Characteristics of the Canadian Coinfection Cohort Participants at Last Visit and According to Specific Trial Target Populations
| Characteristic . | Total Active Patients (N = 874) . | Simeprevir and TURQUOISE-I Genotype 1 (N = 410) . | PHOTON-1 Genotype 1, 2, or 3 (N = 530) GT1 = 410 GT2 = 26 GT3 = 94) . | ION-4 Genotype 1 or 4 (N = 421) GT1 = 410 GT4 = 11 . | ALLY-2 Genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (N = 541) GT1 = 410 GT2 = 26 GT3 = 94 GT4 = 11 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 49 (43, 55) | 47 (42, 52) | 49 (43, 55) | 49 (44, 54) | 49 (43, 55) |
| Female, no. (%) | 244 (28) | 102 (25) | 147 (28) | 108 (26) | 153 (28) |
| Aboriginal, no. (%) | 171 (20) | 81 (20) | 113 (21) | 81 (19) | 113 (21) |
| Gross annual income <$18 000 CAN,a no. (%) | 634 (73) | 311 (76) | 403 (76) | 317 (75) | 412 (76) |
| History of incarceration, no. (%) | 489 (56) | 234 (57) | 308 (58) | 236 (56) | 310 (57) |
| Current psychiatric diagnosis, no. (%) | 80 (9) | 55 (13) | 65 (12) | 55 (13) | 65 (12) |
| Currently living in shelter or homeless, no. (%) | 73 (8) | 43 (10) | 47 (9) | 43 (10) | 47 (9) |
| History of IDU, no. (%) | 703 (80) | 336 (82) | 438 (82) | 336 (80) | 438 (81) |
| Current IDU,b no. (%) | 259 (30) | 130 (32) | 68 (32) | 130 (31) | 168 (31) |
| Current alcohol use, no. (%) | 497 (57) | 213 (52) | 278 (52) | 220 (53) | 285 (53) |
| Current alcohol abuse,c no. (%) | 132 (15) | 61 (15) | 81 (15) | 62 (15) | 82 (15) |
| Time since HIV diagnosis, median (IQR), (y) | 15.8 (9.6, 21.4) | 15.8 (8.7, 21.5) | 15.7 (8.5, 21.2) | 15.7 (8.8, 21.5) | 15.7 (8.5, 21.3) |
| Undetectable HIV RNA, no. (%) | 680 (78) | 292 (71) | 388 (73) | 301 (72) | 397 (73) |
| CD4 T-cell count, median (IQR), (cells/mm3) | 500 (332, 690) | 490 (300, 674) | 480 (298, 670) | 490 (300, 680) | 480 (300, 675) |
| Currently cART naive, no. (%) | 23 (3) | 13 (3) | 17 (3) | 13 (3) | 17 (3) |
| On cART, no. (%) | 752 (86) | 356 (87) | 455 (86) | 366 (87) | 465 (86) |
| NRTI backbone, no. (%) | |||||
| Tenofovir/emtricitabine | 318 (36) | 147 (36) | 191 (36) | 153 (36) | 197 (36) |
| Abacavir/lamivudine, % | 317 (36) | 142 (35) | 186 (35) | 146 (35) | 190 (35) |
| NNRTI based, no. (%) | |||||
| Efavirenz | 127 (15) | 54 (14) | 67 (13) | 57 (14) | 70 (13) |
| Nevirapine | 20 (2) | 11 (3) | 11 (2) | 12 (3) | 12 (2) |
| Rilpivirine | 22 (3) | 19 (5) | 23 (5) | 19 (5) | 23 (3) |
| Etravirine | 36 (4) | 18 (4) | 25 (5) | 18 (4) | 25 (5) |
| Protease inhibitors/Ritonavir, no. (%) | |||||
| Atazanavir | 164 (19) | 75 (18) | 100 (19) | 76 (18) | 101 (19) |
| Lopinavir | 76 (9) | 30 (7) | 42 (8) | 32 (8) | 44 (8) |
| Darunavir | 159 (18) | 79 (19) | 103 (19) | 81 (20) | 105 (19) |
| Integrase inhibitors | |||||
| Raltegravir | 190 (22) | 90 (22) | 117 (22) | 93 (22) | 120 (22) |
| Dolutegravir | 27 (3) | 17 (4) | 17 (3) | 17 (4) | 17 (3) |
| Elvitegravir | 43 (5) | 19 (5) | 23 (4) | 19 (5) | 23 (4) |
| Duration of HCV infection, median (IQR), y | 21.7 (13.7, 30.0) | 21.4 (13.0, 29.1) | 21.3 (13.2, 29.3) | 21.0 (13.0, 29.0) | 21.0 (13.0, 29.0) |
| Prior HCV treatment experience, no. (%) | 334 (38) | 113 (28) | 148 (28) | 119 (28) | 152 (28) |
| Current AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) >1.5, no. (%) | 130 (15) | 78 (19) | 109 (21) | 81 (19) | 112 (21) |
