| Characteristic . | Manual (M) . | Robotic 30 (R30) . | Robotic 60 (R60) . | M vs. R30, P value . | M vs. R60, P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient | |||||
| Age (years) | 64.6 ± 10.6 | 59.3 ± 9.7 | 60.6 8.3 | 0.76 | 0.89 |
| AF duration (months) | 41.8 ± 34.6 | 39.4 ± 29.9 | 59.9 ± 53.8 | 0.86 | 0.18 |
| No. of failed AADs | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.33 ± 0.5 | 0.92 | 0.98 |
| CAD (%) | 11.1 | 9.1 | 11.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Hypertension (%) | 55.6 | 27.3 | 33.3 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
| Diabetes (%) | 22.2 | 0.0 | 11.1 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
| LVEF (%) | 52.0 ± 7.5 | 56.2 ± 6.4 | 56.4 ± 7.5 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
| LA size (mm) | 38.0 ± 5.8 | 42.7 ± 7.9 | 42.5 ± 6.6 | 0.14 | 0.17 |
| Procedural | |||||
| Procedure time (min) | 224:48 ± 55:49 | 222:13 ± 26:14 | 233:17 ± 30:21 | 0.92 | 0.73 |
| Fluoroscopy time (min) | 55:29 ± 18:24 | 48:25 ± 9:34 | 46:06 ± 8:19 | 0.65 | 0.72 |
| General anaesthesia vs. sedation | 5/5 | 6/4 | 7/3 | 0.79 | 0.48 |
| No. of lesions in CPVA | 48.7 | 60.2 | 57.0 | 0.13 | 0.19 |
| Additional RF to achieve PVI (min) | 17:06 ± 10:33 | 16:30 ± 10:16 | 17:53 ± 10:14 | 0.93 | 0.94 |
| Total RF time (min) | 56:05 ± 11:39 | 46:13 ± 15:02 | 79:22 ± 12:44 | 0.19 | *0.003 |
| Major complications | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.32 | 1.0 |
| Minor complication | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.32 | 1.0 |
| Freedom from AF (%) | 60 | 50 | 80 | 0.66 | 0.34 |
| Characteristic . | Manual (M) . | Robotic 30 (R30) . | Robotic 60 (R60) . | M vs. R30, P value . | M vs. R60, P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient | |||||
| Age (years) | 64.6 ± 10.6 | 59.3 ± 9.7 | 60.6 8.3 | 0.76 | 0.89 |
| AF duration (months) | 41.8 ± 34.6 | 39.4 ± 29.9 | 59.9 ± 53.8 | 0.86 | 0.18 |
| No. of failed AADs | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.33 ± 0.5 | 0.92 | 0.98 |
| CAD (%) | 11.1 | 9.1 | 11.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Hypertension (%) | 55.6 | 27.3 | 33.3 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
| Diabetes (%) | 22.2 | 0.0 | 11.1 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
| LVEF (%) | 52.0 ± 7.5 | 56.2 ± 6.4 | 56.4 ± 7.5 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
| LA size (mm) | 38.0 ± 5.8 | 42.7 ± 7.9 | 42.5 ± 6.6 | 0.14 | 0.17 |
| Procedural | |||||
| Procedure time (min) | 224:48 ± 55:49 | 222:13 ± 26:14 | 233:17 ± 30:21 | 0.92 | 0.73 |
| Fluoroscopy time (min) | 55:29 ± 18:24 | 48:25 ± 9:34 | 46:06 ± 8:19 | 0.65 | 0.72 |
| General anaesthesia vs. sedation | 5/5 | 6/4 | 7/3 | 0.79 | 0.48 |
| No. of lesions in CPVA | 48.7 | 60.2 | 57.0 | 0.13 | 0.19 |
| Additional RF to achieve PVI (min) | 17:06 ± 10:33 | 16:30 ± 10:16 | 17:53 ± 10:14 | 0.93 | 0.94 |
| Total RF time (min) | 56:05 ± 11:39 | 46:13 ± 15:02 | 79:22 ± 12:44 | 0.19 | *0.003 |
| Major complications | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.32 | 1.0 |
| Minor complication | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.32 | 1.0 |
| Freedom from AF (%) | 60 | 50 | 80 | 0.66 | 0.34 |
*P values comparing between groups using T-tests for normally distributed variables and χ2 tests for binary variables.
