Table 2 Open in new tab Long sickness...

	Women	Men
Education
High	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Intermediate	1.66 (1.65–1.66)	1.35 (1.34–1.35)	1.34 (1.33–1.35)	2.22 (2.20–2.24)	1.48 (1.46–1.49)	1.51 (1.49–1.52)
Low	2.09 (2.08–2.10)	1.57 (1.56–1.58)	1.55 (1.55–1.56)	3.07 (3.04–3.10)	1.70 (1.68–1.72)	1.70 (1.68–1.72)
Occupational class
Managers and professionals	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Semi-professionals	1.39 (1.39–1.40)	1.28 (1.27–1.28)	1.23 (1.22–1.24)	1.70 (1.68–1.73)	1.40 (1.38–1.42)	1.35 (1.33–1.37)
Routine non-manuals	2.02 (2.01–2.03)	1.57 (1.56–1.58)	1.45 (1.44–1.46)	2.35 (2.32–2.37)	1.84 (1.82–1.87)	1.67 (1.64–1.70)
Manual workers	2.50 (2.48–2.51)	1.82 (1.81–1.84)	1.67 (1.65–1.68)	3.83 (3.79–3.86)	2.76 (2.73–2.80)	2.63 (2.58–2.67)
Individual income
Highest	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00
Second quartile	1.48 (1.48–1.49)		1.04 (1.04–1.05)	1.85 (1.83–1.87)		1.08 (1.07–1.10)
Third quartile	1.98 (1.97–1.99)		1.11 (1.11–1.12)	3.02 (2.99–3.05)		1.27 (1.25–1.29)
Lowest	2.21 (2.20–2.22)		1.13 (1.12–1.14)	2.93 (2.90–2.96)		0.99 (0.97–1.00)

Women

Men

Age

Age + education + class

Age + education + class + income

Age

Age + education + class

Age + education + class + income

RR (95% CI)

Education

High

1.00

Intermediate

1.66 (1.65–1.66)

1.35 (1.34–1.35)

1.34 (1.33–1.35)

2.22 (2.20–2.24)

1.48 (1.46–1.49)

1.51 (1.49–1.52)

Low

2.09 (2.08–2.10)

1.57 (1.56–1.58)

1.55 (1.55–1.56)

3.07 (3.04–3.10)

1.70 (1.68–1.72)

Occupational class

Managers and professionals

1.00

Semi-professionals

1.39 (1.39–1.40)

1.28 (1.27–1.28)

1.23 (1.22–1.24)

1.70 (1.68–1.73)

1.40 (1.38–1.42)

1.35 (1.33–1.37)

Routine non-manuals

2.02 (2.01–2.03)

1.57 (1.56–1.58)

1.45 (1.44–1.46)

2.35 (2.32–2.37)

1.84 (1.82–1.87)

1.67 (1.64–1.70)

Manual workers

2.50 (2.48–2.51)

1.82 (1.81–1.84)

1.67 (1.65–1.68)

3.83 (3.79–3.86)

2.76 (2.73–2.80)

2.63 (2.58–2.67)

Individual income

Highest

1.00

Second quartile

1.48 (1.48–1.49)

1.04 (1.04–1.05)

1.85 (1.83–1.87)

1.08 (1.07–1.10)

Third quartile

1.98 (1.97–1.99)

1.11 (1.11–1.12)

3.02 (2.99–3.05)

1.27 (1.25–1.29)

Lowest

2.21 (2.20–2.22)

1.13 (1.12–1.14)

2.93 (2.90–2.96)

0.99 (0.97–1.00)

	Women	Men
Education
High	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Intermediate	1.66 (1.65–1.66)	1.35 (1.34–1.35)	1.34 (1.33–1.35)	2.22 (2.20–2.24)	1.48 (1.46–1.49)	1.51 (1.49–1.52)
Low	2.09 (2.08–2.10)	1.57 (1.56–1.58)	1.55 (1.55–1.56)	3.07 (3.04–3.10)	1.70 (1.68–1.72)	1.70 (1.68–1.72)
Occupational class
Managers and professionals	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Semi-professionals	1.39 (1.39–1.40)	1.28 (1.27–1.28)	1.23 (1.22–1.24)	1.70 (1.68–1.73)	1.40 (1.38–1.42)	1.35 (1.33–1.37)
Routine non-manuals	2.02 (2.01–2.03)	1.57 (1.56–1.58)	1.45 (1.44–1.46)	2.35 (2.32–2.37)	1.84 (1.82–1.87)	1.67 (1.64–1.70)
Manual workers	2.50 (2.48–2.51)	1.82 (1.81–1.84)	1.67 (1.65–1.68)	3.83 (3.79–3.86)	2.76 (2.73–2.80)	2.63 (2.58–2.67)
Individual income
Highest	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00
Second quartile	1.48 (1.48–1.49)		1.04 (1.04–1.05)	1.85 (1.83–1.87)		1.08 (1.07–1.10)
Third quartile	1.98 (1.97–1.99)		1.11 (1.11–1.12)	3.02 (2.99–3.05)		1.27 (1.25–1.29)
Lowest	2.21 (2.20–2.22)		1.13 (1.12–1.14)	2.93 (2.90–2.96)		0.99 (0.97–1.00)

