Table 2. Open in new tab PerR-regulated...

M type	ORF no.^a	Growth phase	Gene	Protein^b	Relative expression^c	Reference^d
Oxidative stress – virulence (putative)
M3	0466	Mid-exponential	adcA	Putative adhesin (zinc-binding)	−4.6	−3.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	0815	Mid-exponential	hylIII	Putative hemolysin III	+3.0	−1.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1093	Mid-exponential	pmtA	Putative metal transport ATPase	−11.3	−15.8	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	05800	Mid-exponential	pmtA	Putative metal transport ATPase	n/a	−30.0	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M3	1770	Late exponential	ahpC	Putative alkyl hydroperoxidase	−1.7	−1.9	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	08790	Mid-exponential	ahpC	Putative alkyl hydroperoxidase	n/a	−1.3	Brenot, King and Caparon (2005)
M3	1095	Late exponential	mf4	Putative mitogenic factor/DNase	−2.2	−2.1	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M1	1436	Mid-exponential	mf3	Secreted DNase virulence factor	n/a	+4.3	Wen et al. (2011)
M3	0298	Late exponential	prtS	Interleukin 8 protease	−2.1	−2.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0482	Late exponential	sagC	SLS-associated ORF	−2.1	−1.6	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M14	06285	Mid-exponential	mrgA	Peroxide resistance protein	n/a	−2.8	Brenot, King and Caparon (2005)
M14	08560	Mid-exponential	lsp	Laminin-binding protein	n/a	−100	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M1 T1	1415	Mid-exponential	sda1	DNase and virulence factor	n/a	+2.5	Wang et al. (2013)
Sugar metabolism/transport
M3	1489	Late exponential	lacR.1	Putative lactose PTS repressor	+1.9	+2.5	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1484	Mid-exponential	lacB.1	Galactose 6-phosphate isomerase	−2.3	+1.1	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1658	Late exponential	lacB.2	Galactose 6-phosphate isomerase	+5.0	+6.6	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1658	Late exponential	lacB.2	Galactose-6-phosphate isomerase	−4.9	−2.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1654	Late exponential	lacE	Putative PTS enzyme IIBC	+4.0	+10.7	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1659	Late exponential	lacA2	Galactose-6-phosphate isomerase	−2.4	−2.5	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1660	Late exponential	lacR.2	Putative lactose PTS repressor	+1.9	+2.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1487	Late exponential	pts	Putative PTS enzyme IIB	+2.9	+5.9	Gryllos et al. (2008)
Metal – ABC transport
M3	0069	Mid-exponential	adcR	Putative transcriptional repressor	−1.9	−1.3	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	0069	Mid-exponential	adcR	Putative transcriptional repressor	+1.6	+2.3	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0071	Mid-exponential	adcB	Zinc/manganese ABC transporter	+2.0	+1.7	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0319	Mid-exponential	mtsB	Iron ABC transporter	−1.9	−1.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1557	Late exponential	siaD	Putative ABC transporter	−1.9	−1.7	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1560	Late exponential	shp	Heme/ferrichrome-binding protein	−2.0	−1.8	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M1	0453	Mid-exponential	mtsA	Iron ABC transporter	n/a	−2.0	Hanks et al. (2006)
General biosynthesis/metabolism
M3	0027	Mid-exponential	purE	Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase catalytic subunit	+2.2	+1.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1615	Mid-exponential	rpsN.2	30S subunit ribosomal protein S14	−3.3	−2.5	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	07960	Mid-exponential	rpsN.2	30S subunit ribosomal protein S14	n/a	−4.0	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M3	0302	Late exponential	nrdI.2	Putative ribonucleotide reductase	−2.7	−1.5	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	0013	Late exponential	n/a	Putative amino acid permease	−2.5	−1.5	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0217	Late exponential	oppC	Oligopeptide permease	−2.0	−1.9	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1363	Late exponential	cysM	Putative O-acetylserine lyase	+2.1	1.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1794	Late exponential	nrdD	Ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase	−2.9	−2.5	Grifantini et al. (2011)
Hypothetical
M3	1208	Mid-exponential	n/a	Conserved hypothetical protein	+2.0	+2.0	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1724	Late exponential	phtD	Hypothetical protein	−2.3	−5.6	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	08555	Mid-exponential	phtD	Hypothetical protein	n/a	−100	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M14	05535	Mid-exponential	phtY	Hypothetical protein	n/a	−30	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
Miscellaneous
M3	0840	Mid-exponential	n/a	Putative transcriptional repressor	+3.2	+4.6	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M14	08775	Mid-exponential	csp	Putative cold shock protein	n/a	+2.5	Brenot, King and Caparon (2005)

