −0.185

<.001

0.10

−0.133

−0.177, −0.090

<.001

.001

0.11

−0.163

−0.224, −0.101

<.001

.001

All

0.16

−0.213

−0.247, −0.179

<.001

0.16

−0.213

−0.261, −0.165

<.001

0.18

−0.438

−0.486, −0.390

<.001

0.18

−0.444

−0.511, −0.377

<.001

0.12

−0.318

−0.357, −0.278

<.001

0.12

−0.313

−0.369, −0.257

<.001

All

0.32

−0.373

−0.403, −0.343

<.001

0.32

−0.374

−0.417, −0.331

<.001

BMC_C

0.32

−0.425

−0.465, −0.385

<.001

0.33

−0.340

−0.395, −0.284

<.001

0.27

−0.299

−0.329, −0.268

<.001

0.29

−0.197

−0.240, −0.153

<.001

All

0.56

−0.360

−0.384, −0.335

<.001

0.56

−0.266

−0.301, −0.232

<.001

SSI

0.37

−0.344

−0.381, −0.306

<.001

0.38

−0.209

−0.261, −0.156

<.001

0.35

−0.233

−0.260, −0.207

<.001

0.38

−0.091

−0.128, −0.054

<.001

All

0.63

−0.290

−0.313, −0.268

<.001

0.64

−0.152

−0.183, −0.121

<.001

Outcome (Z)	Sex	Model 1	Model 2
PC	M	0.35	−0.245	−0.279, −0.211	<.001		0.38	−0.103	−0.150, −0.056	<.001
	F	0.36	−0.223	−0.253, −0.194	<.001	.359	0.41	−0.039	−0.079, 0.001	0.054	.356
	All	0.64	−0.234	−0.256, −0.212	<.001		0.66	−0.071	−0.101, −0.040	<.001
BMD_C	M	0.13	−0.288	−0.342, −0.235	<.001		0.13	−0.260	−0.335, −0.185	<.001
	F	0.10	−0.133	−0.177, −0.090	<.001	.001	0.11	−0.163	−0.224, −0.101	<.001	.001
	All	0.16	−0.213	−0.247, −0.179	<.001		0.16	−0.213	−0.261, −0.165	<.001
CT	M	0.18	−0.438	−0.486, −0.390	<.001		0.18	−0.444	−0.511, −0.377	<.001
	F	0.12	−0.318	−0.357, −0.278	<.001	<.001	0.12	−0.313	−0.369, −0.257	<.001	<.001
	All	0.32	−0.373	−0.403, −0.343	<.001		0.32	−0.374	−0.417, −0.331	<.001
BMC_C	M	0.32	−0.425	−0.465, −0.385	<.001		0.33	−0.340	−0.395, −0.284	<.001
	F	0.27	−0.299	−0.329, −0.268	<.001	<.001	0.29	−0.197	−0.240, −0.153	<.001	<.001
	All	0.56	−0.360	−0.384, −0.335	<.001		0.56	−0.266	−0.301, −0.232	<.001
SSI	M	0.37	−0.344	−0.381, −0.306	<.001		0.38	−0.209	−0.261, −0.156	<.001
	F	0.35	−0.233	−0.260, −0.207	<.001	<.001	0.38	−0.091	−0.128, −0.054	<.001	<.001
	All	0.63	−0.290	−0.313, −0.268	<.001		0.64	−0.152	−0.183, −0.121	<.001

Table 3.