Table 2

Open in new tab

Long sickness absence spells/100 person years among the staff of the City of Helsinki in 2003 (Poisson regression analysis, RR)

	Women			Men
	Age	Age + education + class	Age + education + class + income	Age	Age + education + class	Age + education + class + income
	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)
Education
High	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Intermediate	1.66 (1.65–1.66)	1.35 (1.34–1.35)	1.34 (1.33–1.35)	2.22 (2.20–2.24)	1.48 (1.46–1.49)	1.51 (1.49–1.52)
Low	2.09 (2.08–2.10)	1.57 (1.56–1.58)	1.55 (1.55–1.56)	3.07 (3.04–3.10)	1.70 (1.68–1.72)	1.70 (1.68–1.72)
Occupational class
Managers and professionals	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Semi-professionals	1.39 (1.39–1.40)	1.28 (1.27–1.28)	1.23 (1.22–1.24)	1.70 (1.68–1.73)	1.40 (1.38–1.42)	1.35 (1.33–1.37)
Routine non-manuals	2.02 (2.01–2.03)	1.57 (1.56–1.58)	1.45 (1.44–1.46)	2.35 (2.32–2.37)	1.84 (1.82–1.87)	1.67 (1.64–1.70)
Manual workers	2.50 (2.48–2.51)	1.82 (1.81–1.84)	1.67 (1.65–1.68)	3.83 (3.79–3.86)	2.76 (2.73–2.80)	2.63 (2.58–2.67)
Individual income
Highest	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00
Second quartile	1.48 (1.48–1.49)		1.04 (1.04–1.05)	1.85 (1.83–1.87)		1.08 (1.07–1.10)
Third quartile	1.98 (1.97–1.99)		1.11 (1.11–1.12)	3.02 (2.99–3.05)		1.27 (1.25–1.29)
Lowest	2.21 (2.20–2.22)		1.13 (1.12–1.14)	2.93 (2.90–2.96)		0.99 (0.97–1.00)

	Women			Men
	Age	Age + education + class	Age + education + class + income	Age	Age + education + class	Age + education + class + income
	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)	RR (95% CI)
Education
High	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Intermediate	1.66 (1.65–1.66)	1.35 (1.34–1.35)	1.34 (1.33–1.35)	2.22 (2.20–2.24)	1.48 (1.46–1.49)	1.51 (1.49–1.52)
Low	2.09 (2.08–2.10)	1.57 (1.56–1.58)	1.55 (1.55–1.56)	3.07 (3.04–3.10)	1.70 (1.68–1.72)	1.70 (1.68–1.72)
Occupational class
Managers and professionals	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Semi-professionals	1.39 (1.39–1.40)	1.28 (1.27–1.28)	1.23 (1.22–1.24)	1.70 (1.68–1.73)	1.40 (1.38–1.42)	1.35 (1.33–1.37)
Routine non-manuals	2.02 (2.01–2.03)	1.57 (1.56–1.58)	1.45 (1.44–1.46)	2.35 (2.32–2.37)	1.84 (1.82–1.87)	1.67 (1.64–1.70)
Manual workers	2.50 (2.48–2.51)	1.82 (1.81–1.84)	1.67 (1.65–1.68)	3.83 (3.79–3.86)	2.76 (2.73–2.80)	2.63 (2.58–2.67)
Individual income
Highest	1.00		1.00	1.00		1.00
Second quartile	1.48 (1.48–1.49)		1.04 (1.04–1.05)	1.85 (1.83–1.87)		1.08 (1.07–1.10)
Third quartile	1.98 (1.97–1.99)		1.11 (1.11–1.12)	3.02 (2.99–3.05)		1.27 (1.25–1.29)
Lowest	2.21 (2.20–2.22)		1.13 (1.12–1.14)	2.93 (2.90–2.96)		0.99 (0.97–1.00)

CI: confidence interval

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