Characteristics of Participants at Time of Cortisol Assessment (2002–2004) by Glucose Status at Phase 11 (2012–2013)
| . | N . | Normoglycemic (n = 2542) . | IFG (n = 518) . | Incident Diabetes (n = 210) . | Pa . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (sd) | 3270 | 60.94 ± 5.90 | 60.13 ± 5.72 | 61.45 ± 6.03 | .005 |
| Gender (% men) | 3270 | 1862 (73.2%) | 433 (83.6%) | 160 (76.2%) | .001 |
| Smoker (% yes) | 3268 | 172 (6.8%) | 25 (4.8%) | 15 (7.1%) | .433 |
| Employment grade (% lowest) | 3261 | 189 (7.4%) | 20 (3.9%) | 28 (13.5%) | .001 |
| Mean BMI (sd) | 3257 | 26. 18 ± 4.13 | 27.16 ± 3.76 | 29.18 ± 4.74 | .001 |
| Cardiovascular medication (% yes) | 3270 | 626 (24.6%) | 146 (28.2%) | 89 (42.4%) | .001 |
| History of CHD (% yes) | 3169 | 299 (12.1%) | 62 (12.4%) | 46 (22.9%) | .001 |
| Waking cortisol (nmol/liter) | 3270 | 15.99 ± 7.2 | 15.19 ± 7.07 | 15.41 ± 7.07 | .066 |
| CAR (nmol/liter) | 3270 | 7.35 ± 10.9 | 8.65 ± 11.31 | 7.04 ± 10.61 | .102 |
| Slope across the day (nmol/liter per h)b | 3270 | −0.1304 ± 0.022 | −0.1288 ± 0.022 | −0.1274 ± 0.023 | .083 |
| Bedtime cortisol (nmol/liter) | 3270 | 2.33 ± 3.03 | 2.36 ± 2.83 | 2.42 ± 2.07 | .895 |
| . | N . | Normoglycemic (n = 2542) . | IFG (n = 518) . | Incident Diabetes (n = 210) . | Pa . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (sd) | 3270 | 60.94 ± 5.90 | 60.13 ± 5.72 | 61.45 ± 6.03 | .005 |
| Gender (% men) | 3270 | 1862 (73.2%) | 433 (83.6%) | 160 (76.2%) | .001 |
| Smoker (% yes) | 3268 | 172 (6.8%) | 25 (4.8%) | 15 (7.1%) | .433 |
| Employment grade (% lowest) | 3261 | 189 (7.4%) | 20 (3.9%) | 28 (13.5%) | .001 |
| Mean BMI (sd) | 3257 | 26. 18 ± 4.13 | 27.16 ± 3.76 | 29.18 ± 4.74 | .001 |
| Cardiovascular medication (% yes) | 3270 | 626 (24.6%) | 146 (28.2%) | 89 (42.4%) | .001 |
| History of CHD (% yes) | 3169 | 299 (12.1%) | 62 (12.4%) | 46 (22.9%) | .001 |
| Waking cortisol (nmol/liter) | 3270 | 15.99 ± 7.2 | 15.19 ± 7.07 | 15.41 ± 7.07 | .066 |
| CAR (nmol/liter) | 3270 | 7.35 ± 10.9 | 8.65 ± 11.31 | 7.04 ± 10.61 | .102 |
| Slope across the day (nmol/liter per h)b | 3270 | −0.1304 ± 0.022 | −0.1288 ± 0.022 | −0.1274 ± 0.023 | .083 |
| Bedtime cortisol (nmol/liter) | 3270 | 2.33 ± 3.03 | 2.36 ± 2.83 | 2.42 ± 2.07 | .895 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAR, cortisol awakening response; CHD, coronary heart disease; IFG, impaired fasting glucose.
Means ± sd and N (%). Bold typeface indicates a statistically significant difference.
P values refer to an overall comparison of the three groups.
