Table 2.
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Circulating Hormones and Metabolites During the 72 h Fasting

0 h24 h48 h72 h
FastingFasting Plus GHAFastingFasting Plus GHAFastingFasting Plus GHAFastingFasting Plus GHA
Glucose, mmol/L5.3 
(4.8–5.8)5.4 
(4.7–6.2)5.0 
(4.8–5.3)5.2 
(5.0–5.4)4.1 
(3.9–4.4)4.2 
(3.9–4.4)4.0 
(3.7–4.3)3.9 
(3.6–4.3)
FFA, mmol/L0.14 
(0.05–0.23)0.14 
(0.09–0.19)0.50 
(0.41–0.58)0.48 
(0.35–0.61)0.67 
(0.51–0.83)0.81 
(0.60–1.04)1.12
(0.90–1.34)1.28 
(1.06–1.50)
BHB, μmol/L15.8 
(11.4–20.3)17.1 
(8.0–26.2)120 
(71–170)123 
(70–176)1192 
(748–1636)1186 
(672–1699)2327 
(1598–3056)2268 
(1659–2876)
Insulin, pmol/L185 
(103–334)161 
(97–269)48 
(36–63)48 
(33–70)27 
(21–35)33 
(25–44)31 
(22–45)34 
(26–46)
C-peptide, pmol/L1023 
(603–1443)1013 
(748–1278)314 
(224–404)356 
(263–450)185 
(135–235)230 
(151–310)213 
(149–277)254 
(162–346)
0 h24 h48 h72 h
FastingFasting Plus GHAFastingFasting Plus GHAFastingFasting Plus GHAFastingFasting Plus GHA
Glucose, mmol/L5.3 
(4.8–5.8)5.4 
(4.7–6.2)5.0 
(4.8–5.3)5.2 
(5.0–5.4)4.1 
(3.9–4.4)4.2 
(3.9–4.4)4.0 
(3.7–4.3)3.9 
(3.6–4.3)
FFA, mmol/L0.14 
(0.05–0.23)0.14 
(0.09–0.19)0.50 
(0.41–0.58)0.48 
(0.35–0.61)0.67 
(0.51–0.83)0.81 
(0.60–1.04)1.12
(0.90–1.34)1.28 
(1.06–1.50)
BHB, μmol/L15.8 
(11.4–20.3)17.1 
(8.0–26.2)120 
(71–170)123 
(70–176)1192 
(748–1636)1186 
(672–1699)2327 
(1598–3056)2268 
(1659–2876)
Insulin, pmol/L185 
(103–334)161 
(97–269)48 
(36–63)48 
(33–70)27 
(21–35)33 
(25–44)31 
(22–45)34 
(26–46)
C-peptide, pmol/L1023 
(603–1443)1013 
(748–1278)314 
(224–404)356 
(263–450)185 
(135–235)230 
(151–310)213 
(149–277)254 
(162–346)

Serum concentrations of pertinent hormones and metabolites during fasting and fasting plus GHA presented as (geometric) mean (95% confidence interval).

Table 2.
Open in new tab

Circulating Hormones and Metabolites During the 72 h Fasting

0 h24 h48 h72 h
FastingFasting Plus GHAFastingFasting Plus GHAFastingFasting Plus GHAFastingFasting Plus GHA
Glucose, mmol/L5.3 
(4.8–5.8)5.4 
(4.7–6.2)5.0 
(4.8–5.3)5.2 
(5.0–5.4)4.1 
(3.9–4.4)4.2 
(3.9–4.4)4.0 
(3.7–4.3)3.9 
(3.6–4.3)
FFA, mmol/L0.14 
(0.05–0.23)0.14 
(0.09–0.19)0.50 
(0.41–0.58)0.48 
(0.35–0.61)0.67 
(0.51–0.83)0.81 
(0.60–1.04)1.12
(0.90–1.34)1.28 
(1.06–1.50)
BHB, μmol/L15.8 
(11.4–20.3)17.1 
(8.0–26.2)120 
(71–170)123 
(70–176)1192 
(748–1636)1186 
(672–1699)2327 
(1598–3056)2268 
(1659–2876)
Insulin, pmol/L185 
(103–334)161 
(97–269)48 
(36–63)48 
(33–70)27 
(21–35)33 
(25–44)31 
(22–45)34 
(26–46)
C-peptide, pmol/L1023 
(603–1443)1013 
(748–1278)314 
(224–404)356 
(263–450)185 
(135–235)230 
(151–310)213 
(149–277)254 
(162–346)
0 h24 h48 h72 h
FastingFasting Plus GHAFastingFasting Plus GHAFastingFasting Plus GHAFastingFasting Plus GHA
Glucose, mmol/L5.3 
(4.8–5.8)5.4 
(4.7–6.2)5.0 
(4.8–5.3)5.2 
(5.0–5.4)4.1 
(3.9–4.4)4.2 
(3.9–4.4)4.0 
(3.7–4.3)3.9 
(3.6–4.3)
FFA, mmol/L0.14 
(0.05–0.23)0.14 
(0.09–0.19)0.50 
(0.41–0.58)0.48 
(0.35–0.61)0.67 
(0.51–0.83)0.81 
(0.60–1.04)1.12
(0.90–1.34)1.28 
(1.06–1.50)
BHB, μmol/L15.8 
(11.4–20.3)17.1 
(8.0–26.2)120 
(71–170)123 
(70–176)1192 
(748–1636)1186 
(672–1699)2327 
(1598–3056)2268 
(1659–2876)
Insulin, pmol/L185 
(103–334)161 
(97–269)48 
(36–63)48 
(33–70)27 
(21–35)33 
(25–44)31 
(22–45)34 
(26–46)
C-peptide, pmol/L1023 
(603–1443)1013 
(748–1278)314 
(224–404)356 
(263–450)185 
(135–235)230 
(151–310)213 
(149–277)254 
(162–346)

Serum concentrations of pertinent hormones and metabolites during fasting and fasting plus GHA presented as (geometric) mean (95% confidence interval).

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