Table 4. Open in new tab Effect of the...

Type of Infection

Immediate Change (95% CI)

P Value for Immediate Change

Estimated Slope per Month (95% CI)

P Value for Slope Change

Estimated Relative Effect at the End of Study Period (95% CI)

Hospital-onset

−4.8% (−11.6 to 2.8)

.18

Preimplementation

+0.3% (0.1 to 0.5)

<.0001

−43.2% (−51.6 to −32.4)

Postimplementation

−0.4% (−0.5 to −0.3)

Community-acquired

−4.0% (−10.8 to 3.5)

.25

Preimplementation

+0.1% (0.0 to 0.3)

.08

−14.8% (−27.2 to 1.4)

Postimplementation

+0.0% (−0.2 to 0.1)

Subgroup analysis by species

Escherichia coli

Hospital-onset

−3.1% (−14.5 to 10.3)

.62

Preimplementation

+0.3% (−0.1 to 0.7)

.02

−28.5% (−44.3 to −3.8)

Postimplementation

−0.1% (−0.4 to 0.0)

Community-acquired

−4.7% (−12.0 to 3.6)

.18

Preimplementation

+0.2% (0.0 to 0.4)

.02

−19.2% (−31.6 to −2.6)

Postimplementation

−0.1% (−0.2 to 0.1)

Klebsiella spp

Hospital-onset

−9.6% (−18.0 to −0.1)

.02

Preimplementation

+0.4% (0.2 to 0.8)

<.0001

−51.8% (−60.3 to −40.5)

Postimplementation

−0.4% (−0.6 to −0.3)

Community-acquired

−5.8% (−17.1 to 8.6)

.33

Preimplementation

+0.2% (−0.2 to 0.5)

.60

−10.8% (−29.9 to 27.9)

Postimplementation

+0.1% (−0.1 to 0.3)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Hospital-onset

−3.1% (−15.6 to 11.8)

.63

Preimplementation

+0.1% (−0.2 to 0.5)

<.001

−50.3% (−64.3 to −26.6)

Postimplementation

−0.6% (−0.8 to −0.4)

Community-acquired

+7.4% (−12.0 to 32.8)

.47

Preimplementation

−0.2% (−0.6 to 0.2)

.98

+9.9% (−34.4 to 173.4)

Postimplementation

−0.3% (−0.5 to 0.1)

Subgroup analyses by MDR/non-MDR

MDR

Hospital-onset

−19.8% (−27.6 to 11.0)

<.0001

Preimplementation

+1.0% (0.6 to 1.5)

<.0001

−63.6% (−69.7 to −56.1)

Postimplementation

−0.4% (−0.6 to −0.3)

Community-acquired

−6.3% (−17.0 to 6.3)

.30

Preimplementation

+1.2% (0.7 to 2.0)

<.0001

−37.9% (−48.7 to −23.2)

Postimplementation

+0.0% (−0.2 to 0.2)

Non-MDR

Hospital-onset

+5.5% (−3.8 to 16.1)

.17

Preimplementation

−0.1% (−0.3 to 0.1)

<.01

−19.3% (−36.0 to 6.5)

Postimplementation

−0.4% (−0.5 to −0.2)

Community-acquired

−3.2% (−12.7 to 4.4)

.38

Preimplementation

−0.1% (−0.2 to 0.2)

.87

−4.5% (−24.2 to 17.3)

Postimplementation

−0.1% (−0.2 to 0.1)

Table 4.

