Estimates of associations between maternal SES indices and inadequate prenatal care and no postnatal care: odds ratios (ORs and 95% CIs)
| Variable . | Inadequate prenatal care . | No postnatal care . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a . | Model 2b . | Model 3c . | Model 1a . | Model 2b . | Model 3c . | |
| OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | |
| Wealth index | ||||||
| First third (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Second third | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 1.24 (1.00–1.56) | 1.23 (0.98–1.54) | 1.22 (0.97–1.52) |
| Third third (highest) | 0.78 (0.66–0.92) | 0.81 (0.69–0.96) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 1.02 (0.81–1.29) | 1.03 (0.81–1.30) | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) |
| Random part | ||||||
| Village level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Township level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.37 |
| Median odds ratio | 1.52 | 1.51 | 1.48 | 8.30 | 8.45 | 5.45 |
| R2 | 0.003 | 0.053 | 0.057 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.250 |
| Occupational index | ||||||
| 1st third (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2nd third | 0.69 (0.59–0.82) | 0.76 (0.64–0.90) | 0.76 (0.64–0.89) | 0.77 (0.61–0.96) | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 0.80 (0.64–1.00) |
| 3rd third (highest) | 0.56 (0.47–0.65) | 0.67 (0.57–0.80) | 0.67 (0.57–0.80) | 0.68 (0.54–0.86) | 0.73 (0.57–0.93) | 0.74 (0.58–0.94) |
| Random part | ||||||
| Village level ICC | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Township level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.38 |
| Median odds ratio | 1.53 | 1.52 | 1.49 | 8.44 | 8.56 | 5.51 |
| R2 | 0.017 | 0.057 | 0.063 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.251 |
| Educational index | ||||||
| 1st third (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2nd third | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 1.37 (1.09–1.72) | 1.33 (1.06–1.67) | 1.32 (1.06–1.66) |
| 3rd third (highest) | 0.69 (0.58–0.81) | 0.75 (0.63–0.88) | 0.75 (0.63–0.88) | 1.22 (0.97–1.54) | 1.26 (1.00–1.59) | 1.26 (1.00–1.60) |
| Random part | ||||||
| Village level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Township level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.38 |
| Median odds ratio | 1.54 | 1.53 | 1.49 | 8.41 | 8.56 | 5.49 |
| R2 | 0.009 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.249 |
| Variable . | Inadequate prenatal care . | No postnatal care . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a . | Model 2b . | Model 3c . | Model 1a . | Model 2b . | Model 3c . | |
| OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | |
| Wealth index | ||||||
| First third (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Second third | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 1.24 (1.00–1.56) | 1.23 (0.98–1.54) | 1.22 (0.97–1.52) |
| Third third (highest) | 0.78 (0.66–0.92) | 0.81 (0.69–0.96) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 1.02 (0.81–1.29) | 1.03 (0.81–1.30) | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) |
| Random part | ||||||
| Village level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Township level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.37 |
| Median odds ratio | 1.52 | 1.51 | 1.48 | 8.30 | 8.45 | 5.45 |
| R2 | 0.003 | 0.053 | 0.057 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.250 |
| Occupational index | ||||||
| 1st third (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2nd third | 0.69 (0.59–0.82) | 0.76 (0.64–0.90) | 0.76 (0.64–0.89) | 0.77 (0.61–0.96) | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 0.80 (0.64–1.00) |
| 3rd third (highest) | 0.56 (0.47–0.65) | 0.67 (0.57–0.80) | 0.67 (0.57–0.80) | 0.68 (0.54–0.86) | 0.73 (0.57–0.93) | 0.74 (0.58–0.94) |
| Random part | ||||||
| Village level ICC | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Township level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.38 |
| Median odds ratio | 1.53 | 1.52 | 1.49 | 8.44 | 8.56 | 5.51 |
| R2 | 0.017 | 0.057 | 0.063 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.251 |
| Educational index | ||||||
| 1st third (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2nd third | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 1.37 (1.09–1.72) | 1.33 (1.06–1.67) | 1.32 (1.06–1.66) |
| 3rd third (highest) | 0.69 (0.58–0.81) | 0.75 (0.63–0.88) | 0.75 (0.63–0.88) | 1.22 (0.97–1.54) | 1.26 (1.00–1.59) | 1.26 (1.00–1.60) |
| Random part | ||||||
| Village level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Township level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.38 |
| Median odds ratio | 1.54 | 1.53 | 1.49 | 8.41 | 8.56 | 5.49 |
| R2 | 0.009 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.249 |
a: Model 1, an empty model in which each of the SES indices was separately studied in relation to each outcome.
b: Model 2 adjusted for maternal age, sex of child, parity.
c: Model 3 adjusted for maternal age, sex of child, parity, the village and township wealth indices.
ICC, Interclass correlation coefficient.
