Table 2. Open in new tab Basic and...

Characteristics	Cognitive Function	P	Mood	P
No. of participants	311	624		166	931
Examination score, median (range)	25 (13, 26)	29 (27, 30)	<.001	7 (6, 14)	2 (0, 5)	<.001
Basic parameters
Age, mean (SD), y	73.7 (7.0)	70.6 (6.9)	<.001	72.7 (7.6)	71.7 (7.0)	.09
Gender (male), n (%)	136 (43.7)	300 (48.1)	.21	67 (40.4)	448 (48.1)	.07
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m²	23.2 (3.2)	23.1 (3.0)	.58	23.0 (3.2)	23.1 (3.0)	.49
Education (≥13 y), n (%)	60 (19.3)	206 (33.0)	<.001	32 (19.3)	264 (28.4)	.015
Household income (≥ 4 million Japanese yen/y), n (%)	97 (35.0)	276 (46.6)	.001	53 (35.6)	388 (45.0)	.033
Night-shift work history, n (%)	28 (9.4)	38 (6.3)	.08	8 (5.4)	63 (7.3)	.42
Circadian rhythm parameters
Daytime physical activity, mean (SD), count/min	295.4 (103.8)	301.3 (103.2)	.41	285.0 (104.7)	300.1 (103.1)	.08
Bedtime, mean (SD), clock time	22:12 (1:08)	22:38 (1:10)	<.001	22:16 (1:13)	22:31 (1:10)	.015
Duration in bed (scotoperiod), mean (SD), min	514.8 (76.9)	487.5 (75.3)	<.001	511.6 (86.6)	495.5 (75.0)	.013
Day length (photoperiod), median (IQR), min	658 (630, 686)	651 (623, 681)	.10	654 (614, 681)	653 (623, 682)	.64
Nighttime light levels (average ≥ 5 lux), n (%)	63 (20.4)	109 (17.6)	.30	42 (25.5)	167 (18.1)	.027

Characteristics

Cognitive Function

Mood

Impaired (MMSE ≤ 26)

Preserved (MMSE ≥ 27)

Depressed (GDS ≥ 6)

Non-Depressed (GDS ≤ 5)

No. of participants

311

624

166

931

Examination score, median (range)

25 (13, 26)

29 (27, 30)

<.001

7 (6, 14)

2 (0, 5)

<.001

Basic parameters

Age, mean (SD), y

73.7 (7.0)

70.6 (6.9)

<.001

72.7 (7.6)

71.7 (7.0)

.09

Gender (male), n (%)

136 (43.7)

300 (48.1)

.21

67 (40.4)

448 (48.1)

.07

BMI, mean (SD), kg/m²

23.2 (3.2)

23.1 (3.0)

.58

23.0 (3.2)

23.1 (3.0)

.49

Education (≥13 y), n (%)

60 (19.3)

206 (33.0)

<.001

32 (19.3)

264 (28.4)

.015

Household income (≥ 4 million Japanese yen/y), n (%)

97 (35.0)

276 (46.6)

.001

53 (35.6)

388 (45.0)

.033

Night-shift work history, n (%)

28 (9.4)

38 (6.3)

.08

8 (5.4)

63 (7.3)

.42

Circadian rhythm parameters

Daytime physical activity, mean (SD), count/min

295.4 (103.8)

301.3 (103.2)

.41

285.0 (104.7)

300.1 (103.1)

.08

Bedtime, mean (SD), clock time

22:12 (1:08)

22:38 (1:10)

<.001

22:16 (1:13)

22:31 (1:10)

.015

Duration in bed (scotoperiod), mean (SD), min

514.8 (76.9)

487.5 (75.3)

<.001

511.6 (86.6)

495.5 (75.0)

.013

Day length (photoperiod), median (IQR), min

658 (630, 686)

651 (623, 681)

.10

654 (614, 681)

653 (623, 682)

.64

Nighttime light levels (average ≥ 5 lux), n (%)

63 (20.4)

109 (17.6)

.30

42 (25.5)

167 (18.1)

.027

Characteristics	Cognitive Function	P	Mood	P
No. of participants	311	624		166	931
Examination score, median (range)	25 (13, 26)	29 (27, 30)	<.001	7 (6, 14)	2 (0, 5)	<.001
Basic parameters
Age, mean (SD), y	73.7 (7.0)	70.6 (6.9)	<.001	72.7 (7.6)	71.7 (7.0)	.09
Gender (male), n (%)	136 (43.7)	300 (48.1)	.21	67 (40.4)	448 (48.1)	.07
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m²	23.2 (3.2)	23.1 (3.0)	.58	23.0 (3.2)	23.1 (3.0)	.49
Education (≥13 y), n (%)	60 (19.3)	206 (33.0)	<.001	32 (19.3)	264 (28.4)	.015
Household income (≥ 4 million Japanese yen/y), n (%)	97 (35.0)	276 (46.6)	.001	53 (35.6)	388 (45.0)	.033
Night-shift work history, n (%)	28 (9.4)	38 (6.3)	.08	8 (5.4)	63 (7.3)	.42
Circadian rhythm parameters
Daytime physical activity, mean (SD), count/min	295.4 (103.8)	301.3 (103.2)	.41	285.0 (104.7)	300.1 (103.1)	.08
Bedtime, mean (SD), clock time	22:12 (1:08)	22:38 (1:10)	<.001	22:16 (1:13)	22:31 (1:10)	.015
Duration in bed (scotoperiod), mean (SD), min	514.8 (76.9)	487.5 (75.3)	<.001	511.6 (86.6)	495.5 (75.0)	.013
Day length (photoperiod), median (IQR), min	658 (630, 686)	651 (623, 681)	.10	654 (614, 681)	653 (623, 682)	.64
Nighttime light levels (average ≥ 5 lux), n (%)	63 (20.4)	109 (17.6)	.30	42 (25.5)	167 (18.1)	.027