| History of cirrhosis (clinical diagnosis), no. (%) | 115 (13) | 64 (16) | 78 (15) | 66 (16) | 80 (15) |
| History of end stage liver disease diagnosis,d no. (%) | 129 (15) | 74 (18) | 89 (17) | 76 (18) | 91 (17) |
| Characteristic . | Total Active Patients (N = 874) . | Simeprevir and TURQUOISE-I Genotype 1 (N = 410) . | PHOTON-1 Genotype 1, 2, or 3 (N = 530) GT1 = 410 GT2 = 26 GT3 = 94) . | ION-4 Genotype 1 or 4 (N = 421) GT1 = 410 GT4 = 11 . | ALLY-2 Genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (N = 541) GT1 = 410 GT2 = 26 GT3 = 94 GT4 = 11 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 49 (43, 55) | 47 (42, 52) | 49 (43, 55) | 49 (44, 54) | 49 (43, 55) |
| Female, no. (%) | 244 (28) | 102 (25) | 147 (28) | 108 (26) | 153 (28) |
| Aboriginal, no. (%) | 171 (20) | 81 (20) | 113 (21) | 81 (19) | 113 (21) |
| Gross annual income <$18 000 CAN,a no. (%) | 634 (73) | 311 (76) | 403 (76) | 317 (75) | 412 (76) |
| History of incarceration, no. (%) | 489 (56) | 234 (57) | 308 (58) | 236 (56) | 310 (57) |
| Current psychiatric diagnosis, no. (%) | 80 (9) | 55 (13) | 65 (12) | 55 (13) | 65 (12) |
| Currently living in shelter or homeless, no. (%) | 73 (8) | 43 (10) | 47 (9) | 43 (10) | 47 (9) |
| History of IDU, no. (%) | 703 (80) | 336 (82) | 438 (82) | 336 (80) | 438 (81) |
| Current IDU,b no. (%) | 259 (30) | 130 (32) | 68 (32) | 130 (31) | 168 (31) |
| Current alcohol use, no. (%) | 497 (57) | 213 (52) | 278 (52) | 220 (53) | 285 (53) |
| Current alcohol abuse,c no. (%) | 132 (15) | 61 (15) | 81 (15) | 62 (15) | 82 (15) |
| Time since HIV diagnosis, median (IQR), (y) | 15.8 (9.6, 21.4) | 15.8 (8.7, 21.5) | 15.7 (8.5, 21.2) | 15.7 (8.8, 21.5) | 15.7 (8.5, 21.3) |
| Undetectable HIV RNA, no. (%) | 680 (78) | 292 (71) | 388 (73) | 301 (72) | 397 (73) |
| CD4 T-cell count, median (IQR), (cells/mm3) | 500 (332, 690) | 490 (300, 674) | 480 (298, 670) | 490 (300, 680) | 480 (300, 675) |
| Currently cART naive, no. (%) | 23 (3) | 13 (3) | 17 (3) | 13 (3) | 17 (3) |
| On cART, no. (%) | 752 (86) | 356 (87) | 455 (86) | 366 (87) | 465 (86) |
| NRTI backbone, no. (%) | |||||
| Tenofovir/emtricitabine | 318 (36) | 147 (36) | 191 (36) | 153 (36) | 197 (36) |
| Abacavir/lamivudine, % | 317 (36) | 142 (35) | 186 (35) | 146 (35) | 190 (35) |
| NNRTI based, no. (%) | |||||
| Efavirenz | 127 (15) | 54 (14) | 67 (13) | 57 (14) | 70 (13) |
| Nevirapine | 20 (2) | 11 (3) | 11 (2) | 12 (3) | 12 (2) |
| Rilpivirine | 22 (3) | 19 (5) | 23 (5) | 19 (5) | 23 (3) |
| Etravirine | 36 (4) | 18 (4) | 25 (5) | 18 (4) | 25 (5) |
| Protease inhibitors/Ritonavir, no. (%) | |||||
| Atazanavir | 164 (19) | 75 (18) | 100 (19) | 76 (18) | 101 (19) |
| Lopinavir | 76 (9) | 30 (7) | 42 (8) | 32 (8) | 44 (8) |
| Darunavir | 159 (18) | 79 (19) | 103 (19) | 81 (20) | 105 (19) |
| Integrase inhibitors | |||||
| Raltegravir | 190 (22) | 90 (22) | 117 (22) | 93 (22) | 120 (22) |
| Dolutegravir | 27 (3) | 17 (4) | 17 (3) | 17 (4) | 17 (3) |
| Elvitegravir | 43 (5) | 19 (5) | 23 (4) | 19 (5) | 23 (4) |
| Duration of HCV infection, median (IQR), y | 21.7 (13.7, 30.0) | 21.4 (13.0, 29.1) | 21.3 (13.2, 29.3) | 21.0 (13.0, 29.0) | 21.0 (13.0, 29.0) |
| Prior HCV treatment experience, no. (%) | 334 (38) | 113 (28) | 148 (28) | 119 (28) | 152 (28) |