| Characteristic . | Manual (M) . | Robotic 30 (R30) . | Robotic 60 (R60) . | M vs. R30, P value . | M vs. R60, P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient | |||||
| Age (years) | 64.6 ± 10.6 | 59.3 ± 9.7 | 60.6 8.3 | 0.76 | 0.89 |
| AF duration (months) | 41.8 ± 34.6 | 39.4 ± 29.9 | 59.9 ± 53.8 | 0.86 | 0.18 |
| No. of failed AADs | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.33 ± 0.5 | 0.92 | 0.98 |
| CAD (%) | 11.1 | 9.1 | 11.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Hypertension (%) | 55.6 | 27.3 | 33.3 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
| Diabetes (%) | 22.2 | 0.0 | 11.1 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
| LVEF (%) | 52.0 ± 7.5 | 56.2 ± 6.4 | 56.4 ± 7.5 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
| LA size (mm) | 38.0 ± 5.8 | 42.7 ± 7.9 | 42.5 ± 6.6 | 0.14 | 0.17 |
| Procedural | |||||
| Procedure time (min) | 224:48 ± 55:49 | 222:13 ± 26:14 | 233:17 ± 30:21 | 0.92 | 0.73 |
| Fluoroscopy time (min) | 55:29 ± 18:24 | 48:25 ± 9:34 | 46:06 ± 8:19 | 0.65 | 0.72 |
| General anaesthesia vs. sedation | 5/5 | 6/4 | 7/3 | 0.79 | 0.48 |
| No. of lesions in CPVA | 48.7 | 60.2 | 57.0 | 0.13 | 0.19 |
| Additional RF to achieve PVI (min) | 17:06 ± 10:33 | 16:30 ± 10:16 | 17:53 ± 10:14 | 0.93 | 0.94 |
| Total RF time (min) | 56:05 ± 11:39 | 46:13 ± 15:02 | 79:22 ± 12:44 | 0.19 | *0.003 |
| Major complications | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.32 | 1.0 |
| Minor complication | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.32 | 1.0 |
| Freedom from AF (%) | 60 | 50 | 80 | 0.66 | 0.34 |
| Characteristic . | Manual (M) . | Robotic 30 (R30) . | Robotic 60 (R60) . | M vs. R30, P value . | M vs. R60, P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient | |||||
| Age (years) | 64.6 ± 10.6 | 59.3 ± 9.7 | 60.6 8.3 | 0.76 | 0.89 |
| AF duration (months) | 41.8 ± 34.6 | 39.4 ± 29.9 | 59.9 ± 53.8 | 0.86 | 0.18 |
| No. of failed AADs | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.33 ± 0.5 | 0.92 | 0.98 |
| CAD (%) | 11.1 | 9.1 | 11.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Hypertension (%) | 55.6 | 27.3 | 33.3 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
| Diabetes (%) | 22.2 | 0.0 | 11.1 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
| LVEF (%) | 52.0 ± 7.5 | 56.2 ± 6.4 | 56.4 ± 7.5 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
| LA size (mm) | 38.0 ± 5.8 | 42.7 ± 7.9 | 42.5 ± 6.6 | 0.14 | 0.17 |
| Procedural | |||||
| Procedure time (min) | 224:48 ± 55:49 | 222:13 ± 26:14 | 233:17 ± 30:21 | 0.92 | 0.73 |
| Fluoroscopy time (min) | 55:29 ± 18:24 | 48:25 ± 9:34 | 46:06 ± 8:19 | 0.65 | 0.72 |
| General anaesthesia vs. sedation | 5/5 | 6/4 | 7/3 | 0.79 | 0.48 |
| No. of lesions in CPVA | 48.7 | 60.2 | 57.0 | 0.13 | 0.19 |
| Additional RF to achieve PVI (min) | 17:06 ± 10:33 | 16:30 ± 10:16 | 17:53 ± 10:14 | 0.93 | 0.94 |
| Total RF time (min) | 56:05 ± 11:39 | 46:13 ± 15:02 | 79:22 ± 12:44 | 0.19 | *0.003 |
| Major complications | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.32 | 1.0 |
| Minor complication | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.32 | 1.0 |
| Freedom from AF (%) | 60 | 50 | 80 | 0.66 | 0.34 |
*P values comparing between groups using T-tests for normally distributed variables and χ2 tests for binary variables.
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