Open in new tab

Muscle Density vs Cortical Bone Parameters

Outcome (Z)	Sex	Model 1					Model 2
Outcome (Z)	Sex	R²	Coef	95% CI	P	p(int)	R²	Coef.	95% CI	P	p(int)
PC	M	0.35	−0.245	−0.279, −0.211	<.001		0.38	−0.103	−0.150, −0.056	<.001
	F	0.36	−0.223	−0.253, −0.194	<.001	.359	0.41	−0.039	−0.079, 0.001	0.054	.356
	All	0.64	−0.234	−0.256, −0.212	<.001		0.66	−0.071	−0.101, −0.040	<.001
BMD_C	M	0.13	−0.288	−0.342, −0.235	<.001		0.13	−0.260	−0.335, −0.185	<.001
	F	0.10	−0.133	−0.177, −0.090	<.001	.001	0.11	−0.163	−0.224, −0.101	<.001	.001
	All	0.16	−0.213	−0.247, −0.179	<.001		0.16	−0.213	−0.261, −0.165	<.001
CT	M	0.18	−0.438	−0.486, −0.390	<.001		0.18	−0.444	−0.511, −0.377	<.001
	F	0.12	−0.318	−0.357, −0.278	<.001	<.001	0.12	−0.313	−0.369, −0.257	<.001	<.001
	All	0.32	−0.373	−0.403, −0.343	<.001		0.32	−0.374	−0.417, −0.331	<.001
BMC_C	M	0.32	−0.425	−0.465, −0.385	<.001		0.33	−0.340	−0.395, −0.284	<.001
	F	0.27	−0.299	−0.329, −0.268	<.001	<.001	0.29	−0.197	−0.240, −0.153	<.001	<.001
	All	0.56	−0.360	−0.384, −0.335	<.001		0.56	−0.266	−0.301, −0.232	<.001
SSI	M	0.37	−0.344	−0.381, −0.306	<.001		0.38	−0.209	−0.261, −0.156	<.001
	F	0.35	−0.233	−0.260, −0.207	<.001	<.001	0.38	−0.091	−0.128, −0.054	<.001	<.001
	All	0.63	−0.290	−0.313, −0.268	<.001		0.64	−0.152	−0.183, −0.121	<.001

Outcome (Z)	Sex	Model 1					Model 2
Outcome (Z)	Sex	R²	Coef	95% CI	P	p(int)	R²	Coef.	95% CI	P	p(int)
PC	M	0.35	−0.245	−0.279, −0.211	<.001		0.38	−0.103	−0.150, −0.056	<.001
	F	0.36	−0.223	−0.253, −0.194	<.001	.359	0.41	−0.039	−0.079, 0.001	0.054	.356
	All	0.64	−0.234	−0.256, −0.212	<.001		0.66	−0.071	−0.101, −0.040	<.001
BMD_C	M	0.13	−0.288	−0.342, −0.235	<.001		0.13	−0.260	−0.335, −0.185	<.001
	F	0.10	−0.133	−0.177, −0.090	<.001	.001	0.11	−0.163	−0.224, −0.101	<.001	.001
	All	0.16	−0.213	−0.247, −0.179	<.001		0.16	−0.213	−0.261, −0.165	<.001
CT	M	0.18	−0.438	−0.486, −0.390	<.001		0.18	−0.444	−0.511, −0.377	<.001
	F	0.12	−0.318	−0.357, −0.278	<.001	<.001	0.12	−0.313	−0.369, −0.257	<.001	<.001
	All	0.32	−0.373	−0.403, −0.343	<.001		0.32	−0.374	−0.417, −0.331	<.001
BMC_C	M	0.32	−0.425	−0.465, −0.385	<.001		0.33	−0.340	−0.395, −0.284	<.001
	F	0.27	−0.299	−0.329, −0.268	<.001	<.001	0.29	−0.197	−0.240, −0.153	<.001	<.001
	All	0.56	−0.360	−0.384, −0.335	<.001		0.56	−0.266	−0.301, −0.232	<.001
SSI	M	0.37	−0.344	−0.381, −0.306	<.001		0.38	−0.209	−0.261, −0.156	<.001
	F	0.35	−0.233	−0.260, −0.207	<.001	<.001	0.38	−0.091	−0.128, −0.054	<.001	<.001
	All	0.63	−0.290	−0.313, −0.268	<.001		0.64	−0.152	−0.183, −0.121	<.001

Abbreviations: M, male; F, female. Table shows results of linear regression analysis between muscle density and cortical bone parameters, based on pQCT scans from 3946 individuals (males = 1703, females = 2243). Coef represents standard deviation change in cortical bone parameter per standard deviation increase in muscle density. Model 1 = adjustment for age at scan, height, gender, and artifact indicator; model 2 = model 1 plus MCSA. p(int) represents P value for gender interaction.

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