| Characteristics . | All (n = 335) . | Maternal Tdap Immunization in Second Trimester (n = 122) . | Maternal Tdap Immunization in Third Trimester (n = 213) . | P Valuea . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | ||||
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 31.0 (5.1) | 30.3 (5.0) | 31.3 (5.1) | .092 |
| Parity | ||||
| Primiparous | 178 (53%) | 55 (45%) | 123 (58%) | |
| Multiparous | 157 (47%) | 67 (55%) | 90 (42%) | .025* |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (1) | |
| Gravidity | ||||
| First | 136 (41%) | 44 (36%) | 92 (43%) | |
| Multiple gestation | 199 (59%) | 78 (64%) | 121 (57%) | .201 |
| Median (IQR) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | |
| Gestational week at immunization | <.001** | |||
| 39–41 | 21 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 21 (10%) | |
| 37–38 | 74 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 74 (35%) | |
| 34–36 | 72 (21%) | 0 (0%) | 72 (34%) | |
| 30–33 | 16 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (7%) | |
| 26–29 | 30 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 30 (14%) | |
| 22–25 | 54 (16%) | 54 (44%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 17–21 | 42 (13%) | 42 (35%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 13–16 | 26 (8%) | 26 (21%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Maternal history during pregnancy | ||||
| Smoking before pregnancy | 62 (19%) | 19 (16%) | 43 (20%) | .295 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 40 (12%) | 13 (11%) | 27 (13%) | .865 |
| Alcohol use before pregnancy | 6 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 3 (1%) | .672 |
| Alcohol use during pregnancy | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | .400 |
| Steroid use | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (0%) | 1.000 |
| NSAID use | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1.000 |
| Drug use before pregnancy | 3 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1.000 |
| Drug use during pregnancy | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1.000 |
| SES and profession | ||||
| SES score, mean (95% CI) | 6.5 (6.2–6.9) | 7.0 (6.5–7.6) | 6.3 (5.8–6.7) | .038* |
| Maternal education level, mean (95% CI) | 3.2 (3.0–3.4) | 3.5 (3.2–3.8) | 3.0 (2.8–3.3) | .015* |
| Paternal profession, mean (95% CI) | 3.3 (3.1–3.5) | 3.5 (3.2–3.8) | 3.2 (3.0–3.5) | .213 |
| Maternal employment with child contact | 36 (11%) | 11 (9%) | 25 (12%) | .44 |
| Newborns | ||||
| Gestational age, wk (SD) | 39.3 (1.3) | 39.1 (1.3) | 39.4 (1.2) | .06 |
| Mean birth weight, g (SD) | 3344 (453) | 3343 (482) | 3345 (436) | .97 |
| Mean height, cm (SD) | 50.3 (2.3) | 50.3 (2.5) | 50.3 (2.1) | .96 |
| Male sex | 189 (56%) | 69 (57%) | 120 (56%) | .969 |
| Multiple gestations | 7 (2%) | 5 (4%) | 2 (1%) | .104 |
| Intrauterine growth retardation | 41 (12%) | 14 (12%) | 27 (13%) | .747 |
| Interval between vaccination and delivery | <.001** | |||
| <15 d | 68 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 68 (32%) | |
| 15–30 d | 75 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 75 (35%) | |
| 31–60 d | 33 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 33 (16%) | |
| 61–90 d | 35 (11%) | 7 (6%) | 28 (13%) | |
| 91–120 d | 57 (17%) | 48 (39%) | 9 (4%) | |
| 121–150 d | 30 (9%) | 30 (25%) | 0 (0%) | |
| ≥151 d | 37 (11%) | 37 (30%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Characteristics . | All (n = 335) . | Maternal Tdap Immunization in Second Trimester (n = 122) . | Maternal Tdap Immunization in Third Trimester (n = 213) . | P Valuea . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | ||||
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 31.0 (5.1) | 30.3 (5.0) | 31.3 (5.1) | .092 |
| Parity | ||||
| Primiparous | 178 (53%) | 55 (45%) | 123 (58%) | |
| Multiparous | 157 (47%) | 67 (55%) | 90 (42%) | .025* |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (1) | |
| Gravidity | ||||
| First | 136 (41%) | 44 (36%) | 92 (43%) | |
| Multiple gestation | 199 (59%) | 78 (64%) | 121 (57%) | .201 |
| Median (IQR) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | |
| Gestational week at immunization | <.001** | |||
| 39–41 | 21 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 21 (10%) | |
| 37–38 | 74 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 74 (35%) | |
| 34–36 | 72 (21%) | 0 (0%) | 72 (34%) | |
| 30–33 | 16 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (7%) | |
| 26–29 | 30 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 30 (14%) | |
| 22–25 | 54 (16%) | 54 (44%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 17–21 | 42 (13%) | 42 (35%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 13–16 | 26 (8%) | 26 (21%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Maternal history during pregnancy | ||||
| Smoking before pregnancy | 62 (19%) | 19 (16%) | 43 (20%) | .295 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 40 (12%) | 13 (11%) | 27 (13%) | .865 |