M type	ORF no.^a	Growth phase	Gene	Protein^b	Relative expression^c	Reference^d
Oxidative stress – virulence (putative)
M3	0466	Mid-exponential	adcA	Putative adhesin (zinc-binding)	−4.6	−3.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	0815	Mid-exponential	hylIII	Putative hemolysin III	+3.0	−1.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1093	Mid-exponential	pmtA	Putative metal transport ATPase	−11.3	−15.8	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	05800	Mid-exponential	pmtA	Putative metal transport ATPase	n/a	−30.0	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M3	1770	Late exponential	ahpC	Putative alkyl hydroperoxidase	−1.7	−1.9	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	08790	Mid-exponential	ahpC	Putative alkyl hydroperoxidase	n/a	−1.3	Brenot, King and Caparon (2005)
M3	1095	Late exponential	mf4	Putative mitogenic factor/DNase	−2.2	−2.1	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M1	1436	Mid-exponential	mf3	Secreted DNase virulence factor	n/a	+4.3	Wen et al. (2011)
M3	0298	Late exponential	prtS	Interleukin 8 protease	−2.1	−2.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0482	Late exponential	sagC	SLS-associated ORF	−2.1	−1.6	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M14	06285	Mid-exponential	mrgA	Peroxide resistance protein	n/a	−2.8	Brenot, King and Caparon (2005)
M14	08560	Mid-exponential	lsp	Laminin-binding protein	n/a	−100	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M1 T1	1415	Mid-exponential	sda1	DNase and virulence factor	n/a	+2.5	Wang et al. (2013)
Sugar metabolism/transport
M3	1489	Late exponential	lacR.1	Putative lactose PTS repressor	+1.9	+2.5	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1484	Mid-exponential	lacB.1	Galactose 6-phosphate isomerase	−2.3	+1.1	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1658	Late exponential	lacB.2	Galactose 6-phosphate isomerase	+5.0	+6.6	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1658	Late exponential	lacB.2	Galactose-6-phosphate isomerase	−4.9	−2.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1654	Late exponential	lacE	Putative PTS enzyme IIBC	+4.0	+10.7	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1659	Late exponential	lacA2	Galactose-6-phosphate isomerase	−2.4	−2.5	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1660	Late exponential	lacR.2	Putative lactose PTS repressor	+1.9	+2.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1487	Late exponential	pts	Putative PTS enzyme IIB	+2.9	+5.9	Gryllos et al. (2008)
Metal – ABC transport
M3	0069	Mid-exponential	adcR	Putative transcriptional repressor	−1.9	−1.3	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	0069	Mid-exponential	adcR	Putative transcriptional repressor	+1.6	+2.3	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0071	Mid-exponential	adcB	Zinc/manganese ABC transporter	+2.0	+1.7	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0319	Mid-exponential	mtsB	Iron ABC transporter	−1.9	−1.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1557	Late exponential	siaD	Putative ABC transporter	−1.9	−1.7	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1560	Late exponential	shp	Heme/ferrichrome-binding protein	−2.0	−1.8	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M1	0453	Mid-exponential	mtsA	Iron ABC transporter	n/a	−2.0	Hanks et al. (2006)
General biosynthesis/metabolism
M3	0027	Mid-exponential	purE	Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase catalytic subunit	+2.2	+1.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1615	Mid-exponential	rpsN.2	30S subunit ribosomal protein S14	−3.3	−2.5	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	07960	Mid-exponential	rpsN.2	30S subunit ribosomal protein S14	n/a	−4.0	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M3	0302	Late exponential	nrdI.2	Putative ribonucleotide reductase	−2.7	−1.5	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	0013	Late exponential	n/a	Putative amino acid permease	−2.5	−1.5	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0217	Late exponential	oppC	Oligopeptide permease	−2.0	−1.9	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1363	Late exponential	cysM	Putative O-acetylserine lyase	+2.1	1.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1794	Late exponential	nrdD	Ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase	−2.9	−2.5	Grifantini et al. (2011)
Hypothetical
M3	1208	Mid-exponential	n/a	Conserved hypothetical protein	+2.0	+2.0	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1724	Late exponential	phtD	Hypothetical protein	−2.3	−5.6	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	08555	Mid-exponential	phtD	Hypothetical protein	n/a	−100	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M14	05535	Mid-exponential	phtY	Hypothetical protein	n/a	−30	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
Miscellaneous
M3	0840	Mid-exponential	n/a	Putative transcriptional repressor	+3.2	+4.6	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M14	08775	Mid-exponential	csp	Putative cold shock protein	n/a	+2.5	Brenot, King and Caparon (2005)

Table 2.

