Baseline Demographical and Clinical Characteristics of the 23 Patients With Schizophrenia and Treatment-Resistant Auditory Verbal Hallucinations Receiving Either Active or Sham Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
| . | Active Group ( N = 11) . | Sham Group ( N = 12) . | P value . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | N . | Mean . | SD . | N . | Mean . | SD . | |
| Gender (male/female) | 8/3 | 7/5 | .7 | ||||
| Handedness (right-/left-handed) | 10/1 | 10/2 | 1 | ||||
| Age (y) | 36.7 | 9.7 | 37.3 | 9.7 | .9 | ||
| Illness duration (y) | 11.8 | 3.3 | 12.2 | 1.9 | .9 | ||
| PANSS score | |||||||
| Total | 67.6 | 14.7 | 74.3 | 9.6 | .8 | ||
| Positive | 18.5 | 4.4 | 19.8 | 4.2 | .5 | ||
| Negative | 18.1 | 5.5 | 19.4 | 4.6 | .7 | ||
| General | 31.0 | 8.2 | 35.1 | 6.0 | .2 | ||
| AHRS score | 27.2 | 4.1 | 27.8 | 8.0 | .5 | ||
| Olanzapine equivalent dose (mg/d) | 23.0 | 11.4 | 25.4 | 12.3 | .5 | ||
| . | Active Group ( N = 11) . | Sham Group ( N = 12) . | P value . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | N . | Mean . | SD . | N . | Mean . | SD . | |
| Gender (male/female) | 8/3 | 7/5 | .7 | ||||
| Handedness (right-/left-handed) | 10/1 | 10/2 | 1 | ||||
| Age (y) | 36.7 | 9.7 | 37.3 | 9.7 | .9 | ||
| Illness duration (y) | 11.8 | 3.3 | 12.2 | 1.9 | .9 | ||
| PANSS score | |||||||
| Total | 67.6 | 14.7 | 74.3 | 9.6 | .8 | ||
| Positive | 18.5 | 4.4 | 19.8 | 4.2 | .5 | ||
| Negative | 18.1 | 5.5 | 19.4 | 4.6 | .7 | ||
| General | 31.0 | 8.2 | 35.1 | 6.0 | .2 | ||
| AHRS score | 27.2 | 4.1 | 27.8 | 8.0 | .5 | ||
| Olanzapine equivalent dose (mg/d) | 23.0 | 11.4 | 25.4 | 12.3 | .5 | ||
Note : PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; AHRS, Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale. Mann–Whitney U tests and chi-square tests were conducted to assess group differences for continuous and discrete variables, respectively.
Baseline Demographical and Clinical Characteristics of the 23 Patients With Schizophrenia and Treatment-Resistant Auditory Verbal Hallucinations Receiving Either Active or Sham Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
| . | Active Group ( N = 11) . | Sham Group ( N = 12) . | P value . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | N . | Mean . | SD . | N . | Mean . | SD . | |
| Gender (male/female) | 8/3 | 7/5 | .7 | ||||
| Handedness (right-/left-handed) | 10/1 | 10/2 | 1 | ||||
| Age (y) | 36.7 | 9.7 | 37.3 | 9.7 | .9 | ||
| Illness duration (y) | 11.8 | 3.3 | 12.2 | 1.9 | .9 | ||
| PANSS score | |||||||
| Total | 67.6 | 14.7 | 74.3 | 9.6 | .8 | ||
| Positive | 18.5 | 4.4 | 19.8 | 4.2 | .5 | ||
| Negative | 18.1 | 5.5 | 19.4 | 4.6 | .7 | ||
| General | 31.0 | 8.2 | 35.1 | 6.0 | .2 | ||
| AHRS score | 27.2 | 4.1 | 27.8 | 8.0 | .5 | ||
| Olanzapine equivalent dose (mg/d) | 23.0 | 11.4 | 25.4 | 12.3 | .5 | ||
| . | Active Group ( N = 11) . | Sham Group ( N = 12) . | P value . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | N . | Mean . | SD . | N . | Mean . | SD . | |
| Gender (male/female) | 8/3 | 7/5 | .7 | ||||
| Handedness (right-/left-handed) | 10/1 | 10/2 | 1 | ||||
| Age (y) | 36.7 | 9.7 | 37.3 | 9.7 | .9 | ||
| Illness duration (y) | 11.8 | 3.3 | 12.2 | 1.9 | .9 | ||
| PANSS score | |||||||
| Total | 67.6 | 14.7 | 74.3 | 9.6 | .8 | ||
| Positive | 18.5 | 4.4 | 19.8 | 4.2 | .5 | ||
| Negative | 18.1 | 5.5 | 19.4 | 4.6 | .7 | ||
| General | 31.0 | 8.2 | 35.1 | 6.0 | .2 | ||
| AHRS score | 27.2 | 4.1 | 27.8 | 8.0 | .5 | ||
| Olanzapine equivalent dose (mg/d) | 23.0 | 11.4 | 25.4 | 12.3 | .5 | ||
Note : PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; AHRS, Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale. Mann–Whitney U tests and chi-square tests were conducted to assess group differences for continuous and discrete variables, respectively.
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