Table 1. Open in new tab Prevalence of...

Reference	Date data collected	Country	M/F, n	Assessment method	Age, years Mean (SD) [Range]	Sarcopenia prevalence, %
Community-dwelling populations
Abellan van Kan et al. [5]	Jan 1992–Jan 1994	France	0/3025	DEXA	HS	GS	80.51 (3.9) [≥75]	5.2	–	5.2
Landi et al. [6]	Oct 2003	Italy	66/131	MAMC	HS	GS	82.2 (1.4) [80–85]	21.8	25.7	19.8
Landi et al. [7]	Oct 2003	Italy	118/236	MAMC	HS	GS	85.8 (4.9)	29.1	27.1	30.1
Lee et al. [8]	–	Taiwan	223/163	DXA	HS, KE, PEF	SPPB, GS, TUG, or SCPT	73.7 (5.6)	7.8^a 16.6^b	10.8^a 14.9^b	3.7^a 19.0^b
Legrand et al. [9]	Nov 2008–Sep 2009	Belgium	103/185	BIA	HS	mSPPB, GS	84.8 (3.6) [>80]	12.5	14.6	12.4
Malmstrom et al. [10]	Sep 2000–Jul 2001	USA (African Americans)	124/195	DEXA	–	GS	59.2 (4.4)	4.1	–	–
McIntosh et al. [11]	–	Canada	42/43	BIA	HS	GS	75.2 (5.7)	6.0	S: 5 SS: 0	S: 7 SS: 0
Murphy et al. [12]	–	USA	1426/1502	DEXA	HS	GS	F: 73.5 (2.88) M: 73.8 (2.85) Total: [70–79]	S: 5	–	–
Patel et al. [13]	–	UK^c	Cohort A: 103/0 Cohort B: 765/1022	DEXA, SFT	HS	GS, TUG, chair-rise time	(A): 72.5 (2.5) (B): M, 67.0 (2.6); F, 67.1 (2.6)	(A): 6.8 (B): 7.8	4.6	7.9
Patil et al. [14]	–	Finland	0/409	DEXA	HS	GS, SPPB, TUG	74.2 (3.0) [70–80]	0.9	–	0.9
Sanada et al. [15]	–	Japan	0/533	DEXA	HS, LEP	Sit and reach, VO_2max	<39: 11.4% <49: 21.2% <59: 25.9% <69: 29.8% <85: 11.6% [30–84]	24.2	–	24.2
Tanimoto et al. [16]	May–Jun 2007, 2008, 2009	Japan	364/794	BIA	HS	GS	M: 74.4 (6.4) F: 73.9 (6.3) [≥65]	–	11.3	10.7
Verschueren et al. [17]	–	Belgium, UK	679/0	DEXA	HS, KE	GS	59.6 (10.7) [40–79]	S: 3.7 SS: 0	–	–
Volpato et al. [18]	2004–2006	Italy	250/288	BIA	HS	GS	77.1 (5.5) [65–97]	10.2	2.6	6.7
Yamada et al. [19]	–	Japan	568/1314	BIA	HS	GS	74.9 (5.5) [65–89]	–	21.8	22.1
Institutional dwelling
Bastiaanse et al. [20]	–	Netherlands	450/434	CC	HS	GS	50–59: 46.5% 60–69: 35.2% 70–79: 16.2% ≥80: 2.1% [≥50]	All: 14.3 50–64: 12.7 ≥65: 17.4	–	–
Landi et al. [21]	Aug–Sep 2010	Italy	31/91	BIA	HS	GS	84.1 (4.8) [≥70]	32.8	67.7	20.8*
Acute hospital care
Gariballa and Alessa [22]	–	UK	227/205	MAMC	HS	–	[≥65]	10.2	–	–

Reference

Date data collected

Country

M/F, n

Assessment method

Age, years Mean
(SD) [Range]

Sarcopenia prevalence, %

Muscle mass

Muscle strength

Physical performance

Total

Male

Female

Community-dwelling populations

Abellan van Kan et al. [5]

Jan 1992–Jan 1994

France

0/3025

DEXA

80.51 (3.9)
[≥75]

5.2

–

5.2

Landi et al. [6]

Oct 2003

Italy

66/131

MAMC

82.2 (1.4)
[80–85]

21.8

25.7

19.8

Landi et al. [7]

Oct 2003

Italy

118/236

MAMC

85.8 (4.9)

29.1

27.1

30.1

Lee et al. [8]

–

Taiwan

223/163

DXA

HS, KE, PEF

SPPB, GS, TUG, or SCPT

73.7 (5.6)