PerR-regulated genes identified by microarray analyses and confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for different GAS serotypes.

M type	ORF no.^a	Growth phase	Gene	Protein^b	Relative expression^c		Reference^d
					Microarray	qRT-PCR
Oxidative stress – virulence (putative)
M3	0466	Mid-exponential	adcA	Putative adhesin (zinc-binding)	−4.6	−3.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	0815	Mid-exponential	hylIII	Putative hemolysin III	+3.0	−1.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1093	Mid-exponential	pmtA	Putative metal transport ATPase	−11.3	−15.8	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	05800	Mid-exponential	pmtA	Putative metal transport ATPase	n/a	−30.0	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M3	1770	Late exponential	ahpC	Putative alkyl hydroperoxidase	−1.7	−1.9	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	08790	Mid-exponential	ahpC	Putative alkyl hydroperoxidase	n/a	−1.3	Brenot, King and Caparon (2005)
M3	1095	Late exponential	mf4	Putative mitogenic factor/DNase	−2.2	−2.1	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M1	1436	Mid-exponential	mf3	Secreted DNase virulence factor	n/a	+4.3	Wen et al. (2011)
M3	0298	Late exponential	prtS	Interleukin 8 protease	−2.1	−2.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0482	Late exponential	sagC	SLS-associated ORF	−2.1	−1.6	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M14	06285	Mid-exponential	mrgA	Peroxide resistance protein	n/a	−2.8	Brenot, King and Caparon (2005)
M14	08560	Mid-exponential	lsp	Laminin-binding protein	n/a	−100	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M1 T1	1415	Mid-exponential	sda1	DNase and virulence factor	n/a	+2.5	Wang et al. (2013)
Sugar metabolism/transport
M3	1489	Late exponential	lacR.1	Putative lactose PTS repressor	+1.9	+2.5	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1484	Mid-exponential	lacB.1	Galactose 6-phosphate isomerase	−2.3	+1.1	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1658	Late exponential	lacB.2	Galactose 6-phosphate isomerase	+5.0	+6.6	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1658	Late exponential	lacB.2	Galactose-6-phosphate isomerase	−4.9	−2.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1654	Late exponential	lacE	Putative PTS enzyme IIBC	+4.0	+10.7	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1659	Late exponential	lacA2	Galactose-6-phosphate isomerase	−2.4	−2.5	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1660	Late exponential	lacR.2	Putative lactose PTS repressor	+1.9	+2.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1487	Late exponential	pts	Putative PTS enzyme IIB	+2.9	+5.9	Gryllos et al. (2008)
Metal – ABC transport
M3	0069	Mid-exponential	adcR	Putative transcriptional repressor	−1.9	−1.3	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	0069	Mid-exponential	adcR	Putative transcriptional repressor	+1.6	+2.3	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0071	Mid-exponential	adcB	Zinc/manganese ABC transporter	+2.0	+1.7	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0319	Mid-exponential	mtsB	Iron ABC transporter	−1.9	−1.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1557	Late exponential	siaD	Putative ABC transporter	−1.9	−1.7	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1560	Late exponential	shp	Heme/ferrichrome-binding protein	−2.0	−1.8	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M1	0453	Mid-exponential	mtsA	Iron ABC transporter	n/a	−2.0	Hanks et al. (2006)
General biosynthesis/metabolism
M3	0027	Mid-exponential	purE	Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase catalytic subunit	+2.2	+1.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1615	Mid-exponential	rpsN.2	30S subunit ribosomal protein S14	−3.3	−2.5	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	07960	Mid-exponential	rpsN.2	30S subunit ribosomal protein S14	n/a	−4.0	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M3	0302	Late exponential	nrdI.2	Putative ribonucleotide reductase	−2.7	−1.5	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	0013	Late exponential	n/a	Putative amino acid permease	−2.5	−1.5	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0217	Late exponential	oppC	Oligopeptide permease	−2.0	−1.9	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1363	Late exponential	cysM	Putative O-acetylserine lyase	+2.1	1.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1794	Late exponential	nrdD	Ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase	−2.9	−2.5	Grifantini et al. (2011)