| Current AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) >1.5, no. (%) | 130 (15) | 78 (19) | 109 (21) | 81 (19) | 112 (21) |
| History of cirrhosis (clinical diagnosis), no. (%) | 115 (13) | 64 (16) | 78 (15) | 66 (16) | 80 (15) |
| History of end stage liver disease diagnosis,d no. (%) | 129 (15) | 74 (18) | 89 (17) | 76 (18) | 91 (17) |
Active patients (n = 874) includes all active cohort participants. Undetectable HIV RNA (RNA < 50 copies/mL). Trials restricted participation to specific genotypes; therefore, the cohort is subdivided into those genotypes. The simeprevir and TURQUOISE-I trials evaluated patients infected with genotype 1. The PHOTON-1 trial evaluated patients with genotypes 1, 2, or 3. The ION-4 trial evaluated those with genotypes 1 or 4, and the ALLY-2 study was open to coinfected patients with genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Abbreviations: AST, aspartate aminotransferase; cART, combined antiretroviral therapy; GT, genotype; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDU, injection drug use; IQR, interquartile range; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor.
a Single person poverty is considered an annual income of <$18 421/yr CAN.
b Current IDU is defined as use of any injection drugs within 6 months of last cohort visit (self reported).
c Current alcohol abuse is defined as drinking more than 2 units of alcohol on a “typical day” within 6 months of last cohort visit (self reported).
d Includes ascites, bleeding esophageal varices, portal hypertension, hepatocellular carcinoma, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
Characteristics of the Canadian Coinfection Cohort Participants at Last Visit and According to Specific Trial Target Populations
| Characteristic . | Total Active Patients (N = 874) . | Simeprevir and TURQUOISE-I Genotype 1 (N = 410) . | PHOTON-1 Genotype 1, 2, or 3 (N = 530) GT1 = 410 GT2 = 26 GT3 = 94) . | ION-4 Genotype 1 or 4 (N = 421) GT1 = 410 GT4 = 11 . | ALLY-2 Genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (N = 541) GT1 = 410 GT2 = 26 GT3 = 94 GT4 = 11 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 49 (43, 55) | 47 (42, 52) | 49 (43, 55) | 49 (44, 54) | 49 (43, 55) |
| Female, no. (%) | 244 (28) | 102 (25) | 147 (28) | 108 (26) | 153 (28) |
| Aboriginal, no. (%) | 171 (20) | 81 (20) | 113 (21) | 81 (19) | 113 (21) |
| Gross annual income <$18 000 CAN,a no. (%) | 634 (73) | 311 (76) | 403 (76) | 317 (75) | 412 (76) |
| History of incarceration, no. (%) | 489 (56) | 234 (57) | 308 (58) | 236 (56) | 310 (57) |
| Current psychiatric diagnosis, no. (%) | 80 (9) | 55 (13) | 65 (12) | 55 (13) | 65 (12) |
| Currently living in shelter or homeless, no. (%) | 73 (8) | 43 (10) | 47 (9) | 43 (10) | 47 (9) |
| History of IDU, no. (%) | 703 (80) | 336 (82) | 438 (82) | 336 (80) | 438 (81) |
| Current IDU,b no. (%) | 259 (30) | 130 (32) | 68 (32) | 130 (31) | 168 (31) |
| Current alcohol use, no. (%) | 497 (57) | 213 (52) | 278 (52) | 220 (53) | 285 (53) |
| Current alcohol abuse,c no. (%) | 132 (15) | 61 (15) | 81 (15) | 62 (15) | 82 (15) |
| Time since HIV diagnosis, median (IQR), (y) | 15.8 (9.6, 21.4) | 15.8 (8.7, 21.5) | 15.7 (8.5, 21.2) | 15.7 (8.8, 21.5) | 15.7 (8.5, 21.3) |
| Undetectable HIV RNA, no. (%) | 680 (78) | 292 (71) | 388 (73) | 301 (72) | 397 (73) |
