| First author, year . | Enrolment period . | Ablation procedure . | Catheter type . | Mean follow-up (months) . | Blanking period (months) . | Use of AAD . | Follow-up year 1 . | Follow-up after year 1 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kilicaslan, 200613 | 2002–04 | PVAI (ICE guided) + SVC ablation | 8 mm, non-irrigated | 11.4 | 2 | ✓ | Clinic visit and 48-h Holter monitor at 3, 6, and 12 months and CER during the first 3 months (if early recurrence, extended by another 3 months) | Every 6 months |
| Gaita, 200714 | 2002–05 | PVI (segmental) + linear ablation | 4 mm, irrigated | 19 | 1 | ✓ | Clinical evaluation, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, and 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months | Clinical evaluation, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, and 24-h Holter monitoring every 6 months |
| Bunch, 200815 | 1999–2006 | CPVI (n = 8) or WACA + linear ablation (n = 25) | 4–5, 8 mm non-irrigated or 3.5 mm irrigated | 18 | 3 | ✓ | – | |
| Lu, 200916 | 2006–08 | CPVI (EAM guided) + linear ablation and CFAE in persistent AF | – | 14 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG and 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, and 6 months, and 12-lead ECG when palpitation reported | 12-Lead ECG when palpitation reported |
| Di Donna, 201017 | 2001–08 | CPVI + linear ablation (EAM or fluoroscopic guided) | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 29 | 1 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG and 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months | Telephone contact, clinic visits, and/or communication with the patient's primary referring physician every 6 months |
| Derejko, 201318 | 2008–11 | CPVI + CTI + linear ablation and CFAE in NPAF | Irrigated | 22.8 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG, and Holter monitoring at 4 weeks and then every 3–6 months and when palpitation reported | |
| Santangeli, 201319 | – | PVAI + SVC ablation and CFAE in NPAF | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 42 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG, and 7-day Holter monitoring at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and CER during the first 5 months | 12-Lead ECG, and 7-day Holter monitoring every 6 months |
| Yan, 201320 | 2006–11 | CPVI + linear ablation and CFAE in persistent AF | – | 36 | 3 | ✗ | Telephone contact at 3, 6, and 12 months | Telephone contact every 6 months |
| Zhou, 201321 | 2005–12 | CPVI (EAM guided) and linear ablation + CFAE in NPAF | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 36 | 1 | ✗ | 24-h Holter monitoring at 1 and 7 days, and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months | Telephone contact, clinic visits, and 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring when palpitation reported |
| Hayashi, 201422 | 2006–12 | CPVI (EAM guided) + linear ablation | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 29 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG every month and CER during the first 4 months | 12-Lead ECG every 2 or 3 months and a 24-h Holter monitoring every 12 months |
| Mussigbrodt, 201423 | 2009–12 | CPVI | Irrigated | – | 3 | ✓ | Clinic visit and 7-day Holter monitor at 6, 12, and 24 months and advise the patients to contact hospital themselves or through their family physicians in case of any symptom recurrence | |
| Okamatsu, 201424 | 2009–12 | CPVI (EAM guided) + linear ablation at the operator's discretion | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 21 | 2 | ✗ | 12-Lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring, and assessment of the current condition every 1–3 months in the outpatient clinic | |
| Liu, 201425 | 2006–13 | CPVI + linear ablation in persistent AF | – | 14.8 | 3 | ✗ | Telephone contact, clinic visits every week in the first month, every month afterwards, and 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months | Telephone contact, clinic visits, and 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring every month |
| Bassiouny, 201526 | 2004–13 | PVI (fluoroscopic and 3D navigation system guided) + linear ablation at electrophysiologists’ discretion | 8-mm or 3.5-mm irrigated-tip | 35 | 3 | ✓ | Weekly follow-up telephone calls and transtelephonic ECG transmissions were conducted in the first 4–6 months and 24- to 48-h Holter monitoring at 4–6 months and then every 6 months thereafter, with earlier visits if symptoms develop | |
| Contreras-Valdes, 201527 | 2006–12 | PVI (ICE guided) | – | 54 | – | ✓ | – | |