Estimates of associations between maternal SES indices and inadequate prenatal care and no postnatal care: odds ratios (ORs and 95% CIs)
| Variable . | Inadequate prenatal care . | No postnatal care . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a . | Model 2b . | Model 3c . | Model 1a . | Model 2b . | Model 3c . | |
| OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | |
| Wealth index | ||||||
| First third (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Second third | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 1.24 (1.00–1.56) | 1.23 (0.98–1.54) | 1.22 (0.97–1.52) |
| Third third (highest) | 0.78 (0.66–0.92) | 0.81 (0.69–0.96) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 1.02 (0.81–1.29) | 1.03 (0.81–1.30) | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) |
| Random part | ||||||
| Village level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Township level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.37 |
| Median odds ratio | 1.52 | 1.51 | 1.48 | 8.30 | 8.45 | 5.45 |
| R2 | 0.003 | 0.053 | 0.057 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.250 |
| Occupational index | ||||||
| 1st third (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2nd third | 0.69 (0.59–0.82) | 0.76 (0.64–0.90) | 0.76 (0.64–0.89) | 0.77 (0.61–0.96) | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 0.80 (0.64–1.00) |
| 3rd third (highest) | 0.56 (0.47–0.65) | 0.67 (0.57–0.80) | 0.67 (0.57–0.80) | 0.68 (0.54–0.86) | 0.73 (0.57–0.93) | 0.74 (0.58–0.94) |
| Random part | ||||||
| Village level ICC | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Township level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.38 |
| Median odds ratio | 1.53 | 1.52 | 1.49 | 8.44 | 8.56 | 5.51 |
| R2 | 0.017 | 0.057 | 0.063 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.251 |
| Educational index | ||||||
| 1st third (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2nd third | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 1.37 (1.09–1.72) | 1.33 (1.06–1.67) | 1.32 (1.06–1.66) |
| 3rd third (highest) | 0.69 (0.58–0.81) | 0.75 (0.63–0.88) | 0.75 (0.63–0.88) | 1.22 (0.97–1.54) | 1.26 (1.00–1.59) | 1.26 (1.00–1.60) |
| Random part | ||||||
| Village level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Township level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.38 |
| Median odds ratio | 1.54 | 1.53 | 1.49 | 8.41 | 8.56 | 5.49 |
| R2 | 0.009 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.249 |
| Variable . | Inadequate prenatal care . | No postnatal care . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a . | Model 2b . | Model 3c . | Model 1a . | Model 2b . | Model 3c . | |
| OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | OR (95% CI) . | |
| Wealth index | ||||||
| First third (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Second third | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | 0.96 (0.82–1.13) | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 1.24 (1.00–1.56) | 1.23 (0.98–1.54) | 1.22 (0.97–1.52) |
| Third third (highest) | 0.78 (0.66–0.92) | 0.81 (0.69–0.96) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) | 1.02 (0.81–1.29) | 1.03 (0.81–1.30) | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) |
| Random part | ||||||
| Village level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Township level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.37 |
| Median odds ratio | 1.52 | 1.51 | 1.48 | 8.30 | 8.45 | 5.45 |
| R2 | 0.003 | 0.053 | 0.057 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.250 |
| Occupational index | ||||||
| 1st third (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2nd third | 0.69 (0.59–0.82) | 0.76 (0.64–0.90) | 0.76 (0.64–0.89) | 0.77 (0.61–0.96) | 0.79 (0.63–0.99) | 0.80 (0.64–1.00) |
| 3rd third (highest) | 0.56 (0.47–0.65) | 0.67 (0.57–0.80) | 0.67 (0.57–0.80) | 0.68 (0.54–0.86) | 0.73 (0.57–0.93) | 0.74 (0.58–0.94) |
| Random part | ||||||
| Village level ICC | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Township level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.38 |
| Median odds ratio | 1.53 | 1.52 | 1.49 | 8.44 | 8.56 | 5.51 |
| R2 | 0.017 | 0.057 | 0.063 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.251 |
| Educational index | ||||||
| 1st third (lowest) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2nd third | 1.00 (0.85–1.18) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 1.37 (1.09–1.72) | 1.33 (1.06–1.67) | 1.32 (1.06–1.66) |
| 3rd third (highest) | 0.69 (0.58–0.81) | 0.75 (0.63–0.88) | 0.75 (0.63–0.88) | 1.22 (0.97–1.54) | 1.26 (1.00–1.59) | 1.26 (1.00–1.60) |
| Random part | ||||||
| Village level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
| Township level ICC | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.38 |
| Median odds ratio | 1.54 | 1.53 | 1.49 | 8.41 | 8.56 | 5.49 |
| R2 | 0.009 | 0.055 | 0.060 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.249 |
a: Model 1, an empty model in which each of the SES indices was separately studied in relation to each outcome.
b: Model 2 adjusted for maternal age, sex of child, parity.
c: Model 3 adjusted for maternal age, sex of child, parity, the village and township wealth indices.
ICC, Interclass correlation coefficient.
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