| Alcohol use before pregnancy | 6 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 3 (1%) | .672 |
| Alcohol use during pregnancy | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | .400 |
| Steroid use | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (0%) | 1.000 |
| NSAID use | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1.000 |
| Drug use before pregnancy | 3 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1.000 |
| Drug use during pregnancy | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1.000 |
| SES and profession | ||||
| SES score, mean (95% CI) | 6.5 (6.2–6.9) | 7.0 (6.5–7.6) | 6.3 (5.8–6.7) | .038* |
| Maternal education level, mean (95% CI) | 3.2 (3.0–3.4) | 3.5 (3.2–3.8) | 3.0 (2.8–3.3) | .015* |
| Paternal profession, mean (95% CI) | 3.3 (3.1–3.5) | 3.5 (3.2–3.8) | 3.2 (3.0–3.5) | .213 |
| Maternal employment with child contact | 36 (11%) | 11 (9%) | 25 (12%) | .44 |
| Newborns | ||||
| Gestational age, wk (SD) | 39.3 (1.3) | 39.1 (1.3) | 39.4 (1.2) | .06 |
| Mean birth weight, g (SD) | 3344 (453) | 3343 (482) | 3345 (436) | .97 |
| Mean height, cm (SD) | 50.3 (2.3) | 50.3 (2.5) | 50.3 (2.1) | .96 |
| Male sex | 189 (56%) | 69 (57%) | 120 (56%) | .969 |
| Multiple gestations | 7 (2%) | 5 (4%) | 2 (1%) | .104 |
| Intrauterine growth retardation | 41 (12%) | 14 (12%) | 27 (13%) | .747 |
| Interval between vaccination and delivery | <.001** | |||
| <15 d | 68 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 68 (32%) | |
| 15–30 d | 75 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 75 (35%) | |
| 31–60 d | 33 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 33 (16%) | |
| 61–90 d | 35 (11%) | 7 (6%) | 28 (13%) | |
| 91–120 d | 57 (17%) | 48 (39%) | 9 (4%) | |
| 121–150 d | 30 (9%) | 30 (25%) | 0 (0%) | |
| ≥151 d | 37 (11%) | 37 (30%) | 0 (0%) | |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise specified.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SD, standard deviation; SES, socioeconomic status; Tdap, tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis.
a The t test (normal distribution) or Mann–Whitney test for comparison between means; χ2 test or Fisher exact test for comparisons between proportions. Distinct denominators among SES variables reflect missing data in 3 subcategories.
*P < .05 and **P < .001.
| Characteristics . | All (n = 335) . | Maternal Tdap Immunization in Second Trimester (n = 122) . | Maternal Tdap Immunization in Third Trimester (n = 213) . | P Valuea . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | ||||
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 31.0 (5.1) | 30.3 (5.0) | 31.3 (5.1) | .092 |
| Parity | ||||
| Primiparous | 178 (53%) | 55 (45%) | 123 (58%) | |
| Multiparous | 157 (47%) | 67 (55%) | 90 (42%) | .025* |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (1) | |
| Gravidity | ||||
| First | 136 (41%) | 44 (36%) | 92 (43%) | |
| Multiple gestation | 199 (59%) | 78 (64%) | 121 (57%) | .201 |
| Median (IQR) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | |
| Gestational week at immunization | <.001** | |||
| 39–41 | 21 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 21 (10%) | |
| 37–38 | 74 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 74 (35%) | |
| 34–36 | 72 (21%) | 0 (0%) | 72 (34%) | |
| 30–33 | 16 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (7%) | |
| 26–29 | 30 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 30 (14%) | |
| 22–25 | 54 (16%) | 54 (44%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 17–21 | 42 (13%) | 42 (35%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 13–16 | 26 (8%) | 26 (21%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Maternal history during pregnancy | ||||
| Smoking before pregnancy | 62 (19%) | 19 (16%) | 43 (20%) | .295 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 40 (12%) | 13 (11%) | 27 (13%) | .865 |
| Alcohol use before pregnancy | 6 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 3 (1%) | .672 |
| Alcohol use during pregnancy | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | .400 |
| Steroid use | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (0%) | 1.000 |
| NSAID use | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1.000 |
| Drug use before pregnancy | 3 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1.000 |
| Drug use during pregnancy | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1.000 |
| SES and profession | ||||
| SES score, mean (95% CI) | 6.5 (6.2–6.9) | 7.0 (6.5–7.6) | 6.3 (5.8–6.7) | .038* |
| Maternal education level, mean (95% CI) | 3.2 (3.0–3.4) | 3.5 (3.2–3.8) | 3.0 (2.8–3.3) | .015* |
| Paternal profession, mean (95% CI) | 3.3 (3.1–3.5) | 3.5 (3.2–3.8) | 3.2 (3.0–3.5) | .213 |
| Maternal employment with child contact | 36 (11%) | 11 (9%) | 25 (12%) | .44 |
| Newborns | ||||
