Table 1 Open in new tab Baseline...

Characteristic	Entire study cohort	Propensity-matched cohort
Cohort entry criteria, %
Myocardial infarction	39.4	46.5	43.2	45.4
PCI	41.5	38.9	37.0	39.6
CABG	19.0	14.6	19.8	15.0
Demographics
Age, mean ± SD	78.1 ± 7.0	78.3 ± 7.0*	78.3 ± 7.1	78.2 ± 7.0
Female, %	72.2	74.2*	75.0	75.5
White race, %	91.4	90.7	91.1	92.0
Co-morbid conditions, %
Prior myocardial infarction	24.1	21.6*	26.6	21.9*
Congestive heart failure	44.8	58.0*	59.0	57.5
Stroke	7.6	7.1	9.0	8.0*
Peripheral vascular disease	5.5	4.6*	6.5	6.0
Hypertension	82.0	86.7*	88.7	86.4*
Diabetes	41.5	48.2*	49.4	47.9
Chronic kidney disease	27.8	25.0*	35.6	25.4*
Previous CABG	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.6
Previous PCI	3.3	3.0	3.9	2.8*
Pre-hospital medication use, %
Prior statin	34.0	39.1*	38.1	38.2
ACEI/ARB	30.9	80.6*	72.1	72.1
Clopidogrel	24.7	29.1*	25.4	27.4*
Beta-blocker	56.5	61.6*	58.2	59.6
Calcium-channel blocker	53.4	50.2*	52.7	50.4*
Digoxin	9.4	15.0*	12.8	14.3*
Diuretics	9.6	12.5*	12.5	12.4
Fibrate	3.7	3.4	3.9	3.1*
Nitrates	62.9	66.9*	63.5	64.4
Warfarin	6.8	8.6*	6.8	8.1*
Post-hospital medication use, %
Clopidogrel	19.4	27.7*	19.5	29.3*
Beta-blocker	39.2	51.6*	37.0	52.5*
Calcium-channel blocker	24.2	20.6*	20.8	20.7
Digoxin	4.9	11.6*	5.4	11.9*
Diuretics	2.4	5.1*	2.8	5.0*
Fibrate	1.2	1.5	1.1	1.4
Nitrates	37.6	49.6*	35.0	49.7*
Statin	20.9	32.1*	20.6	32.9*
Warfarin	4.3	6.8*	4.3	7.0*
Hospital characteristics
Teaching hospital, %	63.0	61.2*	62.8	63.4
Length of stay, mean ± SD	7.1 ± 6.2	6.8 ± 4.8*	7.6 ± 6.4	6.9 ± 4.8*

Mean follow-up, years	4.0 ± 3.1	3.5 ± 2.7*	3.4 ± 2.8	3.5 ± 2.8*

Characteristic

Entire study cohort

Propensity-matched cohort

Non-ACEI/ARB users (N = 17 702)

ACEI/ARB users (N = 10 918)

Non-ACEI/ARB users (N = 7587)

ACEI/ARB users (N = 7587)

