| . | N . | Sen (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | Spe (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | PLR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | NLR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | DOR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | AUC . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample type | ||||||||||||
| Urine | 17 | 0.73 (0.70–0.77) | 82.4 | 0.77 (0.75–0.79) | 88.1 | 3.68 (2.58–5.25) | 89 | 0.30 (0.20–0.46) | 88.8 | 13.09 (6.44–26.6) | 89.0 | 0.85 |
| Plasma/serum | 16 | 0.61 (0.57–0.65) | 92.0 | 0.80 (0.78–0.82) | 90.3 | 4.40 (2.86–6.77) | 88 | 0.36 (0.23–0.56) | 94.3 | 13.20 (6.10–28.59) | 87.6 | 0.88 |
| Characteristics of patient population | ||||||||||||
| Neonates/children | 15 | 0.71 (0.68–0.74) | 93.3 | 0.77 (0.75–0.79) | 94.4 | 5.05 (3.03–8.41) | 94 | 0.27 (0.14–0.52) | 97 | 19.37 (7.76–48.34) | 92.3 | 0.89 |
| Adults | 18 | 0.62 (0.58–0.66) | 79.0 | 0.80 (0.78–0.81) | 61.5 | 3.17 (2.53–3.98) | 63 | 90.40 (0.31–0.53) | 76.5 | 8.98 (5.47–14.73) | 70.6 | 0.83 |
| Adults without PRI | 6 | 0.78 (0.70–0.85) | 27.1 | 0.82 (0.78–0.86) | 60.9 | 4.32 (3.25–5.73) | 42.5 | 0.29 (0.21–0.40) | 0 | 15.43 (9.03–26.38) | 0 | 0.87 |
| Adults with PRI | 12 | 0.56 (0.51–0.61) | 79.4 | 0.79 (0.77–0.81) | 63.1 | 2.73 (2.13–3.48) | 61.5 | 0.48 (0.37–0.63) | 74.1 | 6.56 (3.79–11.34) | 70.4 | 0.81 |
| Measurement method | ||||||||||||
| Research-based assay | 19 | 0.76 (0.73–0.79) | 83.5 | 0.82 (0.80–0.84) | 77.1 | 4.52 (3.24–6.31) | 82.8 | 0.26 (0.16–0.41) | 89.2 | 19.22 (9.44–39.11) | 84.9 | 0.89 |
| Standardized platforms | 14 | 0.58 (0.54–0.62) | 91.0 | 0.76 (0.74–0.78) | 93.3 | 3.31 (2.27–4.83) | 89.0 | 0.43 (0.30–0.61) | 92.8 | 8.31 (4.20–16.43) | 87.5 | 0.81 |
| Studies with multivariable analyses provided | 12 | 0.78 (0.74–0.81) | 79.0 | 0.85 (0.83–0.87) | 41.37 | 6.39 (4.25–9.60) | 64.2 | 0.22 (0.12–0.39) | 137.5 | 32.09 (13.63–75.57) | 93.9 | |
| . | N . | Sen (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | Spe (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | PLR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | NLR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | DOR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | AUC . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample type | ||||||||||||
| Urine | 17 | 0.73 (0.70–0.77) | 82.4 | 0.77 (0.75–0.79) | 88.1 | 3.68 (2.58–5.25) | 89 | 0.30 (0.20–0.46) | 88.8 | 13.09 (6.44–26.6) | 89.0 | 0.85 |
| Plasma/serum | 16 | 0.61 (0.57–0.65) | 92.0 | 0.80 (0.78–0.82) | 90.3 | 4.40 (2.86–6.77) | 88 | 0.36 (0.23–0.56) | 94.3 | 13.20 (6.10–28.59) | 87.6 | 0.88 |
| Characteristics of patient population | ||||||||||||