| CD4 T-cell count, median (IQR), (cells/mm3) | 500 (332, 690) | 490 (300, 674) | 480 (298, 670) | 490 (300, 680) | 480 (300, 675) |
| Currently cART naive, no. (%) | 23 (3) | 13 (3) | 17 (3) | 13 (3) | 17 (3) |
| On cART, no. (%) | 752 (86) | 356 (87) | 455 (86) | 366 (87) | 465 (86) |
| NRTI backbone, no. (%) | |||||
| Tenofovir/emtricitabine | 318 (36) | 147 (36) | 191 (36) | 153 (36) | 197 (36) |
| Abacavir/lamivudine, % | 317 (36) | 142 (35) | 186 (35) | 146 (35) | 190 (35) |
| NNRTI based, no. (%) | |||||
| Efavirenz | 127 (15) | 54 (14) | 67 (13) | 57 (14) | 70 (13) |
| Nevirapine | 20 (2) | 11 (3) | 11 (2) | 12 (3) | 12 (2) |
| Rilpivirine | 22 (3) | 19 (5) | 23 (5) | 19 (5) | 23 (3) |
| Etravirine | 36 (4) | 18 (4) | 25 (5) | 18 (4) | 25 (5) |
| Protease inhibitors/Ritonavir, no. (%) | |||||
| Atazanavir | 164 (19) | 75 (18) | 100 (19) | 76 (18) | 101 (19) |
| Lopinavir | 76 (9) | 30 (7) | 42 (8) | 32 (8) | 44 (8) |
| Darunavir | 159 (18) | 79 (19) | 103 (19) | 81 (20) | 105 (19) |
| Integrase inhibitors | |||||
| Raltegravir | 190 (22) | 90 (22) | 117 (22) | 93 (22) | 120 (22) |
| Dolutegravir | 27 (3) | 17 (4) | 17 (3) | 17 (4) | 17 (3) |
| Elvitegravir | 43 (5) | 19 (5) | 23 (4) | 19 (5) | 23 (4) |
| Duration of HCV infection, median (IQR), y | 21.7 (13.7, 30.0) | 21.4 (13.0, 29.1) | 21.3 (13.2, 29.3) | 21.0 (13.0, 29.0) | 21.0 (13.0, 29.0) |
| Prior HCV treatment experience, no. (%) | 334 (38) | 113 (28) | 148 (28) | 119 (28) | 152 (28) |
| Current AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) >1.5, no. (%) | 130 (15) | 78 (19) | 109 (21) | 81 (19) | 112 (21) |
| History of cirrhosis (clinical diagnosis), no. (%) | 115 (13) | 64 (16) | 78 (15) | 66 (16) | 80 (15) |
| History of end stage liver disease diagnosis,d no. (%) | 129 (15) | 74 (18) | 89 (17) | 76 (18) | 91 (17) |
| Characteristic . | Total Active Patients (N = 874) . | Simeprevir and TURQUOISE-I Genotype 1 (N = 410) . | PHOTON-1 Genotype 1, 2, or 3 (N = 530) GT1 = 410 GT2 = 26 GT3 = 94) . | ION-4 Genotype 1 or 4 (N = 421) GT1 = 410 GT4 = 11 . | ALLY-2 Genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (N = 541) GT1 = 410 GT2 = 26 GT3 = 94 GT4 = 11 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 49 (43, 55) | 47 (42, 52) | 49 (43, 55) | 49 (44, 54) | 49 (43, 55) |
| Female, no. (%) | 244 (28) | 102 (25) | 147 (28) | 108 (26) | 153 (28) |
| Aboriginal, no. (%) | 171 (20) | 81 (20) | 113 (21) | 81 (19) | 113 (21) |
| Gross annual income <$18 000 CAN,a no. (%) | 634 (73) | 311 (76) | 403 (76) | 317 (75) | 412 (76) |
| History of incarceration, no. (%) | 489 (56) | 234 (57) | 308 (58) | 236 (56) | 310 (57) |
| Current psychiatric diagnosis, no. (%) | 80 (9) | 55 (13) | 65 (12) | 55 (13) | 65 (12) |
| Currently living in shelter or homeless, no. (%) | 73 (8) | 43 (10) | 47 (9) | 43 (10) | 47 (9) |
| History of IDU, no. (%) | 703 (80) | 336 (82) | 438 (82) | 336 (80) | 438 (81) |
| Current IDU,b no. (%) | 259 (30) | 130 (32) | 68 (32) | 130 (31) | 168 (31) |
| Current alcohol use, no. (%) | 497 (57) | 213 (52) | 278 (52) | 220 (53) | 285 (53) |
| Current alcohol abuse,c no. (%) | 132 (15) | 61 (15) | 81 (15) | 62 (15) | 82 (15) |
| Time since HIV diagnosis, median (IQR), (y) | 15.8 (9.6, 21.4) | 15.8 (8.7, 21.5) | 15.7 (8.5, 21.2) | 15.7 (8.8, 21.5) | 15.7 (8.5, 21.3) |