Open in new tab

Effect of the Initiative on Changes in Incidence Rates

Type of Infection	Immediate Change (95% CI)	P Value for Immediate Change	Estimated Slope per Month (95% CI)		P Value for Slope Change	Estimated Relative Effect at the End of Study Period (95% CI)
Hospital-onset	−4.8% (−11.6 to 2.8)	.18	Preimplementation	+0.3% (0.1 to 0.5)	<.0001	−43.2% (−51.6 to −32.4)
Hospital-onset	−4.8% (−11.6 to 2.8)	.18	Postimplementation	−0.4% (−0.5 to −0.3)	<.0001	−43.2% (−51.6 to −32.4)
Community-acquired	−4.0% (−10.8 to 3.5)	.25	Preimplementation	+0.1% (0.0 to 0.3)	.08	−14.8% (−27.2 to 1.4)
Community-acquired	−4.0% (−10.8 to 3.5)	.25	Postimplementation	+0.0% (−0.2 to 0.1)	.08	−14.8% (−27.2 to 1.4)
Subgroup analysis by species
Escherichia coli
Hospital-onset	−3.1% (−14.5 to 10.3)	.62	Preimplementation	+0.3% (−0.1 to 0.7)	.02	−28.5% (−44.3 to −3.8)
Hospital-onset	−3.1% (−14.5 to 10.3)	.62	Postimplementation	−0.1% (−0.4 to 0.0)	.02	−28.5% (−44.3 to −3.8)
Community-acquired	−4.7% (−12.0 to 3.6)	.18	Preimplementation	+0.2% (0.0 to 0.4)	.02	−19.2% (−31.6 to −2.6)
Community-acquired	−4.7% (−12.0 to 3.6)	.18	Postimplementation	−0.1% (−0.2 to 0.1)	.02	−19.2% (−31.6 to −2.6)
Klebsiella spp
Hospital-onset	−9.6% (−18.0 to −0.1)	.02	Preimplementation	+0.4% (0.2 to 0.8)	<.0001	−51.8% (−60.3 to −40.5)
Hospital-onset	−9.6% (−18.0 to −0.1)	.02	Postimplementation	−0.4% (−0.6 to −0.3)	<.0001	−51.8% (−60.3 to −40.5)
Community-acquired	−5.8% (−17.1 to 8.6)	.33	Preimplementation	+0.2% (−0.2 to 0.5)	.60	−10.8% (−29.9 to 27.9)
Community-acquired	−5.8% (−17.1 to 8.6)	.33	Postimplementation	+0.1% (−0.1 to 0.3)	.60	−10.8% (−29.9 to 27.9)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Hospital-onset	−3.1% (−15.6 to 11.8)	.63	Preimplementation	+0.1% (−0.2 to 0.5)	<.001	−50.3% (−64.3 to −26.6)
Hospital-onset	−3.1% (−15.6 to 11.8)	.63	Postimplementation	−0.6% (−0.8 to −0.4)	<.001	−50.3% (−64.3 to −26.6)
Community-acquired	+7.4% (−12.0 to 32.8)	.47	Preimplementation	−0.2% (−0.6 to 0.2)	.98	+9.9% (−34.4 to 173.4)
Community-acquired	+7.4% (−12.0 to 32.8)	.47	Postimplementation	−0.3% (−0.5 to 0.1)	.98	+9.9% (−34.4 to 173.4)
Subgroup analyses by MDR/non-MDR
MDR
Hospital-onset	−19.8% (−27.6 to 11.0)	<.0001	Preimplementation	+1.0% (0.6 to 1.5)	<.0001	−63.6% (−69.7 to −56.1)
Hospital-onset	−19.8% (−27.6 to 11.0)	<.0001	Postimplementation	−0.4% (−0.6 to −0.3)	<.0001	−63.6% (−69.7 to −56.1)
Community-acquired	−6.3% (−17.0 to 6.3)	.30	Preimplementation	+1.2% (0.7 to 2.0)	<.0001	−37.9% (−48.7 to −23.2)
Community-acquired	−6.3% (−17.0 to 6.3)	.30	Postimplementation	+0.0% (−0.2 to 0.2)	<.0001	−37.9% (−48.7 to −23.2)
Non-MDR
Hospital-onset	+5.5% (−3.8 to 16.1)	.17	Preimplementation	−0.1% (−0.3 to 0.1)	<.01	−19.3% (−36.0 to 6.5)
Hospital-onset	+5.5% (−3.8 to 16.1)	.17	Postimplementation	−0.4% (−0.5 to −0.2)	<.01	−19.3% (−36.0 to 6.5)
Community-acquired	−3.2% (−12.7 to 4.4)	.38	Preimplementation	−0.1% (−0.2 to 0.2)	.87	−4.5% (−24.2 to 17.3)
Community-acquired	−3.2% (−12.7 to 4.4)	.38	Postimplementation	−0.1% (−0.2 to 0.1)	.87	−4.5% (−24.2 to 17.3)

