Descriptive Characteristics of Subjects With Medically Attended Acute Respiratory Illness, by Influenza Vaccination Status
| Characteristic . | Vaccinateda (n = 2828) . | Unvaccinated (n = 2809) . | P Valueb . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site | <.001 | ||
| Michigan | 359 (47) | 400 (53) | |
| Pennsylvania | 452 (41) | 657 (59) | |
| Texas | 420 (44) | 536 (56) | |
| Washington | 966 (62) | 584 (38) | |
| Wisconsin | 631 (50) | 632 (50) | |
| Age | <.001 | ||
| 6 mo–8 y | 574 (51) | 551 (49) | |
| 9–17 y | 250 (40) | 375 (60) | |
| 18–49 y | 843 (39) | 1325 (61) | |
| 50–64 y | 656 (60) | 440 (40) | |
| ≥65 y | 505 (81) | 118 (19) | |
| Male sex | 1138 (48) | 1229 (52) | .008 |
| Race/ethnicityc | <.001 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 2247 (52) | 2083 (48) | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 145 (36) | 262 (64) | |
| Hispanic | 194 (45) | 240 (55) | |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 239 (52) | 217 (48) | |
| High-risk condition | <.001 | ||
| Any | 1337 (62) | 828 (38) | |
| Asthma/pulmonary | 665 (61) | 422 (39) | |
| Cardiovascular | 456 (75) | 156 (25) | |
| Diabetes | 301 (73) | 109 (27) | |
| Morbid obesityd | 207 (50) | 206 (50) | |
| Other | 496 (73) | 188 (27) | |
| Interval from illness onset to enrollment | <.001 | ||
| 0–2 d | 830 (46) | 978 (54) | |
| 3–4 d | 1067 (50) | 1060 (50) | |
| 5–7 d | 931 (55) | 771 (45) | |
| Reported general health statuse | <.001 | ||
| Excellent/very good | 1905 (48) | 2046 (52) | |
| Good | 702 (54) | 599 (46) | |
| Fair/poor | 219 (58) | 162 (43) | |
| Self/household exposure to smoke | 322 (38) | 525 (62) | <.001 |
| Children ages <12 y in household, no.f | <.001 | ||
| 0 | 1574 (53) | 1403 (47) | |
| 1 | 566 (49) | 595 (51) | |
| ≥2 | 688 (46) | 808 (54) | |
| Reported current health assessment, median (IQR)g | 60 (45–75) | 60 (43–75) | .037 |
| Influenza virus infection statush | <.001 | ||
| Positive | 394 (33) | 803 (67) | |
| Negative | 2434 (55) | 2006 (45) |
| Characteristic . | Vaccinateda (n = 2828) . | Unvaccinated (n = 2809) . | P Valueb . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site | <.001 | ||
| Michigan | 359 (47) | 400 (53) | |
| Pennsylvania | 452 (41) | 657 (59) | |
| Texas | 420 (44) | 536 (56) | |
| Washington | 966 (62) | 584 (38) | |
| Wisconsin | 631 (50) | 632 (50) | |
| Age | <.001 | ||
| 6 mo–8 y | 574 (51) | 551 (49) | |
| 9–17 y | 250 (40) | 375 (60) | |
| 18–49 y | 843 (39) | 1325 (61) | |
| 50–64 y | 656 (60) | 440 (40) | |
| ≥65 y | 505 (81) | 118 (19) | |
| Male sex | 1138 (48) | 1229 (52) | .008 |
| Race/ethnicityc | <.001 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 2247 (52) | 2083 (48) | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 145 (36) | 262 (64) | |
| Hispanic | 194 (45) | 240 (55) | |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 239 (52) | 217 (48) | |
| High-risk condition | <.001 | ||
| Any | 1337 (62) | 828 (38) | |
| Asthma/pulmonary | 665 (61) | 422 (39) | |
| Cardiovascular | 456 (75) | 156 (25) | |
| Diabetes | 301 (73) | 109 (27) | |
| Morbid obesityd | 207 (50) | 206 (50) | |
| Other | 496 (73) | 188 (27) | |
| Interval from illness onset to enrollment | <.001 | ||
| 0–2 d | 830 (46) | 978 (54) | |
| 3–4 d | 1067 (50) | 1060 (50) | |
| 5–7 d | 931 (55) | 771 (45) | |
| Reported general health statuse | <.001 | ||
| Excellent/very good | 1905 (48) | 2046 (52) | |
| Good | 702 (54) | 599 (46) | |
| Fair/poor | 219 (58) | 162 (43) | |
| Self/household exposure to smoke | 322 (38) | 525 (62) | <.001 |