| Gestational age, wk (SD) | 39.3 (1.3) | 39.1 (1.3) | 39.4 (1.2) | .06 |
| Mean birth weight, g (SD) | 3344 (453) | 3343 (482) | 3345 (436) | .97 |
| Mean height, cm (SD) | 50.3 (2.3) | 50.3 (2.5) | 50.3 (2.1) | .96 |
| Male sex | 189 (56%) | 69 (57%) | 120 (56%) | .969 |
| Multiple gestations | 7 (2%) | 5 (4%) | 2 (1%) | .104 |
| Intrauterine growth retardation | 41 (12%) | 14 (12%) | 27 (13%) | .747 |
| Interval between vaccination and delivery | <.001** | |||
| <15 d | 68 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 68 (32%) | |
| 15–30 d | 75 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 75 (35%) | |
| 31–60 d | 33 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 33 (16%) | |
| 61–90 d | 35 (11%) | 7 (6%) | 28 (13%) | |
| 91–120 d | 57 (17%) | 48 (39%) | 9 (4%) | |
| 121–150 d | 30 (9%) | 30 (25%) | 0 (0%) | |
| ≥151 d | 37 (11%) | 37 (30%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Characteristics . | All (n = 335) . | Maternal Tdap Immunization in Second Trimester (n = 122) . | Maternal Tdap Immunization in Third Trimester (n = 213) . | P Valuea . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | ||||
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 31.0 (5.1) | 30.3 (5.0) | 31.3 (5.1) | .092 |
| Parity | ||||
| Primiparous | 178 (53%) | 55 (45%) | 123 (58%) | |
| Multiparous | 157 (47%) | 67 (55%) | 90 (42%) | .025* |
| Median (IQR) | 0 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (1) | |
| Gravidity | ||||
| First | 136 (41%) | 44 (36%) | 92 (43%) | |
| Multiple gestation | 199 (59%) | 78 (64%) | 121 (57%) | .201 |
| Median (IQR) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | |
| Gestational week at immunization | <.001** | |||
| 39–41 | 21 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 21 (10%) | |
| 37–38 | 74 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 74 (35%) | |
| 34–36 | 72 (21%) | 0 (0%) | 72 (34%) | |
| 30–33 | 16 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 16 (7%) | |
| 26–29 | 30 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 30 (14%) | |
| 22–25 | 54 (16%) | 54 (44%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 17–21 | 42 (13%) | 42 (35%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 13–16 | 26 (8%) | 26 (21%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Maternal history during pregnancy | ||||
| Smoking before pregnancy | 62 (19%) | 19 (16%) | 43 (20%) | .295 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 40 (12%) | 13 (11%) | 27 (13%) | .865 |
| Alcohol use before pregnancy | 6 (2%) | 3 (2%) | 3 (1%) | .672 |
| Alcohol use during pregnancy | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1%) | .400 |
| Steroid use | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (0%) | 1.000 |
| NSAID use | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1.000 |
| Drug use before pregnancy | 3 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1.000 |
| Drug use during pregnancy | 1 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 1.000 |
| SES and profession | ||||
| SES score, mean (95% CI) | 6.5 (6.2–6.9) | 7.0 (6.5–7.6) | 6.3 (5.8–6.7) | .038* |
| Maternal education level, mean (95% CI) | 3.2 (3.0–3.4) | 3.5 (3.2–3.8) | 3.0 (2.8–3.3) | .015* |
| Paternal profession, mean (95% CI) | 3.3 (3.1–3.5) | 3.5 (3.2–3.8) | 3.2 (3.0–3.5) | .213 |
| Maternal employment with child contact | 36 (11%) | 11 (9%) | 25 (12%) | .44 |
| Newborns | ||||
| Gestational age, wk (SD) | 39.3 (1.3) | 39.1 (1.3) | 39.4 (1.2) | .06 |
| Mean birth weight, g (SD) | 3344 (453) | 3343 (482) | 3345 (436) | .97 |
| Mean height, cm (SD) | 50.3 (2.3) | 50.3 (2.5) | 50.3 (2.1) | .96 |
| Male sex | 189 (56%) | 69 (57%) | 120 (56%) | .969 |
| Multiple gestations | 7 (2%) | 5 (4%) | 2 (1%) | .104 |
| Intrauterine growth retardation | 41 (12%) | 14 (12%) | 27 (13%) | .747 |
| Interval between vaccination and delivery | <.001** | |||
| <15 d | 68 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 68 (32%) | |
| 15–30 d | 75 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 75 (35%) | |
| 31–60 d | 33 (10%) | 0 (0%) | 33 (16%) | |
| 61–90 d | 35 (11%) | 7 (6%) | 28 (13%) | |
| 91–120 d | 57 (17%) | 48 (39%) | 9 (4%) | |
| 121–150 d | 30 (9%) | 30 (25%) | 0 (0%) | |
| ≥151 d | 37 (11%) | 37 (30%) | 0 (0%) | |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise specified.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SD, standard deviation; SES, socioeconomic status; Tdap, tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis.
a The t test (normal distribution) or Mann–Whitney test for comparison between means; χ2 test or Fisher exact test for comparisons between proportions. Distinct denominators among SES variables reflect missing data in 3 subcategories.
*P < .05 and **P < .001.
This PDF is available to Subscribers Only
View Article Abstract & Purchase OptionsFor full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription.
