Emergence and fading of resistance mutations among infants with K65R in the KiBS, 2003–09, Kenya
| Infant . | Timepoint (weeks) . | VL (log10 copies/mL) . | Resistance mutations . | Maternal VL (log10 copies/mL) . | Maternal resistance mutations . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0066.8a | 2 | 4.42 | WT | 2.74 | c |
| 6 | 5.81 | WT | undetectable | — | |
| 14 | 3.97 | K65R, G190A | undetectable | — | |
| 24 | 4.25 | D67N, T215F, G190A | 3.43 | c | |
| 36 | D67N, K70R, M184V, K103N, T215F, G190A, K238T | — | — | ||
| 1.0079.3a | 2 | 4.73 | WT | 4.90 | WT |
| 6 | 5.57 | Y181C, G190A | 2.97 | c | |
| 14 | 3.87 | K65R, M184I/V, K101E, K103N, Y181C, G190A | 3.87 | c | |
| 24 | 3.94 | M184V, K101E, G190A | undetectable | — | |
| 36 | 6.15 | M184V, K101E, G190A | — | ||
| 1.0410.4 | 2 | negative | — | undetectable | — |
| 6 | 4.64 | M184I/V | |||
| 14 | 5.43 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | — | |
| 24 | 5.51 | M184V, T215Y | undetectable | — | |
| 36 | 5.74 | T215D | undetectable | — | |
| 1.0457.9b | 2 | c | c | undetectable | — |
| 6 | 5.26 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | — | |
| 14 | 5.92 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | — | |
| 24 | 5.92 | K65R | undetectable | — | |
| 36 | 4.35 | M184V | — | — | |
| 1.0472.8b | 2 | 3.48 | WT | 3.13 | WT |
| 6 | 5.85 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | ||
| 14 | 5.79 | K65R, M184V K103N, Y181C | undetectable | ||
| 24 | 6.51 | K65R, M184V, K103N, Y181C | 3.84 | M184V, K103N | |
| 36 | 3.37 | M184V, K103N, Y181C | — | — | |
| 1.0496.8 | 2 | 3.26 | c | undetectable | |
| 6 | 5.48 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | ||
| 14 | 5.99 | M184V | undetectable | ||
| 24 | 5.79 | M184V | 4.50 | WT | |
| 36 | 5.30 | WT | — | — |
| Infant . | Timepoint (weeks) . | VL (log10 copies/mL) . | Resistance mutations . | Maternal VL (log10 copies/mL) . | Maternal resistance mutations . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0066.8a | 2 | 4.42 | WT | 2.74 | c |
| 6 | 5.81 | WT | undetectable | — | |
| 14 | 3.97 | K65R, G190A | undetectable | — | |
| 24 | 4.25 | D67N, T215F, G190A | 3.43 | c | |
| 36 | D67N, K70R, M184V, K103N, T215F, G190A, K238T | — | — | ||
| 1.0079.3a | 2 | 4.73 | WT | 4.90 | WT |
| 6 | 5.57 | Y181C, G190A | 2.97 | c | |
| 14 | 3.87 | K65R, M184I/V, K101E, K103N, Y181C, G190A | 3.87 | c | |
| 24 | 3.94 | M184V, K101E, G190A | undetectable | — | |
| 36 | 6.15 | M184V, K101E, G190A | — | ||
| 1.0410.4 | 2 | negative | — | undetectable | — |
| 6 | 4.64 | M184I/V | |||
| 14 | 5.43 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | — | |
| 24 | 5.51 | M184V, T215Y | undetectable | — | |
| 36 | 5.74 | T215D | undetectable | — | |
| 1.0457.9b | 2 | c | c | undetectable | — |
| 6 | 5.26 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | — | |
| 14 | 5.92 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | — | |
| 24 | 5.92 | K65R | undetectable | — | |
| 36 | 4.35 | M184V | — | — | |
| 1.0472.8b | 2 | 3.48 | WT | 3.13 | WT |
| 6 | 5.85 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | ||
| 14 | 5.79 | K65R, M184V K103N, Y181C | undetectable | ||
| 24 | 6.51 | K65R, M184V, K103N, Y181C | 3.84 | M184V, K103N | |
| 36 | 3.37 | M184V, K103N, Y181C | — | — | |
| 1.0496.8 | 2 | 3.26 | c | undetectable | |
| 6 | 5.48 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | ||
| 14 | 5.99 | M184V | undetectable | ||
| 24 | 5.79 | M184V | 4.50 | WT | |
| 36 | 5.30 | WT | — | — |
The table shows viral load and HIV resistance patterns over the different study visits in the six infants who acquired K65R together with maternal information at corresponding visits. The K65R mutation is highlighted in bold at each timepoint. Four infants started treatment at 6 months.
aStarted NNRTI-based regimen.
bStarted PI-based regimen.
cNot performed because of insufficient sample or failed amplification.