| Children ages <12 y in household, no.f | <.001 | ||
| 0 | 1574 (53) | 1403 (47) | |
| 1 | 566 (49) | 595 (51) | |
| ≥2 | 688 (46) | 808 (54) | |
| Reported current health assessment, median (IQR)g | 60 (45–75) | 60 (43–75) | .037 |
| Influenza virus infection statush | <.001 | ||
| Positive | 394 (33) | 803 (67) | |
| Negative | 2434 (55) | 2006 (45) |
Data are no. (%) of subjects, unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
a Defined as receiving ≥1 dose of any influenza vaccine ≥14 days before illness onset. A total of 178 participants who received the vaccine <13 days before illness onset were excluded from the vaccine effectiveness analyses (Figure 1).
b The χ2 statistic was used to assess differences between the numbers of persons vaccinated and unvaccinated, with respect to the distributions of site, age group, sex, race/ethnicity, presence of any high-risk condition, interval from illness onset to enrollment, general health status, self or household exposure to smoke, number of children ages <12 years in the household, and real-time polymerase chain reaction–confirmed influenza virus infection. The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used to assess differences with respect to the distribution of the current health assessment. A P value of <.05 is statistically significant.
c Data were missing for 10 enrollees.
d Defined as a body mass index of ≥40, calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared. Data were missing for 312 enrollees.
e Data were missing for 4 enrollees.
f Data were missing for 3 enrollees.
g Possible values range from 1 (the worst) to 100 (the best). Data were missing for 6 enrollees.
h Confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Descriptive Characteristics of Subjects With Medically Attended Acute Respiratory Illness, by Influenza Vaccination Status
| Characteristic . | Vaccinateda (n = 2828) . | Unvaccinated (n = 2809) . | P Valueb . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site | <.001 | ||
| Michigan | 359 (47) | 400 (53) | |
| Pennsylvania | 452 (41) | 657 (59) | |
| Texas | 420 (44) | 536 (56) | |
| Washington | 966 (62) | 584 (38) | |
| Wisconsin | 631 (50) | 632 (50) | |
| Age | <.001 | ||
| 6 mo–8 y | 574 (51) | 551 (49) | |
| 9–17 y | 250 (40) | 375 (60) | |
| 18–49 y | 843 (39) | 1325 (61) | |
| 50–64 y | 656 (60) | 440 (40) | |
| ≥65 y | 505 (81) | 118 (19) | |
| Male sex | 1138 (48) | 1229 (52) | .008 |
| Race/ethnicityc | <.001 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 2247 (52) | 2083 (48) | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 145 (36) | 262 (64) | |
| Hispanic | 194 (45) | 240 (55) | |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 239 (52) | 217 (48) | |
| High-risk condition | <.001 | ||
| Any | 1337 (62) | 828 (38) | |
| Asthma/pulmonary | 665 (61) | 422 (39) | |
| Cardiovascular | 456 (75) | 156 (25) | |
| Diabetes | 301 (73) | 109 (27) | |
| Morbid obesityd | 207 (50) | 206 (50) | |
| Other | 496 (73) | 188 (27) | |
| Interval from illness onset to enrollment | <.001 | ||
| 0–2 d | 830 (46) | 978 (54) | |
| 3–4 d | 1067 (50) | 1060 (50) | |
| 5–7 d | 931 (55) | 771 (45) | |
| Reported general health statuse | <.001 | ||
| Excellent/very good | 1905 (48) | 2046 (52) | |
| Good | 702 (54) | 599 (46) | |
| Fair/poor | 219 (58) | 162 (43) | |
| Self/household exposure to smoke | 322 (38) | 525 (62) | <.001 |
| Children ages <12 y in household, no.f | <.001 | ||
| 0 | 1574 (53) | 1403 (47) | |
| 1 | 566 (49) | 595 (51) | |
| ≥2 | 688 (46) | 808 (54) | |
