Abnormal structural connectivity of cortico-striatal and thalamo-cortical pathways in patients with GTS
| Cortical area . | Side . | Connectivity . | F . | P . | FA . | F . | P . | λ⊥ . | F . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temporo-parietal junction | L | ↑ | 8.228 | <0.0001 | ↑ | 6.189 | 0.014 | |||
| R | ↑ | 3.984 | 0.009 | |||||||
| Anterior cingulate cortex | L | ↓ | 5.664 | 0.001 | ↑ | 4.151 | 0.043 | ↓ | 6.682 | 0.010 |
| Fusiform gurus | L | ↓ | 3.047 | 0.030 | ↑ | 10.695 | 0.001 | ↓ | 7.777 | 0.006 |
| R | ↑ | 8.300 | 0.004 | |||||||
| Inferior parietal cortex | L | ↑ | 9.589 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 7.513 | <0.0001 | ↑ | 6.029 | 0.015 | ||||
| Lateral orbito-frontal cortex | L | ↑ | 3.583 | 0.015 | ↓ | 7.416 | 0.007 | |||
| R | ↑ | 2.788 | 0.041 | |||||||
| Medial orbito-frontal cortex | L | ↑ | 3.379 | 0.019 | ↑ | 7.915 | 0.005 | ↓ | 16.001 | <0.0001 |
| Middle temporal cortex | L | ↑ | 6.123 | 0.001 | ↑ | 8.473 | 0.004 | |||
| R | ↑ | 3.724 | 0.012 | |||||||
| Paracentral lobule and SMA | L | ↑ | 2.948 | 0.034 | ↑ | 9.792 | 0.002 | |||
| Inferior frontal gurus | L | ↑ | 6.395 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 5.983 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Primary sensory cortex | L | ↑ | 6.874 | <0.0001 | ↓ | 5.277 | 0.023 | |||
| R | ↑ | 6.289 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Middle cingulate cortex | L | ↓ | 2.803 | 0.041 | ↓ | 3.929 | 0.049 | |||
| Primary motor cortex | L | ↑ | 3.612 | 0.014 | ↑ | 5.668 | 0.018 | ↓ | 10.366 | < 0.0001 |
| Frontal pole | L | ↑ | 3.781 | 0.011 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 5.756 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Superior parietal cortex | L | ↑ | 4.948 | 0.002 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 9.346 | <0.0001 |
| Cortical area . | Side . | Connectivity . | F . | P . | FA . | F . | P . | λ⊥ . | F . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temporo-parietal junction | L | ↑ | 8.228 | <0.0001 | ↑ | 6.189 | 0.014 | |||
| R | ↑ | 3.984 | 0.009 | |||||||
| Anterior cingulate cortex | L | ↓ | 5.664 | 0.001 | ↑ | 4.151 | 0.043 | ↓ | 6.682 | 0.010 |
| Fusiform gurus | L | ↓ | 3.047 | 0.030 | ↑ | 10.695 | 0.001 | ↓ | 7.777 | 0.006 |
| R | ↑ | 8.300 | 0.004 | |||||||
| Inferior parietal cortex | L | ↑ | 9.589 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 7.513 | <0.0001 | ↑ | 6.029 | 0.015 | ||||
| Lateral orbito-frontal cortex | L | ↑ | 3.583 | 0.015 | ↓ | 7.416 | 0.007 | |||
| R | ↑ | 2.788 | 0.041 | |||||||
| Medial orbito-frontal cortex | L | ↑ | 3.379 | 0.019 | ↑ | 7.915 | 0.005 | ↓ | 16.001 | <0.0001 |
| Middle temporal cortex | L | ↑ | 6.123 | 0.001 | ↑ | 8.473 | 0.004 | |||
| R | ↑ | 3.724 | 0.012 | |||||||
| Paracentral lobule and SMA | L | ↑ | 2.948 | 0.034 | ↑ | 9.792 | 0.002 | |||
| Inferior frontal gurus | L | ↑ | 6.395 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 5.983 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Primary sensory cortex | L | ↑ | 6.874 | <0.0001 | ↓ | 5.277 | 0.023 | |||
| R | ↑ | 6.289 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Middle cingulate cortex | L | ↓ | 2.803 | 0.041 | ↓ | 3.929 | 0.049 | |||
| Primary motor cortex | L | ↑ | 3.612 | 0.014 | ↑ | 5.668 | 0.018 | ↓ | 10.366 | < 0.0001 |
| Frontal pole | L | ↑ | 3.781 | 0.011 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 5.756 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Superior parietal cortex | L | ↑ | 4.948 | 0.002 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 9.346 | <0.0001 |
L = left hemisphere, R = right hemisphere; ↑ = enhanced structural connectivity in GTS compared to healthy controls; ↓ = diminished structural connectivity in GTS compared to healthy controls; FA = fractional anisotropy; λ⊥ = radial diffusivity coefficient; SMA = supplementary motor cortex.