| First author, year . | Enrolment period . | Ablation procedure . | Catheter type . | Mean follow-up (months) . | Blanking period (months) . | Use of AAD . | Follow-up year 1 . | Follow-up after year 1 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kilicaslan, 200613 | 2002–04 | PVAI (ICE guided) + SVC ablation | 8 mm, non-irrigated | 11.4 | 2 | ✓ | Clinic visit and 48-h Holter monitor at 3, 6, and 12 months and CER during the first 3 months (if early recurrence, extended by another 3 months) | Every 6 months |
| Gaita, 200714 | 2002–05 | PVI (segmental) + linear ablation | 4 mm, irrigated | 19 | 1 | ✓ | Clinical evaluation, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, and 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months | Clinical evaluation, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, and 24-h Holter monitoring every 6 months |
| Bunch, 200815 | 1999–2006 | CPVI (n = 8) or WACA + linear ablation (n = 25) | 4–5, 8 mm non-irrigated or 3.5 mm irrigated | 18 | 3 | ✓ | – | |
| Lu, 200916 | 2006–08 | CPVI (EAM guided) + linear ablation and CFAE in persistent AF | – | 14 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG and 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, and 6 months, and 12-lead ECG when palpitation reported | 12-Lead ECG when palpitation reported |
| Di Donna, 201017 | 2001–08 | CPVI + linear ablation (EAM or fluoroscopic guided) | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 29 | 1 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG and 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months | Telephone contact, clinic visits, and/or communication with the patient's primary referring physician every 6 months |
| Derejko, 201318 | 2008–11 | CPVI + CTI + linear ablation and CFAE in NPAF | Irrigated | 22.8 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG, and Holter monitoring at 4 weeks and then every 3–6 months and when palpitation reported | |
| Santangeli, 201319 | – | PVAI + SVC ablation and CFAE in NPAF | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 42 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG, and 7-day Holter monitoring at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and CER during the first 5 months | 12-Lead ECG, and 7-day Holter monitoring every 6 months |
| Yan, 201320 | 2006–11 | CPVI + linear ablation and CFAE in persistent AF | – | 36 | 3 | ✗ | Telephone contact at 3, 6, and 12 months | Telephone contact every 6 months |
| Zhou, 201321 | 2005–12 | CPVI (EAM guided) and linear ablation + CFAE in NPAF | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 36 | 1 | ✗ | 24-h Holter monitoring at 1 and 7 days, and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months | Telephone contact, clinic visits, and 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring when palpitation reported |
| Hayashi, 201422 | 2006–12 | CPVI (EAM guided) + linear ablation | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 29 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG every month and CER during the first 4 months | 12-Lead ECG every 2 or 3 months and a 24-h Holter monitoring every 12 months |
| Mussigbrodt, 201423 | 2009–12 | CPVI | Irrigated | – | 3 | ✓ | Clinic visit and 7-day Holter monitor at 6, 12, and 24 months and advise the patients to contact hospital themselves or through their family physicians in case of any symptom recurrence | |
| Okamatsu, 201424 | 2009–12 | CPVI (EAM guided) + linear ablation at the operator's discretion | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 21 | 2 | ✗ | 12-Lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring, and assessment of the current condition every 1–3 months in the outpatient clinic | |
| Liu, 201425 | 2006–13 | CPVI + linear ablation in persistent AF | – | 14.8 | 3 | ✗ | Telephone contact, clinic visits every week in the first month, every month afterwards, and 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months | Telephone contact, clinic visits, and 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring every month |
| Bassiouny, 201526 | 2004–13 | PVI (fluoroscopic and 3D navigation system guided) + linear ablation at electrophysiologists’ discretion | 8-mm or 3.5-mm irrigated-tip | 35 | 3 | ✓ | Weekly follow-up telephone calls and transtelephonic ECG transmissions were conducted in the first 4–6 months and 24- to 48-h Holter monitoring at 4–6 months and then every 6 months thereafter, with earlier visits if symptoms develop | |
| Contreras-Valdes, 201527 | 2006–12 | PVI (ICE guided) | – | 54 | – | ✓ | – | |
✗ signifies that this approach not used and ✓ that this approach was used in the study; – signifies the data that the study did not report.