| Reported current health assessment, median (IQR)g | 60 (45–75) | 60 (43–75) | .037 |
| Influenza virus infection statush | <.001 | ||
| Positive | 394 (33) | 803 (67) | |
| Negative | 2434 (55) | 2006 (45) |
| Characteristic . | Vaccinateda (n = 2828) . | Unvaccinated (n = 2809) . | P Valueb . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Site | <.001 | ||
| Michigan | 359 (47) | 400 (53) | |
| Pennsylvania | 452 (41) | 657 (59) | |
| Texas | 420 (44) | 536 (56) | |
| Washington | 966 (62) | 584 (38) | |
| Wisconsin | 631 (50) | 632 (50) | |
| Age | <.001 | ||
| 6 mo–8 y | 574 (51) | 551 (49) | |
| 9–17 y | 250 (40) | 375 (60) | |
| 18–49 y | 843 (39) | 1325 (61) | |
| 50–64 y | 656 (60) | 440 (40) | |
| ≥65 y | 505 (81) | 118 (19) | |
| Male sex | 1138 (48) | 1229 (52) | .008 |
| Race/ethnicityc | <.001 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 2247 (52) | 2083 (48) | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 145 (36) | 262 (64) | |
| Hispanic | 194 (45) | 240 (55) | |
| Other, non-Hispanic | 239 (52) | 217 (48) | |
| High-risk condition | <.001 | ||
| Any | 1337 (62) | 828 (38) | |
| Asthma/pulmonary | 665 (61) | 422 (39) | |
| Cardiovascular | 456 (75) | 156 (25) | |
| Diabetes | 301 (73) | 109 (27) | |
| Morbid obesityd | 207 (50) | 206 (50) | |
| Other | 496 (73) | 188 (27) | |
| Interval from illness onset to enrollment | <.001 | ||
| 0–2 d | 830 (46) | 978 (54) | |
| 3–4 d | 1067 (50) | 1060 (50) | |
| 5–7 d | 931 (55) | 771 (45) | |
| Reported general health statuse | <.001 | ||
| Excellent/very good | 1905 (48) | 2046 (52) | |
| Good | 702 (54) | 599 (46) | |
| Fair/poor | 219 (58) | 162 (43) | |
| Self/household exposure to smoke | 322 (38) | 525 (62) | <.001 |
| Children ages <12 y in household, no.f | <.001 | ||
| 0 | 1574 (53) | 1403 (47) | |
| 1 | 566 (49) | 595 (51) | |
| ≥2 | 688 (46) | 808 (54) | |
| Reported current health assessment, median (IQR)g | 60 (45–75) | 60 (43–75) | .037 |
| Influenza virus infection statush | <.001 | ||
| Positive | 394 (33) | 803 (67) | |
| Negative | 2434 (55) | 2006 (45) |
Data are no. (%) of subjects, unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviation: IQR, interquartile range.
a Defined as receiving ≥1 dose of any influenza vaccine ≥14 days before illness onset. A total of 178 participants who received the vaccine <13 days before illness onset were excluded from the vaccine effectiveness analyses (Figure 1).
b The χ2 statistic was used to assess differences between the numbers of persons vaccinated and unvaccinated, with respect to the distributions of site, age group, sex, race/ethnicity, presence of any high-risk condition, interval from illness onset to enrollment, general health status, self or household exposure to smoke, number of children ages <12 years in the household, and real-time polymerase chain reaction–confirmed influenza virus infection. The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used to assess differences with respect to the distribution of the current health assessment. A P value of <.05 is statistically significant.
c Data were missing for 10 enrollees.
d Defined as a body mass index of ≥40, calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared. Data were missing for 312 enrollees.
e Data were missing for 4 enrollees.
f Data were missing for 3 enrollees.
g Possible values range from 1 (the worst) to 100 (the best). Data were missing for 6 enrollees.
h Confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
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