Cohort entry criteria, %

Myocardial infarction

39.4

46.5

43.2

45.4

PCI

41.5

38.9

37.0

39.6

CABG

19.0

14.6

19.8

15.0

Demographics

Age, mean ± SD

78.1 ± 7.0

78.3 ± 7.0*

78.3 ± 7.1

78.2 ± 7.0

Female, %

72.2

74.2*

75.0

75.5

White race, %

91.4

90.7

91.1

92.0

Co-morbid conditions, %

Prior myocardial infarction

24.1

21.6*

26.6

21.9*

Congestive heart failure

44.8

58.0*

59.0

57.5

Stroke

7.6

7.1

9.0

8.0*

Peripheral vascular disease

5.5

4.6*

6.5

6.0

Hypertension

82.0

86.7*

88.7

86.4*

Diabetes

41.5

48.2*

49.4

47.9

Chronic kidney disease

27.8

25.0*

35.6

25.4*

Previous CABG

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.6

Previous PCI

3.3

3.0

3.9

2.8*

Pre-hospital medication use, %

Prior statin

34.0

39.1*

38.1

38.2

ACEI/ARB

30.9

80.6*

72.1

Clopidogrel

24.7

29.1*

25.4

27.4*

Beta-blocker

56.5

61.6*

58.2

59.6

Calcium-channel blocker

53.4

50.2*

52.7

50.4*

Digoxin

9.4

15.0*

12.8

14.3*

Diuretics

9.6

12.5*

12.5

12.4

Fibrate

3.7

3.4

3.9

3.1*

Nitrates

62.9

66.9*

63.5

64.4

Warfarin

6.8

8.6*

6.8

8.1*

Post-hospital medication use, %

Clopidogrel

19.4

27.7*

19.5

29.3*

Beta-blocker

39.2

51.6*

37.0

52.5*

Calcium-channel blocker

24.2

20.6*

20.8

20.7

Digoxin

4.9

11.6*

5.4

11.9*

Diuretics

2.4

5.1*

2.8

5.0*

Fibrate

1.2

1.5

1.1

1.4

Nitrates

37.6

49.6*

35.0

49.7*

Statin

20.9

32.1*

20.6

32.9*

Warfarin

4.3

6.8*

4.3

7.0*

Hospital characteristics

Teaching hospital, %

63.0

61.2*

62.8

63.4

Length of stay, mean ± SD

7.1 ± 6.2

6.8 ± 4.8*

7.6 ± 6.4

6.9 ± 4.8*

Mean follow-up, years

4.0 ± 3.1

3.5 ± 2.7*

3.4 ± 2.8

3.5 ± 2.8*

Characteristic	Entire study cohort	Propensity-matched cohort
Cohort entry criteria, %
Myocardial infarction	39.4	46.5	43.2	45.4
PCI	41.5	38.9	37.0	39.6
CABG	19.0	14.6	19.8	15.0
Demographics
Age, mean ± SD	78.1 ± 7.0	78.3 ± 7.0*	78.3 ± 7.1	78.2 ± 7.0
Female, %	72.2	74.2*	75.0	75.5
White race, %	91.4	90.7	91.1	92.0
Co-morbid conditions, %
Prior myocardial infarction	24.1	21.6*	26.6	21.9*
Congestive heart failure	44.8	58.0*	59.0	57.5
Stroke	7.6	7.1	9.0	8.0*
Peripheral vascular disease	5.5	4.6*	6.5	6.0
Hypertension	82.0	86.7*	88.7	86.4*
Diabetes	41.5	48.2*	49.4	47.9
Chronic kidney disease	27.8	25.0*	35.6	25.4*
Previous CABG	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.6
Previous PCI	3.3	3.0	3.9	2.8*
Pre-hospital medication use, %
Prior statin	34.0	39.1*	38.1	38.2
ACEI/ARB	30.9	80.6*	72.1	72.1
Clopidogrel	24.7	29.1*	25.4	27.4*
Beta-blocker	56.5	61.6*	58.2	59.6
Calcium-channel blocker	53.4	50.2*	52.7	50.4*
Digoxin	9.4	15.0*	12.8	14.3*
Diuretics	9.6	12.5*	12.5	12.4
Fibrate	3.7	3.4	3.9	3.1*
Nitrates	62.9	66.9*	63.5	64.4
Warfarin	6.8	8.6*	6.8	8.1*
Post-hospital medication use, %
Clopidogrel	19.4	27.7*	19.5	29.3*
Beta-blocker	39.2	51.6*	37.0	52.5*
Calcium-channel blocker	24.2	20.6*	20.8	20.7
Digoxin	4.9	11.6*	5.4	11.9*
Diuretics	2.4	5.1*	2.8	5.0*
Fibrate	1.2	1.5	1.1	1.4
Nitrates	37.6	49.6*	35.0	49.7*
Statin	20.9	32.1*	20.6	32.9*
Warfarin	4.3	6.8*	4.3	7.0*
Hospital characteristics
Teaching hospital, %	63.0	61.2*	62.8	63.4
Length of stay, mean ± SD	7.1 ± 6.2	6.8 ± 4.8*	7.6 ± 6.4	6.9 ± 4.8*