| Neonates/children | 15 | 0.71 (0.68–0.74) | 93.3 | 0.77 (0.75–0.79) | 94.4 | 5.05 (3.03–8.41) | 94 | 0.27 (0.14–0.52) | 97 | 19.37 (7.76–48.34) | 92.3 | 0.89 |
| Adults | 18 | 0.62 (0.58–0.66) | 79.0 | 0.80 (0.78–0.81) | 61.5 | 3.17 (2.53–3.98) | 63 | 90.40 (0.31–0.53) | 76.5 | 8.98 (5.47–14.73) | 70.6 | 0.83 |
| Adults without PRI | 6 | 0.78 (0.70–0.85) | 27.1 | 0.82 (0.78–0.86) | 60.9 | 4.32 (3.25–5.73) | 42.5 | 0.29 (0.21–0.40) | 0 | 15.43 (9.03–26.38) | 0 | 0.87 |
| Adults with PRI | 12 | 0.56 (0.51–0.61) | 79.4 | 0.79 (0.77–0.81) | 63.1 | 2.73 (2.13–3.48) | 61.5 | 0.48 (0.37–0.63) | 74.1 | 6.56 (3.79–11.34) | 70.4 | 0.81 |
| Measurement method | ||||||||||||
| Research-based assay | 19 | 0.76 (0.73–0.79) | 83.5 | 0.82 (0.80–0.84) | 77.1 | 4.52 (3.24–6.31) | 82.8 | 0.26 (0.16–0.41) | 89.2 | 19.22 (9.44–39.11) | 84.9 | 0.89 |
| Standardized platforms | 14 | 0.58 (0.54–0.62) | 91.0 | 0.76 (0.74–0.78) | 93.3 | 3.31 (2.27–4.83) | 89.0 | 0.43 (0.30–0.61) | 92.8 | 8.31 (4.20–16.43) | 87.5 | 0.81 |
| Studies with multivariable analyses provided | 12 | 0.78 (0.74–0.81) | 79.0 | 0.85 (0.83–0.87) | 41.37 | 6.39 (4.25–9.60) | 64.2 | 0.22 (0.12–0.39) | 137.5 | 32.09 (13.63–75.57) | 93.9 | |
Sen: sensitivity; CIs: confidence intervals; Spe: specificity; PLR: positive likelihood ratio; NLR: negative likelihood ratio; DOR: diagnostic odds ratio; AUC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; PRI: pre-existing renal insufficiency.
| . | N . | Sen (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | Spe (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | PLR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | NLR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | DOR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | AUC . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample type | ||||||||||||
| Urine | 17 | 0.73 (0.70–0.77) | 82.4 | 0.77 (0.75–0.79) | 88.1 | 3.68 (2.58–5.25) | 89 | 0.30 (0.20–0.46) | 88.8 | 13.09 (6.44–26.6) | 89.0 | 0.85 |
| Plasma/serum | 16 | 0.61 (0.57–0.65) | 92.0 | 0.80 (0.78–0.82) | 90.3 | 4.40 (2.86–6.77) | 88 | 0.36 (0.23–0.56) | 94.3 | 13.20 (6.10–28.59) | 87.6 | 0.88 |
| Characteristics of patient population | ||||||||||||
| Neonates/children | 15 | 0.71 (0.68–0.74) | 93.3 | 0.77 (0.75–0.79) | 94.4 | 5.05 (3.03–8.41) | 94 | 0.27 (0.14–0.52) | 97 | 19.37 (7.76–48.34) | 92.3 | 0.89 |
| Adults | 18 | 0.62 (0.58–0.66) | 79.0 | 0.80 (0.78–0.81) | 61.5 | 3.17 (2.53–3.98) | 63 | 90.40 (0.31–0.53) | 76.5 | 8.98 (5.47–14.73) | 70.6 | 0.83 |
| Adults without PRI | 6 | 0.78 (0.70–0.85) | 27.1 | 0.82 (0.78–0.86) | 60.9 | 4.32 (3.25–5.73) | 42.5 | 0.29 (0.21–0.40) | 0 | 15.43 (9.03–26.38) | 0 | 0.87 |
| Adults with PRI | 12 | 0.56 (0.51–0.61) | 79.4 | 0.79 (0.77–0.81) | 63.1 | 2.73 (2.13–3.48) | 61.5 | 0.48 (0.37–0.63) | 74.1 | 6.56 (3.79–11.34) | 70.4 | 0.81 |