Abnormal structural connectivity of cortico-striatal and thalamo-cortical pathways in patients with GTS
| Cortical area . | Side . | Connectivity . | F . | P . | FA . | F . | P . | λ⊥ . | F . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temporo-parietal junction | L | ↑ | 8.228 | <0.0001 | ↑ | 6.189 | 0.014 | |||
| R | ↑ | 3.984 | 0.009 | |||||||
| Anterior cingulate cortex | L | ↓ | 5.664 | 0.001 | ↑ | 4.151 | 0.043 | ↓ | 6.682 | 0.010 |
| Fusiform gurus | L | ↓ | 3.047 | 0.030 | ↑ | 10.695 | 0.001 | ↓ | 7.777 | 0.006 |
| R | ↑ | 8.300 | 0.004 | |||||||
| Inferior parietal cortex | L | ↑ | 9.589 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 7.513 | <0.0001 | ↑ | 6.029 | 0.015 | ||||
| Lateral orbito-frontal cortex | L | ↑ | 3.583 | 0.015 | ↓ | 7.416 | 0.007 | |||
| R | ↑ | 2.788 | 0.041 | |||||||
| Medial orbito-frontal cortex | L | ↑ | 3.379 | 0.019 | ↑ | 7.915 | 0.005 | ↓ | 16.001 | <0.0001 |
| Middle temporal cortex | L | ↑ | 6.123 | 0.001 | ↑ | 8.473 | 0.004 | |||
| R | ↑ | 3.724 | 0.012 | |||||||
| Paracentral lobule and SMA | L | ↑ | 2.948 | 0.034 | ↑ | 9.792 | 0.002 | |||
| Inferior frontal gurus | L | ↑ | 6.395 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 5.983 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Primary sensory cortex | L | ↑ | 6.874 | <0.0001 | ↓ | 5.277 | 0.023 | |||
| R | ↑ | 6.289 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Middle cingulate cortex | L | ↓ | 2.803 | 0.041 | ↓ | 3.929 | 0.049 | |||
| Primary motor cortex | L | ↑ | 3.612 | 0.014 | ↑ | 5.668 | 0.018 | ↓ | 10.366 | < 0.0001 |
| Frontal pole | L | ↑ | 3.781 | 0.011 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 5.756 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Superior parietal cortex | L | ↑ | 4.948 | 0.002 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 9.346 | <0.0001 |
| Cortical area . | Side . | Connectivity . | F . | P . | FA . | F . | P . | λ⊥ . | F . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temporo-parietal junction | L | ↑ | 8.228 | <0.0001 | ↑ | 6.189 | 0.014 | |||
| R | ↑ | 3.984 | 0.009 | |||||||
| Anterior cingulate cortex | L | ↓ | 5.664 | 0.001 | ↑ | 4.151 | 0.043 | ↓ | 6.682 | 0.010 |
| Fusiform gurus | L | ↓ | 3.047 | 0.030 | ↑ | 10.695 | 0.001 | ↓ | 7.777 | 0.006 |
| R | ↑ | 8.300 | 0.004 | |||||||
| Inferior parietal cortex | L | ↑ | 9.589 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 7.513 | <0.0001 | ↑ | 6.029 | 0.015 | ||||
| Lateral orbito-frontal cortex | L | ↑ | 3.583 | 0.015 | ↓ | 7.416 | 0.007 | |||
| R | ↑ | 2.788 | 0.041 | |||||||
| Medial orbito-frontal cortex | L | ↑ | 3.379 | 0.019 | ↑ | 7.915 | 0.005 | ↓ | 16.001 | <0.0001 |
| Middle temporal cortex | L | ↑ | 6.123 | 0.001 | ↑ | 8.473 | 0.004 | |||
| R | ↑ | 3.724 | 0.012 | |||||||
| Paracentral lobule and SMA | L | ↑ | 2.948 | 0.034 | ↑ | 9.792 | 0.002 | |||
| Inferior frontal gurus | L | ↑ | 6.395 | <0.0001 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 5.983 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Primary sensory cortex | L | ↑ | 6.874 | <0.0001 | ↓ | 5.277 | 0.023 | |||
| R | ↑ | 6.289 | <0.0001 | |||||||
| Middle cingulate cortex | L | ↓ | 2.803 | 0.041 | ↓ | 3.929 | 0.049 | |||
| Primary motor cortex | L | ↑ | 3.612 | 0.014 | ↑ | 5.668 | 0.018 | ↓ | 10.366 | < 0.0001 |
| Frontal pole | L | ↑ | 3.781 | 0.011 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 5.756 | 0.001 | |||||||
| Superior parietal cortex | L | ↑ | 4.948 | 0.002 | ||||||
| R | ↑ | 9.346 | <0.0001 |
L = left hemisphere, R = right hemisphere; ↑ = enhanced structural connectivity in GTS compared to healthy controls; ↓ = diminished structural connectivity in GTS compared to healthy controls; FA = fractional anisotropy; λ⊥ = radial diffusivity coefficient; SMA = supplementary motor cortex.
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