Type of Infection	Immediate Change (95% CI)	P Value for Immediate Change	Estimated Slope per Month (95% CI)		P Value for Slope Change	Estimated Relative Effect at the End of Study Period (95% CI)
Hospital-onset	−4.8% (−11.6 to 2.8)	.18	Preimplementation	+0.3% (0.1 to 0.5)	<.0001	−43.2% (−51.6 to −32.4)
Hospital-onset	−4.8% (−11.6 to 2.8)	.18	Postimplementation	−0.4% (−0.5 to −0.3)	<.0001	−43.2% (−51.6 to −32.4)
Community-acquired	−4.0% (−10.8 to 3.5)	.25	Preimplementation	+0.1% (0.0 to 0.3)	.08	−14.8% (−27.2 to 1.4)
Community-acquired	−4.0% (−10.8 to 3.5)	.25	Postimplementation	+0.0% (−0.2 to 0.1)	.08	−14.8% (−27.2 to 1.4)
Subgroup analysis by species
Escherichia coli
Hospital-onset	−3.1% (−14.5 to 10.3)	.62	Preimplementation	+0.3% (−0.1 to 0.7)	.02	−28.5% (−44.3 to −3.8)
Hospital-onset	−3.1% (−14.5 to 10.3)	.62	Postimplementation	−0.1% (−0.4 to 0.0)	.02	−28.5% (−44.3 to −3.8)
Community-acquired	−4.7% (−12.0 to 3.6)	.18	Preimplementation	+0.2% (0.0 to 0.4)	.02	−19.2% (−31.6 to −2.6)
Community-acquired	−4.7% (−12.0 to 3.6)	.18	Postimplementation	−0.1% (−0.2 to 0.1)	.02	−19.2% (−31.6 to −2.6)
Klebsiella spp
Hospital-onset	−9.6% (−18.0 to −0.1)	.02	Preimplementation	+0.4% (0.2 to 0.8)	<.0001	−51.8% (−60.3 to −40.5)
Hospital-onset	−9.6% (−18.0 to −0.1)	.02	Postimplementation	−0.4% (−0.6 to −0.3)	<.0001	−51.8% (−60.3 to −40.5)
Community-acquired	−5.8% (−17.1 to 8.6)	.33	Preimplementation	+0.2% (−0.2 to 0.5)	.60	−10.8% (−29.9 to 27.9)
Community-acquired	−5.8% (−17.1 to 8.6)	.33	Postimplementation	+0.1% (−0.1 to 0.3)	.60	−10.8% (−29.9 to 27.9)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Hospital-onset	−3.1% (−15.6 to 11.8)	.63	Preimplementation	+0.1% (−0.2 to 0.5)	<.001	−50.3% (−64.3 to −26.6)
Hospital-onset	−3.1% (−15.6 to 11.8)	.63	Postimplementation	−0.6% (−0.8 to −0.4)	<.001	−50.3% (−64.3 to −26.6)
Community-acquired	+7.4% (−12.0 to 32.8)	.47	Preimplementation	−0.2% (−0.6 to 0.2)	.98	+9.9% (−34.4 to 173.4)
Community-acquired	+7.4% (−12.0 to 32.8)	.47	Postimplementation	−0.3% (−0.5 to 0.1)	.98	+9.9% (−34.4 to 173.4)
Subgroup analyses by MDR/non-MDR
MDR
Hospital-onset	−19.8% (−27.6 to 11.0)	<.0001	Preimplementation	+1.0% (0.6 to 1.5)	<.0001	−63.6% (−69.7 to −56.1)
Hospital-onset	−19.8% (−27.6 to 11.0)	<.0001	Postimplementation	−0.4% (−0.6 to −0.3)	<.0001	−63.6% (−69.7 to −56.1)
Community-acquired	−6.3% (−17.0 to 6.3)	.30	Preimplementation	+1.2% (0.7 to 2.0)	<.0001	−37.9% (−48.7 to −23.2)
Community-acquired	−6.3% (−17.0 to 6.3)	.30	Postimplementation	+0.0% (−0.2 to 0.2)	<.0001	−37.9% (−48.7 to −23.2)
Non-MDR
Hospital-onset	+5.5% (−3.8 to 16.1)	.17	Preimplementation	−0.1% (−0.3 to 0.1)	<.01	−19.3% (−36.0 to 6.5)
Hospital-onset	+5.5% (−3.8 to 16.1)	.17	Postimplementation	−0.4% (−0.5 to −0.2)	<.01	−19.3% (−36.0 to 6.5)
Community-acquired	−3.2% (−12.7 to 4.4)	.38	Preimplementation	−0.1% (−0.2 to 0.2)	.87	−4.5% (−24.2 to 17.3)
Community-acquired	−3.2% (−12.7 to 4.4)	.38	Postimplementation	−0.1% (−0.2 to 0.1)	.87	−4.5% (−24.2 to 17.3)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MDR, multidrug-resistant.

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