| Simple Direct Question (SDQ) |
| “In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, or they just didn’t have time. How about you—did you vote in the elections this November?” (43 words) |
| Long Experimental Question |
| “In talking about elections, we sometimes find that people who thought about voting actually did not vote. Also, people who usually vote may have trouble saying for sure whether they voted in a particular election. In a moment, I’m going to ask you whether you voted on Tuesday, November 8, which was [day(s)/week(s)] ago. Before you answer, think of a number of different things that will likely come to mind if you actually did vote this past election day; things like whether you walked, drove, or were driven by another person to your polling place [pause], what the weather was like on the way [pause], the time of day it was [pause], and people you went with, saw, or met while there [pause]. After thinking about it, you may realize that you did not vote in this particular election [pause]. Now that you’ve thought about it, which of these statements best describes you? I did not vote in the November 8 election. I thought about voting this time but didn’t. I usually vote but didn’t this time. I am sure I voted in the November 8 election.” (187 words) |
| Short Experimental Question |
| “The next question is about the elections in November. In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, or they just didn’t have time. Which of the following statements best describes you? One, I did not vote in the November 3 election; two, I thought about voting this time but didn’t; three, I usually vote but didn’t this time; or four, I am sure I voted in the November 3 election.” (88 words) |
| New Multi-Question Sequence (MQS) |
| “In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, they didn’t have time, or something else happened to prevent them from voting. And sometimes, people who USUALLY vote or who PLANNED to vote forget that something UNUSUAL happened on election day this year that prevented them from voting THIS time. So please think carefully for a minute about the election held on November 7, [PAUSE] and past elections in which you may have voted and answer the following questions about your voting behavior. During the past six years, did you usually vote in national, state, and local elections, or did you usually NOT vote?” |
| “During the months leading up to the election held on November 7, did you ever plan to vote in that election, or didn’t you plan to do that?” |
| “In the election held on November 7, did you definitely vote in person on election day, definitely mail in a completed absentee ballot before election day, definitely not vote, or are you not completely sure whether you voted in that election?” (190 words) |
| Simple Direct Question (SDQ) |
| “In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, or they just didn’t have time. How about you—did you vote in the elections this November?” (43 words) |
| Long Experimental Question |
| “In talking about elections, we sometimes find that people who thought about voting actually did not vote. Also, people who usually vote may have trouble saying for sure whether they voted in a particular election. In a moment, I’m going to ask you whether you voted on Tuesday, November 8, which was [day(s)/week(s)] ago. Before you answer, think of a number of different things that will likely come to mind if you actually did vote this past election day; things like whether you walked, drove, or were driven by another person to your polling place [pause], what the weather was like on the way [pause], the time of day it was [pause], and people you went with, saw, or met while there [pause]. After thinking about it, you may realize that you did not vote in this particular election [pause]. Now that you’ve thought about it, which of these statements best describes you? I did not vote in the November 8 election. I thought about voting this time but didn’t. I usually vote but didn’t this time. I am sure I voted in the November 8 election.” (187 words) |
| Short Experimental Question |
| “The next question is about the elections in November. In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, or they just didn’t have time. Which of the following statements best describes you? One, I did not vote in the November 3 election; two, I thought about voting this time but didn’t; three, I usually vote but didn’t this time; or four, I am sure I voted in the November 3 election.” (88 words) |
| New Multi-Question Sequence (MQS) |
| “In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, they didn’t have time, or something else happened to prevent them from voting. And sometimes, people who USUALLY vote or who PLANNED to vote forget that something UNUSUAL happened on election day this year that prevented them from voting THIS time. So please think carefully for a minute about the election held on November 7, [PAUSE] and past elections in which you may have voted and answer the following questions about your voting behavior. During the past six years, did you usually vote in national, state, and local elections, or did you usually NOT vote?” |
| “During the months leading up to the election held on November 7, did you ever plan to vote in that election, or didn’t you plan to do that?” |
| “In the election held on November 7, did you definitely vote in person on election day, definitely mail in a completed absentee ballot before election day, definitely not vote, or are you not completely sure whether you voted in that election?” (190 words) |
| Simple Direct Question (SDQ) |