AF, atrial fibrillation; NPAF, non-paroxysmal AF; AAD, anti-arrhythmic drug; PVAI, pulmonary vein antral isolation; ICE, intracardiac echocardiography; SVC, superior vena cava; CER, cardiac event recorder; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation; CPVI, circumferential pulmonary vein isolation; EAM, electroanatomic mapping; WACA, wide area circumferential ablation; CFAE, complex fractionated atrial electrogram; CTI, cavotricuspid isthmus.
| First author, year . | Enrolment period . | Ablation procedure . | Catheter type . | Mean follow-up (months) . | Blanking period (months) . | Use of AAD . | Follow-up year 1 . | Follow-up after year 1 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kilicaslan, 200613 | 2002–04 | PVAI (ICE guided) + SVC ablation | 8 mm, non-irrigated | 11.4 | 2 | ✓ | Clinic visit and 48-h Holter monitor at 3, 6, and 12 months and CER during the first 3 months (if early recurrence, extended by another 3 months) | Every 6 months |
| Gaita, 200714 | 2002–05 | PVI (segmental) + linear ablation | 4 mm, irrigated | 19 | 1 | ✓ | Clinical evaluation, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, and 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months | Clinical evaluation, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, and 24-h Holter monitoring every 6 months |
| Bunch, 200815 | 1999–2006 | CPVI (n = 8) or WACA + linear ablation (n = 25) | 4–5, 8 mm non-irrigated or 3.5 mm irrigated | 18 | 3 | ✓ | – | |
| Lu, 200916 | 2006–08 | CPVI (EAM guided) + linear ablation and CFAE in persistent AF | – | 14 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG and 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, and 6 months, and 12-lead ECG when palpitation reported | 12-Lead ECG when palpitation reported |
| Di Donna, 201017 | 2001–08 | CPVI + linear ablation (EAM or fluoroscopic guided) | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 29 | 1 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG and 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months | Telephone contact, clinic visits, and/or communication with the patient's primary referring physician every 6 months |
| Derejko, 201318 | 2008–11 | CPVI + CTI + linear ablation and CFAE in NPAF | Irrigated | 22.8 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG, and Holter monitoring at 4 weeks and then every 3–6 months and when palpitation reported | |
| Santangeli, 201319 | – | PVAI + SVC ablation and CFAE in NPAF | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 42 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG, and 7-day Holter monitoring at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and CER during the first 5 months | 12-Lead ECG, and 7-day Holter monitoring every 6 months |
| Yan, 201320 | 2006–11 | CPVI + linear ablation and CFAE in persistent AF | – | 36 | 3 | ✗ | Telephone contact at 3, 6, and 12 months | Telephone contact every 6 months |
| Zhou, 201321 | 2005–12 | CPVI (EAM guided) and linear ablation + CFAE in NPAF | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 36 | 1 | ✗ | 24-h Holter monitoring at 1 and 7 days, and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months | Telephone contact, clinic visits, and 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring when palpitation reported |
| Hayashi, 201422 | 2006–12 | CPVI (EAM guided) + linear ablation | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 29 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG every month and CER during the first 4 months | 12-Lead ECG every 2 or 3 months and a 24-h Holter monitoring every 12 months |
| Mussigbrodt, 201423 | 2009–12 | CPVI | Irrigated | – | 3 | ✓ | Clinic visit and 7-day Holter monitor at 6, 12, and 24 months and advise the patients to contact hospital themselves or through their family physicians in case of any symptom recurrence | |
| Okamatsu, 201424 | 2009–12 | CPVI (EAM guided) + linear ablation at the operator's discretion | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 21 | 2 | ✗ | 12-Lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring, and assessment of the current condition every 1–3 months in the outpatient clinic | |
| Liu, 201425 | 2006–13 | CPVI + linear ablation in persistent AF | – | 14.8 | 3 | ✗ | Telephone contact, clinic visits every week in the first month, every month afterwards, and 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months | Telephone contact, clinic visits, and 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring every month |
| Bassiouny, 201526 | 2004–13 | PVI (fluoroscopic and 3D navigation system guided) + linear ablation at electrophysiologists’ discretion | 8-mm or 3.5-mm irrigated-tip | 35 | 3 | ✓ | Weekly follow-up telephone calls and transtelephonic ECG transmissions were conducted in the first 4–6 months and 24- to 48-h Holter monitoring at 4–6 months and then every 6 months thereafter, with earlier visits if symptoms develop | |
| Contreras-Valdes, 201527 | 2006–12 | PVI (ICE guided) | – | 54 | – | ✓ | – | |