7.8^a
16.6^b

10.8^a
14.9^b

3.7^a
19.0^b

Legrand et al. [9]

Nov 2008–Sep 2009

Belgium

103/185

BIA

mSPPB, GS

84.8 (3.6)
[>80]

12.5

14.6

12.4

Malmstrom et al. [10]

Sep 2000–Jul 2001

USA (African Americans)

124/195

DEXA

–

59.2 (4.4)

4.1

–

McIntosh et al. [11]

–

Canada

42/43

BIA

75.2 (5.7)

6.0

S: 5
SS: 0

S: 7
SS: 0

Murphy et al. [12]

–

USA

1426/1502

DEXA

F: 73.5 (2.88)
M: 73.8 (2.85)
Total: [70–79]

S: 5

–

Patel et al. [13]

–

UK^c

Cohort A: 103/0
Cohort B: 765/1022

DEXA, SFT

GS, TUG, chair-rise time

(A): 72.5 (2.5)
(B): M, 67.0 (2.6); F, 67.1 (2.6)

(A): 6.8
(B): 7.8

4.6

7.9

Patil et al. [14]

–

Finland

0/409

DEXA

GS, SPPB, TUG

74.2 (3.0)
[70–80]

0.9

–

0.9

Sanada et al. [15]

–

Japan

0/533

DEXA

HS, LEP

Sit and reach, VO_2max

<39: 11.4%
<49: 21.2%
<59: 25.9%
<69: 29.8%
<85: 11.6%
[30–84]

24.2

–

24.2

Tanimoto et al. [16]

May–Jun 2007, 2008, 2009

Japan

364/794

BIA

M: 74.4 (6.4)
F: 73.9 (6.3)
[≥65]

–

11.3

10.7

Verschueren et al. [17]

–

Belgium, UK

679/0

DEXA

HS, KE

59.6 (10.7)
[40–79]

S: 3.7
SS: 0

–

Volpato et al. [18]

2004–2006

Italy

250/288

BIA

77.1 (5.5)
[65–97]

10.2

2.6

6.7

Yamada et al. [19]

–

Japan

568/1314

BIA

74.9 (5.5)
[65–89]

–

21.8

22.1

Institutional dwelling

Bastiaanse et al. [20]

–

Netherlands

450/434

50–59: 46.5%
60–69: 35.2%
70–79: 16.2%
≥80: 2.1%
[≥50]

All: 14.3
50–64: 12.7
≥65: 17.4

–

Landi et al. [21]

Aug–Sep 2010

Italy

31/91

BIA

84.1 (4.8)
[≥70]

32.8

67.7

20.8*

Acute hospital care

Gariballa and Alessa [22]

–

227/205

MAMC

–

[≥65]

10.2

–

Reference	Date data collected	Country	M/F, n	Assessment method	Age, years Mean (SD) [Range]	Sarcopenia prevalence, %
Community-dwelling populations
Abellan van Kan et al. [5]	Jan 1992–Jan 1994	France	0/3025	DEXA	HS	GS	80.51 (3.9) [≥75]	5.2	–	5.2
Landi et al. [6]	Oct 2003	Italy	66/131	MAMC	HS	GS	82.2 (1.4) [80–85]	21.8	25.7	19.8
Landi et al. [7]	Oct 2003	Italy	118/236	MAMC	HS	GS	85.8 (4.9)	29.1	27.1	30.1
Lee et al. [8]	–	Taiwan	223/163	DXA	HS, KE, PEF	SPPB, GS, TUG, or SCPT	73.7 (5.6)	7.8^a 16.6^b	10.8^a 14.9^b	3.7^a 19.0^b
Legrand et al. [9]	Nov 2008–Sep 2009	Belgium	103/185	BIA	HS	mSPPB, GS	84.8 (3.6) [>80]	12.5	14.6	12.4
Malmstrom et al. [10]	Sep 2000–Jul 2001	USA (African Americans)	124/195	DEXA	–	GS	59.2 (4.4)	4.1	–	–
McIntosh et al. [11]	–	Canada	42/43	BIA	HS	GS	75.2 (5.7)	6.0	S: 5 SS: 0	S: 7 SS: 0
Murphy et al. [12]	–	USA	1426/1502	DEXA	HS	GS	F: 73.5 (2.88) M: 73.8 (2.85) Total: [70–79]	S: 5	–	–
Patel et al. [13]	–	UK^c	Cohort A: 103/0 Cohort B: 765/1022	DEXA, SFT	HS	GS, TUG, chair-rise time	(A): 72.5 (2.5) (B): M, 67.0 (2.6); F, 67.1 (2.6)	(A): 6.8 (B): 7.8	4.6	7.9
Patil et al. [14]	–	Finland	0/409	DEXA	HS	GS, SPPB, TUG	74.2 (3.0) [70–80]	0.9	–	0.9
Sanada et al. [15]	–	Japan	0/533	DEXA	HS, LEP	Sit and reach, VO_2max	<39: 11.4% <49: 21.2% <59: 25.9% <69: 29.8% <85: 11.6% [30–84]	24.2	–	24.2
Tanimoto et al. [16]	May–Jun 2007, 2008, 2009	Japan	364/794	BIA	HS	GS	M: 74.4 (6.4) F: 73.9 (6.3) [≥65]	–	11.3	10.7
Verschueren et al. [17]	–	Belgium, UK	679/0	DEXA	HS, KE	GS	59.6 (10.7) [40–79]	S: 3.7 SS: 0	–	–
Volpato et al. [18]	2004–2006	Italy	250/288	BIA	HS	GS	77.1 (5.5) [65–97]	10.2	2.6	6.7
Yamada et al. [19]	–	Japan	568/1314	BIA	HS	GS	74.9 (5.5) [65–89]	–	21.8	22.1
Institutional dwelling
Bastiaanse et al. [20]	–	Netherlands	450/434	CC	HS	GS	50–59: 46.5% 60–69: 35.2% 70–79: 16.2% ≥80: 2.1% [≥50]	All: 14.3 50–64: 12.7 ≥65: 17.4	–	–
Landi et al. [21]	Aug–Sep 2010	Italy	31/91	BIA	HS	GS	84.1 (4.8) [≥70]	32.8	67.7	20.8*
Acute hospital care
Gariballa and Alessa [22]	–	UK	227/205	MAMC	HS	–	[≥65]	10.2	–	–