To calculate the slope, cortisol values were log-transformed
Characteristics of Participants at Time of Cortisol Assessment (2002–2004) by Glucose Status at Phase 11 (2012–2013)
| . | N . | Normoglycemic (n = 2542) . | IFG (n = 518) . | Incident Diabetes (n = 210) . | Pa . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (sd) | 3270 | 60.94 ± 5.90 | 60.13 ± 5.72 | 61.45 ± 6.03 | .005 |
| Gender (% men) | 3270 | 1862 (73.2%) | 433 (83.6%) | 160 (76.2%) | .001 |
| Smoker (% yes) | 3268 | 172 (6.8%) | 25 (4.8%) | 15 (7.1%) | .433 |
| Employment grade (% lowest) | 3261 | 189 (7.4%) | 20 (3.9%) | 28 (13.5%) | .001 |
| Mean BMI (sd) | 3257 | 26. 18 ± 4.13 | 27.16 ± 3.76 | 29.18 ± 4.74 | .001 |
| Cardiovascular medication (% yes) | 3270 | 626 (24.6%) | 146 (28.2%) | 89 (42.4%) | .001 |
| History of CHD (% yes) | 3169 | 299 (12.1%) | 62 (12.4%) | 46 (22.9%) | .001 |
| Waking cortisol (nmol/liter) | 3270 | 15.99 ± 7.2 | 15.19 ± 7.07 | 15.41 ± 7.07 | .066 |
| CAR (nmol/liter) | 3270 | 7.35 ± 10.9 | 8.65 ± 11.31 | 7.04 ± 10.61 | .102 |
| Slope across the day (nmol/liter per h)b | 3270 | −0.1304 ± 0.022 | −0.1288 ± 0.022 | −0.1274 ± 0.023 | .083 |
| Bedtime cortisol (nmol/liter) | 3270 | 2.33 ± 3.03 | 2.36 ± 2.83 | 2.42 ± 2.07 | .895 |
| . | N . | Normoglycemic (n = 2542) . | IFG (n = 518) . | Incident Diabetes (n = 210) . | Pa . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (sd) | 3270 | 60.94 ± 5.90 | 60.13 ± 5.72 | 61.45 ± 6.03 | .005 |
| Gender (% men) | 3270 | 1862 (73.2%) | 433 (83.6%) | 160 (76.2%) | .001 |
| Smoker (% yes) | 3268 | 172 (6.8%) | 25 (4.8%) | 15 (7.1%) | .433 |
| Employment grade (% lowest) | 3261 | 189 (7.4%) | 20 (3.9%) | 28 (13.5%) | .001 |
| Mean BMI (sd) | 3257 | 26. 18 ± 4.13 | 27.16 ± 3.76 | 29.18 ± 4.74 | .001 |
| Cardiovascular medication (% yes) | 3270 | 626 (24.6%) | 146 (28.2%) | 89 (42.4%) | .001 |
| History of CHD (% yes) | 3169 | 299 (12.1%) | 62 (12.4%) | 46 (22.9%) | .001 |
| Waking cortisol (nmol/liter) | 3270 | 15.99 ± 7.2 | 15.19 ± 7.07 | 15.41 ± 7.07 | .066 |
| CAR (nmol/liter) | 3270 | 7.35 ± 10.9 | 8.65 ± 11.31 | 7.04 ± 10.61 | .102 |
| Slope across the day (nmol/liter per h)b | 3270 | −0.1304 ± 0.022 | −0.1288 ± 0.022 | −0.1274 ± 0.023 | .083 |
| Bedtime cortisol (nmol/liter) | 3270 | 2.33 ± 3.03 | 2.36 ± 2.83 | 2.42 ± 2.07 | .895 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAR, cortisol awakening response; CHD, coronary heart disease; IFG, impaired fasting glucose.
Means ± sd and N (%). Bold typeface indicates a statistically significant difference.
P values refer to an overall comparison of the three groups.
To calculate the slope, cortisol values were log-transformed
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