| First author, year . | Enrolment period . | Ablation procedure . | Catheter type . | Mean follow-up (months) . | Blanking period (months) . | Use of AAD . | Follow-up year 1 . | Follow-up after year 1 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kilicaslan, 200613 | 2002–04 | PVAI (ICE guided) + SVC ablation | 8 mm, non-irrigated | 11.4 | 2 | ✓ | Clinic visit and 48-h Holter monitor at 3, 6, and 12 months and CER during the first 3 months (if early recurrence, extended by another 3 months) | Every 6 months |
| Gaita, 200714 | 2002–05 | PVI (segmental) + linear ablation | 4 mm, irrigated | 19 | 1 | ✓ | Clinical evaluation, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, and 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months | Clinical evaluation, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, and 24-h Holter monitoring every 6 months |
| Bunch, 200815 | 1999–2006 | CPVI (n = 8) or WACA + linear ablation (n = 25) | 4–5, 8 mm non-irrigated or 3.5 mm irrigated | 18 | 3 | ✓ | – | |
| Lu, 200916 | 2006–08 | CPVI (EAM guided) + linear ablation and CFAE in persistent AF | – | 14 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG and 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, and 6 months, and 12-lead ECG when palpitation reported | 12-Lead ECG when palpitation reported |
| Di Donna, 201017 | 2001–08 | CPVI + linear ablation (EAM or fluoroscopic guided) | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 29 | 1 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG and 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months | Telephone contact, clinic visits, and/or communication with the patient's primary referring physician every 6 months |
| Derejko, 201318 | 2008–11 | CPVI + CTI + linear ablation and CFAE in NPAF | Irrigated | 22.8 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG, and Holter monitoring at 4 weeks and then every 3–6 months and when palpitation reported | |
| Santangeli, 201319 | – | PVAI + SVC ablation and CFAE in NPAF | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 42 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG, and 7-day Holter monitoring at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and CER during the first 5 months | 12-Lead ECG, and 7-day Holter monitoring every 6 months |
| Yan, 201320 | 2006–11 | CPVI + linear ablation and CFAE in persistent AF | – | 36 | 3 | ✗ | Telephone contact at 3, 6, and 12 months | Telephone contact every 6 months |
| Zhou, 201321 | 2005–12 | CPVI (EAM guided) and linear ablation + CFAE in NPAF | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 36 | 1 | ✗ | 24-h Holter monitoring at 1 and 7 days, and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months | Telephone contact, clinic visits, and 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring when palpitation reported |
| Hayashi, 201422 | 2006–12 | CPVI (EAM guided) + linear ablation | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 29 | 3 | ✓ | 12-Lead ECG every month and CER during the first 4 months | 12-Lead ECG every 2 or 3 months and a 24-h Holter monitoring every 12 months |
| Mussigbrodt, 201423 | 2009–12 | CPVI | Irrigated | – | 3 | ✓ | Clinic visit and 7-day Holter monitor at 6, 12, and 24 months and advise the patients to contact hospital themselves or through their family physicians in case of any symptom recurrence | |
| Okamatsu, 201424 | 2009–12 | CPVI (EAM guided) + linear ablation at the operator's discretion | 3.5 mm, irrigated | 21 | 2 | ✗ | 12-Lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring, and assessment of the current condition every 1–3 months in the outpatient clinic | |
| Liu, 201425 | 2006–13 | CPVI + linear ablation in persistent AF | – | 14.8 | 3 | ✗ | Telephone contact, clinic visits every week in the first month, every month afterwards, and 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months | Telephone contact, clinic visits, and 12-lead ECG, 24-h Holter monitoring every month |
| Bassiouny, 201526 | 2004–13 | PVI (fluoroscopic and 3D navigation system guided) + linear ablation at electrophysiologists’ discretion | 8-mm or 3.5-mm irrigated-tip | 35 | 3 | ✓ | Weekly follow-up telephone calls and transtelephonic ECG transmissions were conducted in the first 4–6 months and 24- to 48-h Holter monitoring at 4–6 months and then every 6 months thereafter, with earlier visits if symptoms develop | |
| Contreras-Valdes, 201527 | 2006–12 | PVI (ICE guided) | – | 54 | – | ✓ | – | |
✗ signifies that this approach not used and ✓ that this approach was used in the study; – signifies the data that the study did not report.
AF, atrial fibrillation; NPAF, non-paroxysmal AF; AAD, anti-arrhythmic drug; PVAI, pulmonary vein antral isolation; ICE, intracardiac echocardiography; SVC, superior vena cava; CER, cardiac event recorder; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation; CPVI, circumferential pulmonary vein isolation; EAM, electroanatomic mapping; WACA, wide area circumferential ablation; CFAE, complex fractionated atrial electrogram; CTI, cavotricuspid isthmus.
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