Reference

Date data collected

Country

M/F, n

Assessment method

Age, years Mean
(SD) [Range]

Sarcopenia prevalence, %

Muscle mass

Muscle strength

Physical performance

Total

Male

Female

Community-dwelling populations

Abellan van Kan et al. [5]

Jan 1992–Jan 1994

France

0/3025

DEXA

80.51 (3.9)
[≥75]

5.2

–

5.2

Landi et al. [6]

Oct 2003

Italy

66/131

MAMC

82.2 (1.4)
[80–85]

21.8

25.7

19.8

Landi et al. [7]

Oct 2003

Italy

118/236

MAMC

85.8 (4.9)

29.1

27.1

30.1

Lee et al. [8]

–

Taiwan

223/163

DXA

HS, KE, PEF

SPPB, GS, TUG, or SCPT

73.7 (5.6)

7.8^a
16.6^b

10.8^a
14.9^b

3.7^a
19.0^b

Legrand et al. [9]

Nov 2008–Sep 2009

Belgium

103/185

BIA

mSPPB, GS

84.8 (3.6)
[>80]

12.5

14.6

12.4

Malmstrom et al. [10]

Sep 2000–Jul 2001

USA (African Americans)

124/195

DEXA

–

59.2 (4.4)

4.1

–

McIntosh et al. [11]

–

Canada

42/43

BIA

75.2 (5.7)

6.0

S: 5
SS: 0

S: 7
SS: 0

Murphy et al. [12]

–

USA

1426/1502

DEXA

F: 73.5 (2.88)
M: 73.8 (2.85)
Total: [70–79]

S: 5

–

Patel et al. [13]

–

UK^c

Cohort A: 103/0
Cohort B: 765/1022

DEXA, SFT

GS, TUG, chair-rise time

(A): 72.5 (2.5)
(B): M, 67.0 (2.6); F, 67.1 (2.6)

(A): 6.8
(B): 7.8

4.6

7.9

Patil et al. [14]

–

Finland

0/409

DEXA

GS, SPPB, TUG

74.2 (3.0)
[70–80]

0.9

–

0.9

Sanada et al. [15]

–

Japan

0/533

DEXA

HS, LEP

Sit and reach, VO_2max

<39: 11.4%
<49: 21.2%
<59: 25.9%
<69: 29.8%
<85: 11.6%
[30–84]

24.2

–

24.2

Tanimoto et al. [16]

May–Jun 2007, 2008, 2009

Japan

364/794

BIA

M: 74.4 (6.4)
F: 73.9 (6.3)
[≥65]

–

11.3

10.7

Verschueren et al. [17]

–

Belgium, UK

679/0

DEXA

HS, KE

59.6 (10.7)
[40–79]

S: 3.7
SS: 0

–

Volpato et al. [18]

2004–2006

Italy

250/288

BIA

77.1 (5.5)
[65–97]