| “In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, or they just didn’t have time. How about you—did you vote in the elections this November?” (43 words) |
| Long Experimental Question |
| “In talking about elections, we sometimes find that people who thought about voting actually did not vote. Also, people who usually vote may have trouble saying for sure whether they voted in a particular election. In a moment, I’m going to ask you whether you voted on Tuesday, November 8, which was [day(s)/week(s)] ago. Before you answer, think of a number of different things that will likely come to mind if you actually did vote this past election day; things like whether you walked, drove, or were driven by another person to your polling place [pause], what the weather was like on the way [pause], the time of day it was [pause], and people you went with, saw, or met while there [pause]. After thinking about it, you may realize that you did not vote in this particular election [pause]. Now that you’ve thought about it, which of these statements best describes you? I did not vote in the November 8 election. I thought about voting this time but didn’t. I usually vote but didn’t this time. I am sure I voted in the November 8 election.” (187 words) |
| Short Experimental Question |
| “The next question is about the elections in November. In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, or they just didn’t have time. Which of the following statements best describes you? One, I did not vote in the November 3 election; two, I thought about voting this time but didn’t; three, I usually vote but didn’t this time; or four, I am sure I voted in the November 3 election.” (88 words) |
| New Multi-Question Sequence (MQS) |
| “In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, they didn’t have time, or something else happened to prevent them from voting. And sometimes, people who USUALLY vote or who PLANNED to vote forget that something UNUSUAL happened on election day this year that prevented them from voting THIS time. So please think carefully for a minute about the election held on November 7, [PAUSE] and past elections in which you may have voted and answer the following questions about your voting behavior. During the past six years, did you usually vote in national, state, and local elections, or did you usually NOT vote?” |
| “During the months leading up to the election held on November 7, did you ever plan to vote in that election, or didn’t you plan to do that?” |
| “In the election held on November 7, did you definitely vote in person on election day, definitely mail in a completed absentee ballot before election day, definitely not vote, or are you not completely sure whether you voted in that election?” (190 words) |
| Simple Direct Question (SDQ) |
| “In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, or they just didn’t have time. How about you—did you vote in the elections this November?” (43 words) |
| Long Experimental Question |
| “In talking about elections, we sometimes find that people who thought about voting actually did not vote. Also, people who usually vote may have trouble saying for sure whether they voted in a particular election. In a moment, I’m going to ask you whether you voted on Tuesday, November 8, which was [day(s)/week(s)] ago. Before you answer, think of a number of different things that will likely come to mind if you actually did vote this past election day; things like whether you walked, drove, or were driven by another person to your polling place [pause], what the weather was like on the way [pause], the time of day it was [pause], and people you went with, saw, or met while there [pause]. After thinking about it, you may realize that you did not vote in this particular election [pause]. Now that you’ve thought about it, which of these statements best describes you? I did not vote in the November 8 election. I thought about voting this time but didn’t. I usually vote but didn’t this time. I am sure I voted in the November 8 election.” (187 words) |
| Short Experimental Question |
| “The next question is about the elections in November. In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, or they just didn’t have time. Which of the following statements best describes you? One, I did not vote in the November 3 election; two, I thought about voting this time but didn’t; three, I usually vote but didn’t this time; or four, I am sure I voted in the November 3 election.” (88 words) |
| New Multi-Question Sequence (MQS) |
| “In talking to people about elections, we often find that a lot of people were not able to vote because they weren’t registered, they were sick, they didn’t have time, or something else happened to prevent them from voting. And sometimes, people who USUALLY vote or who PLANNED to vote forget that something UNUSUAL happened on election day this year that prevented them from voting THIS time. So please think carefully for a minute about the election held on November 7, [PAUSE] and past elections in which you may have voted and answer the following questions about your voting behavior. During the past six years, did you usually vote in national, state, and local elections, or did you usually NOT vote?” |
| “During the months leading up to the election held on November 7, did you ever plan to vote in that election, or didn’t you plan to do that?” |
| “In the election held on November 7, did you definitely vote in person on election day, definitely mail in a completed absentee ballot before election day, definitely not vote, or are you not completely sure whether you voted in that election?” (190 words) |
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