| Measurement method | ||||||||||||
| Research-based assay | 19 | 0.76 (0.73–0.79) | 83.5 | 0.82 (0.80–0.84) | 77.1 | 4.52 (3.24–6.31) | 82.8 | 0.26 (0.16–0.41) | 89.2 | 19.22 (9.44–39.11) | 84.9 | 0.89 |
| Standardized platforms | 14 | 0.58 (0.54–0.62) | 91.0 | 0.76 (0.74–0.78) | 93.3 | 3.31 (2.27–4.83) | 89.0 | 0.43 (0.30–0.61) | 92.8 | 8.31 (4.20–16.43) | 87.5 | 0.81 |
| Studies with multivariable analyses provided | 12 | 0.78 (0.74–0.81) | 79.0 | 0.85 (0.83–0.87) | 41.37 | 6.39 (4.25–9.60) | 64.2 | 0.22 (0.12–0.39) | 137.5 | 32.09 (13.63–75.57) | 93.9 | |
| . | N . | Sen (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | Spe (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | PLR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | NLR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | DOR (95% CI) . | I2 (%) . | AUC . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample type | ||||||||||||
| Urine | 17 | 0.73 (0.70–0.77) | 82.4 | 0.77 (0.75–0.79) | 88.1 | 3.68 (2.58–5.25) | 89 | 0.30 (0.20–0.46) | 88.8 | 13.09 (6.44–26.6) | 89.0 | 0.85 |
| Plasma/serum | 16 | 0.61 (0.57–0.65) | 92.0 | 0.80 (0.78–0.82) | 90.3 | 4.40 (2.86–6.77) | 88 | 0.36 (0.23–0.56) | 94.3 | 13.20 (6.10–28.59) | 87.6 | 0.88 |
| Characteristics of patient population | ||||||||||||
| Neonates/children | 15 | 0.71 (0.68–0.74) | 93.3 | 0.77 (0.75–0.79) | 94.4 | 5.05 (3.03–8.41) | 94 | 0.27 (0.14–0.52) | 97 | 19.37 (7.76–48.34) | 92.3 | 0.89 |
| Adults | 18 | 0.62 (0.58–0.66) | 79.0 | 0.80 (0.78–0.81) | 61.5 | 3.17 (2.53–3.98) | 63 | 90.40 (0.31–0.53) | 76.5 | 8.98 (5.47–14.73) | 70.6 | 0.83 |
| Adults without PRI | 6 | 0.78 (0.70–0.85) | 27.1 | 0.82 (0.78–0.86) | 60.9 | 4.32 (3.25–5.73) | 42.5 | 0.29 (0.21–0.40) | 0 | 15.43 (9.03–26.38) | 0 | 0.87 |
| Adults with PRI | 12 | 0.56 (0.51–0.61) | 79.4 | 0.79 (0.77–0.81) | 63.1 | 2.73 (2.13–3.48) | 61.5 | 0.48 (0.37–0.63) | 74.1 | 6.56 (3.79–11.34) | 70.4 | 0.81 |
| Measurement method | ||||||||||||
| Research-based assay | 19 | 0.76 (0.73–0.79) | 83.5 | 0.82 (0.80–0.84) | 77.1 | 4.52 (3.24–6.31) | 82.8 | 0.26 (0.16–0.41) | 89.2 | 19.22 (9.44–39.11) | 84.9 | 0.89 |
| Standardized platforms | 14 | 0.58 (0.54–0.62) | 91.0 | 0.76 (0.74–0.78) | 93.3 | 3.31 (2.27–4.83) | 89.0 | 0.43 (0.30–0.61) | 92.8 | 8.31 (4.20–16.43) | 87.5 | 0.81 |
| Studies with multivariable analyses provided | 12 | 0.78 (0.74–0.81) | 79.0 | 0.85 (0.83–0.87) | 41.37 | 6.39 (4.25–9.60) | 64.2 | 0.22 (0.12–0.39) | 137.5 | 32.09 (13.63–75.57) | 93.9 | |
Sen: sensitivity; CIs: confidence intervals; Spe: specificity; PLR: positive likelihood ratio; NLR: negative likelihood ratio; DOR: diagnostic odds ratio; AUC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; PRI: pre-existing renal insufficiency.
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