10.2

2.6

6.7

Yamada et al. [19]

–

Japan

568/1314

BIA

74.9 (5.5)
[65–89]

–

21.8

22.1

Institutional dwelling

Bastiaanse et al. [20]

–

Netherlands

450/434

50–59: 46.5%
60–69: 35.2%
70–79: 16.2%
≥80: 2.1%
[≥50]

All: 14.3
50–64: 12.7
≥65: 17.4

–

Landi et al. [21]

Aug–Sep 2010

Italy

31/91

BIA

84.1 (4.8)
[≥70]

32.8

67.7

20.8*

Acute hospital care

Gariballa and Alessa [22]

–

227/205

MAMC

–

[≥65]

10.2

–

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Prevalence of sarcopenia

Reference	Date data collected	Country	M/F, n	Assessment method			Age, years Mean (SD) [Range]	Sarcopenia prevalence, %
Reference	Date data collected	Country	M/F, n	Muscle mass	Muscle strength	Physical performance	Age, years Mean (SD) [Range]	Total	Male	Female
Community-dwelling populations
Abellan van Kan et al. [5]	Jan 1992–Jan 1994	France	0/3025	DEXA	HS	GS	80.51 (3.9) [≥75]	5.2	–	5.2
Landi et al. [6]	Oct 2003	Italy	66/131	MAMC	HS	GS	82.2 (1.4) [80–85]	21.8	25.7	19.8
Landi et al. [7]	Oct 2003	Italy	118/236	MAMC	HS	GS	85.8 (4.9)	29.1	27.1	30.1
Lee et al. [8]	–	Taiwan	223/163	DXA	HS, KE, PEF	SPPB, GS, TUG, or SCPT	73.7 (5.6)	7.8^a 16.6^b	10.8^a 14.9^b	3.7^a 19.0^b
Legrand et al. [9]	Nov 2008–Sep 2009	Belgium	103/185	BIA	HS	mSPPB, GS	84.8 (3.6) [>80]	12.5	14.6	12.4
Malmstrom et al. [10]	Sep 2000–Jul 2001	USA (African Americans)	124/195	DEXA	–	GS	59.2 (4.4)	4.1	–	–
McIntosh et al. [11]	–	Canada	42/43	BIA	HS	GS	75.2 (5.7)	6.0	S: 5 SS: 0	S: 7 SS: 0
Murphy et al. [12]	–	USA	1426/1502	DEXA	HS	GS	F: 73.5 (2.88) M: 73.8 (2.85) Total: [70–79]	S: 5	–	–
Patel et al. [13]	–	UK^c	Cohort A: 103/0 Cohort B: 765/1022	DEXA, SFT	HS	GS, TUG, chair-rise time	(A): 72.5 (2.5) (B): M, 67.0 (2.6); F, 67.1 (2.6)	(A): 6.8 (B): 7.8	4.6	7.9
Patil et al. [14]	–	Finland	0/409	DEXA	HS	GS, SPPB, TUG	74.2 (3.0) [70–80]	0.9	–	0.9
Sanada et al. [15]	–	Japan	0/533	DEXA	HS, LEP	Sit and reach, VO_2max	<39: 11.4% <49: 21.2% <59: 25.9% <69: 29.8% <85: 11.6% [30–84]	24.2	–	24.2
Tanimoto et al. [16]	May–Jun 2007, 2008, 2009	Japan	364/794	BIA	HS	GS	M: 74.4 (6.4) F: 73.9 (6.3) [≥65]	–	11.3	10.7
Verschueren et al. [17]	–	Belgium, UK	679/0	DEXA	HS, KE	GS	59.6 (10.7) [40–79]	S: 3.7 SS: 0	–	–
Volpato et al. [18]	2004–2006	Italy	250/288	BIA	HS	GS	77.1 (5.5) [65–97]	10.2	2.6	6.7
Yamada et al. [19]	–	Japan	568/1314	BIA	HS	GS	74.9 (5.5) [65–89]	–	21.8	22.1
Institutional dwelling
Bastiaanse et al. [20]	–	Netherlands	450/434	CC	HS	GS	50–59: 46.5% 60–69: 35.2% 70–79: 16.2% ≥80: 2.1% [≥50]	All: 14.3 50–64: 12.7 ≥65: 17.4	–	–
Landi et al. [21]	Aug–Sep 2010	Italy	31/91	BIA	HS	GS	84.1 (4.8) [≥70]	32.8	67.7	20.8*
Acute hospital care
Gariballa and Alessa [22]	–	UK	227/205	MAMC	HS	–	[≥65]	10.2	–	–