Mean follow-up, years	4.0 ± 3.1	3.5 ± 2.7*	3.4 ± 2.8	3.5 ± 2.8*

Table 1

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Baseline characteristics

Characteristic	Entire study cohort		Propensity-matched cohort
	Non-ACEI/ARB users (N = 17 702)	ACEI/ARB users (N = 10 918)	Non-ACEI/ARB users (N = 7587)	ACEI/ARB users (N = 7587)
Cohort entry criteria, %
Myocardial infarction	39.4	46.5	43.2	45.4
PCI	41.5	38.9	37.0	39.6
CABG	19.0	14.6	19.8	15.0
Demographics
Age, mean ± SD	78.1 ± 7.0	78.3 ± 7.0*	78.3 ± 7.1	78.2 ± 7.0
Female, %	72.2	74.2*	75.0	75.5
White race, %	91.4	90.7	91.1	92.0
Co-morbid conditions, %
Prior myocardial infarction	24.1	21.6*	26.6	21.9*
Congestive heart failure	44.8	58.0*	59.0	57.5
Stroke	7.6	7.1	9.0	8.0*
Peripheral vascular disease	5.5	4.6*	6.5	6.0
Hypertension	82.0	86.7*	88.7	86.4*
Diabetes	41.5	48.2*	49.4	47.9
Chronic kidney disease	27.8	25.0*	35.6	25.4*
Previous CABG	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.6
Previous PCI	3.3	3.0	3.9	2.8*
Pre-hospital medication use, %
Prior statin	34.0	39.1*	38.1	38.2
ACEI/ARB	30.9	80.6*	72.1	72.1
Clopidogrel	24.7	29.1*	25.4	27.4*
Beta-blocker	56.5	61.6*	58.2	59.6
Calcium-channel blocker	53.4	50.2*	52.7	50.4*
Digoxin	9.4	15.0*	12.8	14.3*
Diuretics	9.6	12.5*	12.5	12.4
Fibrate	3.7	3.4	3.9	3.1*
Nitrates	62.9	66.9*	63.5	64.4
Warfarin	6.8	8.6*	6.8	8.1*
Post-hospital medication use, %
Clopidogrel	19.4	27.7*	19.5	29.3*
Beta-blocker	39.2	51.6*	37.0	52.5*
Calcium-channel blocker	24.2	20.6*	20.8	20.7
Digoxin	4.9	11.6*	5.4	11.9*
Diuretics	2.4	5.1*	2.8	5.0*
Fibrate	1.2	1.5	1.1	1.4
Nitrates	37.6	49.6*	35.0	49.7*
Statin	20.9	32.1*	20.6	32.9*
Warfarin	4.3	6.8*	4.3	7.0*
Hospital characteristics
Teaching hospital, %	63.0	61.2*	62.8	63.4
Length of stay, mean ± SD	7.1 ± 6.2	6.8 ± 4.8*	7.6 ± 6.4	6.9 ± 4.8*

Mean follow-up, years	4.0 ± 3.1	3.5 ± 2.7*	3.4 ± 2.8	3.5 ± 2.8*

Characteristic	Entire study cohort		Propensity-matched cohort
	Non-ACEI/ARB users (N = 17 702)	ACEI/ARB users (N = 10 918)	Non-ACEI/ARB users (N = 7587)	ACEI/ARB users (N = 7587)
Cohort entry criteria, %
Myocardial infarction	39.4	46.5	43.2	45.4
PCI	41.5	38.9	37.0	39.6
CABG	19.0	14.6	19.8	15.0
Demographics
Age, mean ± SD	78.1 ± 7.0	78.3 ± 7.0*	78.3 ± 7.1	78.2 ± 7.0
Female, %	72.2	74.2*	75.0	75.5
White race, %	91.4	90.7	91.1	92.0
Co-morbid conditions, %
Prior myocardial infarction	24.1	21.6*	26.6	21.9*
Congestive heart failure	44.8	58.0*	59.0	57.5
Stroke	7.6	7.1	9.0	8.0*
Peripheral vascular disease	5.5	4.6*	6.5	6.0
Hypertension	82.0	86.7*	88.7	86.4*
Diabetes	41.5	48.2*	49.4	47.9
Chronic kidney disease	27.8	25.0*	35.6	25.4*
Previous CABG	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.6
Previous PCI	3.3	3.0	3.9	2.8*
Pre-hospital medication use, %
Prior statin	34.0	39.1*	38.1	38.2
ACEI/ARB	30.9	80.6*	72.1	72.1
Clopidogrel	24.7	29.1*	25.4	27.4*
Beta-blocker	56.5	61.6*	58.2	59.6
Calcium-channel blocker	53.4	50.2*	52.7	50.4*
Digoxin	9.4	15.0*	12.8	14.3*
Diuretics	9.6	12.5*	12.5	12.4
Fibrate	3.7	3.4	3.9	3.1*
Nitrates	62.9	66.9*	63.5	64.4
Warfarin	6.8	8.6*	6.8	8.1*
Post-hospital medication use, %
Clopidogrel	19.4	27.7*	19.5	29.3*
Beta-blocker	39.2	51.6*	37.0	52.5*
Calcium-channel blocker	24.2	20.6*	20.8	20.7
Digoxin	4.9	11.6*	5.4	11.9*
Diuretics	2.4	5.1*	2.8	5.0*
Fibrate	1.2	1.5	1.1	1.4
Nitrates	37.6	49.6*	35.0	49.7*
Statin	20.9	32.1*	20.6	32.9*
Warfarin	4.3	6.8*	4.3	7.0*
Hospital characteristics
Teaching hospital, %	63.0	61.2*	62.8	63.4
Length of stay, mean ± SD	7.1 ± 6.2	6.8 ± 4.8*	7.6 ± 6.4	6.9 ± 4.8*

Mean follow-up, years	4.0 ± 3.1	3.5 ± 2.7*	3.4 ± 2.8	3.5 ± 2.8*

SD, standard deviation.

*P< 0.05.

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