Table 2.

Open in new tab

Basic and Circadian Rhythm Parameters by Cognitive and Mood Status

Characteristics	Cognitive Function		P	Mood		P
Characteristics	Impaired (MMSE ≤ 26)	Preserved (MMSE ≥ 27)	P	Depressed (GDS ≥ 6)	Non-Depressed (GDS ≤ 5)	P
No. of participants	311	624		166	931
Examination score, median (range)	25 (13, 26)	29 (27, 30)	<.001	7 (6, 14)	2 (0, 5)	<.001
Basic parameters
Age, mean (SD), y	73.7 (7.0)	70.6 (6.9)	<.001	72.7 (7.6)	71.7 (7.0)	.09
Gender (male), n (%)	136 (43.7)	300 (48.1)	.21	67 (40.4)	448 (48.1)	.07
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m²	23.2 (3.2)	23.1 (3.0)	.58	23.0 (3.2)	23.1 (3.0)	.49
Education (≥13 y), n (%)	60 (19.3)	206 (33.0)	<.001	32 (19.3)	264 (28.4)	.015
Household income (≥ 4 million Japanese yen/y), n (%)	97 (35.0)	276 (46.6)	.001	53 (35.6)	388 (45.0)	.033
Night-shift work history, n (%)	28 (9.4)	38 (6.3)	.08	8 (5.4)	63 (7.3)	.42
Circadian rhythm parameters
Daytime physical activity, mean (SD), count/min	295.4 (103.8)	301.3 (103.2)	.41	285.0 (104.7)	300.1 (103.1)	.08
Bedtime, mean (SD), clock time	22:12 (1:08)	22:38 (1:10)	<.001	22:16 (1:13)	22:31 (1:10)	.015
Duration in bed (scotoperiod), mean (SD), min	514.8 (76.9)	487.5 (75.3)	<.001	511.6 (86.6)	495.5 (75.0)	.013
Day length (photoperiod), median (IQR), min	658 (630, 686)	651 (623, 681)	.10	654 (614, 681)	653 (623, 682)	.64
Nighttime light levels (average ≥ 5 lux), n (%)	63 (20.4)	109 (17.6)	.30	42 (25.5)	167 (18.1)	.027

Characteristics	Cognitive Function		P	Mood		P
Characteristics	Impaired (MMSE ≤ 26)	Preserved (MMSE ≥ 27)	P	Depressed (GDS ≥ 6)	Non-Depressed (GDS ≤ 5)	P
No. of participants	311	624		166	931
Examination score, median (range)	25 (13, 26)	29 (27, 30)	<.001	7 (6, 14)	2 (0, 5)	<.001
Basic parameters
Age, mean (SD), y	73.7 (7.0)	70.6 (6.9)	<.001	72.7 (7.6)	71.7 (7.0)	.09
Gender (male), n (%)	136 (43.7)	300 (48.1)	.21	67 (40.4)	448 (48.1)	.07
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m²	23.2 (3.2)	23.1 (3.0)	.58	23.0 (3.2)	23.1 (3.0)	.49
Education (≥13 y), n (%)	60 (19.3)	206 (33.0)	<.001	32 (19.3)	264 (28.4)	.015
Household income (≥ 4 million Japanese yen/y), n (%)	97 (35.0)	276 (46.6)	.001	53 (35.6)	388 (45.0)	.033
Night-shift work history, n (%)	28 (9.4)	38 (6.3)	.08	8 (5.4)	63 (7.3)	.42
Circadian rhythm parameters
Daytime physical activity, mean (SD), count/min	295.4 (103.8)	301.3 (103.2)	.41	285.0 (104.7)	300.1 (103.1)	.08
Bedtime, mean (SD), clock time	22:12 (1:08)	22:38 (1:10)	<.001	22:16 (1:13)	22:31 (1:10)	.015
Duration in bed (scotoperiod), mean (SD), min	514.8 (76.9)	487.5 (75.3)	<.001	511.6 (86.6)	495.5 (75.0)	.013
Day length (photoperiod), median (IQR), min	658 (630, 686)	651 (623, 681)	.10	654 (614, 681)	653 (623, 682)	.64
Nighttime light levels (average ≥ 5 lux), n (%)	63 (20.4)	109 (17.6)	.30	42 (25.5)	167 (18.1)	.027

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