Reference	Date data collected	Country	M/F, n	Assessment method			Age, years Mean (SD) [Range]	Sarcopenia prevalence, %
Reference	Date data collected	Country	M/F, n	Muscle mass	Muscle strength	Physical performance	Age, years Mean (SD) [Range]	Total	Male	Female
Community-dwelling populations
Abellan van Kan et al. [5]	Jan 1992–Jan 1994	France	0/3025	DEXA	HS	GS	80.51 (3.9) [≥75]	5.2	–	5.2
Landi et al. [6]	Oct 2003	Italy	66/131	MAMC	HS	GS	82.2 (1.4) [80–85]	21.8	25.7	19.8
Landi et al. [7]	Oct 2003	Italy	118/236	MAMC	HS	GS	85.8 (4.9)	29.1	27.1	30.1
Lee et al. [8]	–	Taiwan	223/163	DXA	HS, KE, PEF	SPPB, GS, TUG, or SCPT	73.7 (5.6)	7.8^a 16.6^b	10.8^a 14.9^b	3.7^a 19.0^b
Legrand et al. [9]	Nov 2008–Sep 2009	Belgium	103/185	BIA	HS	mSPPB, GS	84.8 (3.6) [>80]	12.5	14.6	12.4
Malmstrom et al. [10]	Sep 2000–Jul 2001	USA (African Americans)	124/195	DEXA	–	GS	59.2 (4.4)	4.1	–	–
McIntosh et al. [11]	–	Canada	42/43	BIA	HS	GS	75.2 (5.7)	6.0	S: 5 SS: 0	S: 7 SS: 0
Murphy et al. [12]	–	USA	1426/1502	DEXA	HS	GS	F: 73.5 (2.88) M: 73.8 (2.85) Total: [70–79]	S: 5	–	–
Patel et al. [13]	–	UK^c	Cohort A: 103/0 Cohort B: 765/1022	DEXA, SFT	HS	GS, TUG, chair-rise time	(A): 72.5 (2.5) (B): M, 67.0 (2.6); F, 67.1 (2.6)	(A): 6.8 (B): 7.8	4.6	7.9
Patil et al. [14]	–	Finland	0/409	DEXA	HS	GS, SPPB, TUG	74.2 (3.0) [70–80]	0.9	–	0.9
Sanada et al. [15]	–	Japan	0/533	DEXA	HS, LEP	Sit and reach, VO_2max	<39: 11.4% <49: 21.2% <59: 25.9% <69: 29.8% <85: 11.6% [30–84]	24.2	–	24.2
Tanimoto et al. [16]	May–Jun 2007, 2008, 2009	Japan	364/794	BIA	HS	GS	M: 74.4 (6.4) F: 73.9 (6.3) [≥65]	–	11.3	10.7
Verschueren et al. [17]	–	Belgium, UK	679/0	DEXA	HS, KE	GS	59.6 (10.7) [40–79]	S: 3.7 SS: 0	–	–
Volpato et al. [18]	2004–2006	Italy	250/288	BIA	HS	GS	77.1 (5.5) [65–97]	10.2	2.6	6.7
Yamada et al. [19]	–	Japan	568/1314	BIA	HS	GS	74.9 (5.5) [65–89]	–	21.8	22.1
Institutional dwelling
Bastiaanse et al. [20]	–	Netherlands	450/434	CC	HS	GS	50–59: 46.5% 60–69: 35.2% 70–79: 16.2% ≥80: 2.1% [≥50]	All: 14.3 50–64: 12.7 ≥65: 17.4	–	–
Landi et al. [21]	Aug–Sep 2010	Italy	31/91	BIA	HS	GS	84.1 (4.8) [≥70]	32.8	67.7	20.8*
Acute hospital care
Gariballa and Alessa [22]	–	UK	227/205	MAMC	HS	–	[≥65]	10.2	–	–

ALM, appendicular lean mass; BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis; CC, calf circumference; DEXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; F, female; GS, gait speed; HS, hand-grip strength using a dynamometer; KE, knee extensor; LEP, leg extension power; M, male; MAMC, mid-arm muscle circumference; PEF, peak expiratory flow; S, sarcopenia; SCPT, stair-climb power test; SD, standard deviation; SFT, skin-fold thickness; (m)SPPB, (modified) standard physical performance battery; SS, severe sarcopenia; TUG, timed-up-and-go; VO_2max, maximal oxygen uptake.

^aBy relative appendicular skeletal muscle index.

^bBy percentage skeletal muscle index.

^cConsists of two cohorts (Cohort A: detailed data were collected. Cohort B: same data were collected, but no DEXA).

P < 0.001 versus females.

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