| Undetectable HIV RNA, no. (%) | 680 (78) | 292 (71) | 388 (73) | 301 (72) | 397 (73) |
| CD4 T-cell count, median (IQR), (cells/mm3) | 500 (332, 690) | 490 (300, 674) | 480 (298, 670) | 490 (300, 680) | 480 (300, 675) |
| Currently cART naive, no. (%) | 23 (3) | 13 (3) | 17 (3) | 13 (3) | 17 (3) |
| On cART, no. (%) | 752 (86) | 356 (87) | 455 (86) | 366 (87) | 465 (86) |
| NRTI backbone, no. (%) | |||||
| Tenofovir/emtricitabine | 318 (36) | 147 (36) | 191 (36) | 153 (36) | 197 (36) |
| Abacavir/lamivudine, % | 317 (36) | 142 (35) | 186 (35) | 146 (35) | 190 (35) |
| NNRTI based, no. (%) | |||||
| Efavirenz | 127 (15) | 54 (14) | 67 (13) | 57 (14) | 70 (13) |
| Nevirapine | 20 (2) | 11 (3) | 11 (2) | 12 (3) | 12 (2) |
| Rilpivirine | 22 (3) | 19 (5) | 23 (5) | 19 (5) | 23 (3) |
| Etravirine | 36 (4) | 18 (4) | 25 (5) | 18 (4) | 25 (5) |
| Protease inhibitors/Ritonavir, no. (%) | |||||
| Atazanavir | 164 (19) | 75 (18) | 100 (19) | 76 (18) | 101 (19) |
| Lopinavir | 76 (9) | 30 (7) | 42 (8) | 32 (8) | 44 (8) |
| Darunavir | 159 (18) | 79 (19) | 103 (19) | 81 (20) | 105 (19) |
| Integrase inhibitors | |||||
| Raltegravir | 190 (22) | 90 (22) | 117 (22) | 93 (22) | 120 (22) |
| Dolutegravir | 27 (3) | 17 (4) | 17 (3) | 17 (4) | 17 (3) |
| Elvitegravir | 43 (5) | 19 (5) | 23 (4) | 19 (5) | 23 (4) |
| Duration of HCV infection, median (IQR), y | 21.7 (13.7, 30.0) | 21.4 (13.0, 29.1) | 21.3 (13.2, 29.3) | 21.0 (13.0, 29.0) | 21.0 (13.0, 29.0) |
| Prior HCV treatment experience, no. (%) | 334 (38) | 113 (28) | 148 (28) | 119 (28) | 152 (28) |
| Current AST to platelet ratio index (APRI) >1.5, no. (%) | 130 (15) | 78 (19) | 109 (21) | 81 (19) | 112 (21) |
| History of cirrhosis (clinical diagnosis), no. (%) | 115 (13) | 64 (16) | 78 (15) | 66 (16) | 80 (15) |
| History of end stage liver disease diagnosis,d no. (%) | 129 (15) | 74 (18) | 89 (17) | 76 (18) | 91 (17) |
Active patients (n = 874) includes all active cohort participants. Undetectable HIV RNA (RNA < 50 copies/mL). Trials restricted participation to specific genotypes; therefore, the cohort is subdivided into those genotypes. The simeprevir and TURQUOISE-I trials evaluated patients infected with genotype 1. The PHOTON-1 trial evaluated patients with genotypes 1, 2, or 3. The ION-4 trial evaluated those with genotypes 1 or 4, and the ALLY-2 study was open to coinfected patients with genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.
Abbreviations: AST, aspartate aminotransferase; cART, combined antiretroviral therapy; GT, genotype; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IDU, injection drug use; IQR, interquartile range; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor.
a Single person poverty is considered an annual income of <$18 421/yr CAN.
b Current IDU is defined as use of any injection drugs within 6 months of last cohort visit (self reported).
c Current alcohol abuse is defined as drinking more than 2 units of alcohol on a “typical day” within 6 months of last cohort visit (self reported).
d Includes ascites, bleeding esophageal varices, portal hypertension, hepatocellular carcinoma, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
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