Emergence and fading of resistance mutations among infants with K65R in the KiBS, 2003–09, Kenya
| Infant . | Timepoint (weeks) . | VL (log10 copies/mL) . | Resistance mutations . | Maternal VL (log10 copies/mL) . | Maternal resistance mutations . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0066.8a | 2 | 4.42 | WT | 2.74 | c |
| 6 | 5.81 | WT | undetectable | — | |
| 14 | 3.97 | K65R, G190A | undetectable | — | |
| 24 | 4.25 | D67N, T215F, G190A | 3.43 | c | |
| 36 | D67N, K70R, M184V, K103N, T215F, G190A, K238T | — | — | ||
| 1.0079.3a | 2 | 4.73 | WT | 4.90 | WT |
| 6 | 5.57 | Y181C, G190A | 2.97 | c | |
| 14 | 3.87 | K65R, M184I/V, K101E, K103N, Y181C, G190A | 3.87 | c | |
| 24 | 3.94 | M184V, K101E, G190A | undetectable | — | |
| 36 | 6.15 | M184V, K101E, G190A | — | ||
| 1.0410.4 | 2 | negative | — | undetectable | — |
| 6 | 4.64 | M184I/V | |||
| 14 | 5.43 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | — | |
| 24 | 5.51 | M184V, T215Y | undetectable | — | |
| 36 | 5.74 | T215D | undetectable | — | |
| 1.0457.9b | 2 | c | c | undetectable | — |
| 6 | 5.26 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | — | |
| 14 | 5.92 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | — | |
| 24 | 5.92 | K65R | undetectable | — | |
| 36 | 4.35 | M184V | — | — | |
| 1.0472.8b | 2 | 3.48 | WT | 3.13 | WT |
| 6 | 5.85 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | ||
| 14 | 5.79 | K65R, M184V K103N, Y181C | undetectable | ||
| 24 | 6.51 | K65R, M184V, K103N, Y181C | 3.84 | M184V, K103N | |
| 36 | 3.37 | M184V, K103N, Y181C | — | — | |
| 1.0496.8 | 2 | 3.26 | c | undetectable | |
| 6 | 5.48 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | ||
| 14 | 5.99 | M184V | undetectable | ||
| 24 | 5.79 | M184V | 4.50 | WT | |
| 36 | 5.30 | WT | — | — |
| Infant . | Timepoint (weeks) . | VL (log10 copies/mL) . | Resistance mutations . | Maternal VL (log10 copies/mL) . | Maternal resistance mutations . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0066.8a | 2 | 4.42 | WT | 2.74 | c |
| 6 | 5.81 | WT | undetectable | — | |
| 14 | 3.97 | K65R, G190A | undetectable | — | |
| 24 | 4.25 | D67N, T215F, G190A | 3.43 | c | |
| 36 | D67N, K70R, M184V, K103N, T215F, G190A, K238T | — | — | ||
| 1.0079.3a | 2 | 4.73 | WT | 4.90 | WT |
| 6 | 5.57 | Y181C, G190A | 2.97 | c | |
| 14 | 3.87 | K65R, M184I/V, K101E, K103N, Y181C, G190A | 3.87 | c | |
| 24 | 3.94 | M184V, K101E, G190A | undetectable | — | |
| 36 | 6.15 | M184V, K101E, G190A | — | ||
| 1.0410.4 | 2 | negative | — | undetectable | — |
| 6 | 4.64 | M184I/V | |||
| 14 | 5.43 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | — | |
| 24 | 5.51 | M184V, T215Y | undetectable | — | |
| 36 | 5.74 | T215D | undetectable | — | |
| 1.0457.9b | 2 | c | c | undetectable | — |
| 6 | 5.26 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | — | |
| 14 | 5.92 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | — | |
| 24 | 5.92 | K65R | undetectable | — | |
| 36 | 4.35 | M184V | — | — | |
| 1.0472.8b | 2 | 3.48 | WT | 3.13 | WT |
| 6 | 5.85 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | ||
| 14 | 5.79 | K65R, M184V K103N, Y181C | undetectable | ||
| 24 | 6.51 | K65R, M184V, K103N, Y181C | 3.84 | M184V, K103N | |
| 36 | 3.37 | M184V, K103N, Y181C | — | — | |
| 1.0496.8 | 2 | 3.26 | c | undetectable | |
| 6 | 5.48 | K65R, M184V | undetectable | ||
| 14 | 5.99 | M184V | undetectable | ||
| 24 | 5.79 | M184V | 4.50 | WT | |
| 36 | 5.30 | WT | — | — |
The table shows viral load and HIV resistance patterns over the different study visits in the six infants who acquired K65R together with maternal information at corresponding visits. The K65R mutation is highlighted in bold at each timepoint. Four infants started treatment at 6 months.
aStarted NNRTI-based regimen.
bStarted PI-based regimen.
cNot performed because of insufficient sample or failed amplification.
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