Hypothetical
M3	1208	Mid-exponential	n/a	Conserved hypothetical protein	+2.0	+2.0	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1724	Late exponential	phtD	Hypothetical protein	−2.3	−5.6	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	08555	Mid-exponential	phtD	Hypothetical protein	n/a	−100	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M14	05535	Mid-exponential	phtY	Hypothetical protein	n/a	−30	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
Miscellaneous
M3	0840	Mid-exponential	n/a	Putative transcriptional repressor	+3.2	+4.6	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M14	08775	Mid-exponential	csp	Putative cold shock protein	n/a	+2.5	Brenot, King and Caparon (2005)

M type	ORF no.^a	Growth phase	Gene	Protein^b	Relative expression^c		Reference^d
					Microarray	qRT-PCR
Oxidative stress – virulence (putative)
M3	0466	Mid-exponential	adcA	Putative adhesin (zinc-binding)	−4.6	−3.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	0815	Mid-exponential	hylIII	Putative hemolysin III	+3.0	−1.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1093	Mid-exponential	pmtA	Putative metal transport ATPase	−11.3	−15.8	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	05800	Mid-exponential	pmtA	Putative metal transport ATPase	n/a	−30.0	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M3	1770	Late exponential	ahpC	Putative alkyl hydroperoxidase	−1.7	−1.9	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	08790	Mid-exponential	ahpC	Putative alkyl hydroperoxidase	n/a	−1.3	Brenot, King and Caparon (2005)
M3	1095	Late exponential	mf4	Putative mitogenic factor/DNase	−2.2	−2.1	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M1	1436	Mid-exponential	mf3	Secreted DNase virulence factor	n/a	+4.3	Wen et al. (2011)
M3	0298	Late exponential	prtS	Interleukin 8 protease	−2.1	−2.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0482	Late exponential	sagC	SLS-associated ORF	−2.1	−1.6	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M14	06285	Mid-exponential	mrgA	Peroxide resistance protein	n/a	−2.8	Brenot, King and Caparon (2005)
M14	08560	Mid-exponential	lsp	Laminin-binding protein	n/a	−100	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M1 T1	1415	Mid-exponential	sda1	DNase and virulence factor	n/a	+2.5	Wang et al. (2013)
Sugar metabolism/transport
M3	1489	Late exponential	lacR.1	Putative lactose PTS repressor	+1.9	+2.5	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1484	Mid-exponential	lacB.1	Galactose 6-phosphate isomerase	−2.3	+1.1	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1658	Late exponential	lacB.2	Galactose 6-phosphate isomerase	+5.0	+6.6	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1658	Late exponential	lacB.2	Galactose-6-phosphate isomerase	−4.9	−2.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1654	Late exponential	lacE	Putative PTS enzyme IIBC	+4.0	+10.7	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1659	Late exponential	lacA2	Galactose-6-phosphate isomerase	−2.4	−2.5	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1660	Late exponential	lacR.2	Putative lactose PTS repressor	+1.9	+2.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1487	Late exponential	pts	Putative PTS enzyme IIB	+2.9	+5.9	Gryllos et al. (2008)
Metal – ABC transport
M3	0069	Mid-exponential	adcR	Putative transcriptional repressor	−1.9	−1.3	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	0069	Mid-exponential	adcR	Putative transcriptional repressor	+1.6	+2.3	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0071	Mid-exponential	adcB	Zinc/manganese ABC transporter	+2.0	+1.7	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0319	Mid-exponential	mtsB	Iron ABC transporter	−1.9	−1.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1557	Late exponential	siaD	Putative ABC transporter	−1.9	−1.7	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1560	Late exponential	shp	Heme/ferrichrome-binding protein	−2.0	−1.8	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M1	0453	Mid-exponential	mtsA	Iron ABC transporter	n/a	−2.0	Hanks et al. (2006)
General biosynthesis/metabolism
M3	0027	Mid-exponential	purE	Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase catalytic subunit	+2.2	+1.2	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1615	Mid-exponential	rpsN.2	30S subunit ribosomal protein S14	−3.3	−2.5	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	07960	Mid-exponential	rpsN.2	30S subunit ribosomal protein S14	n/a	−4.0	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M3	0302	Late exponential	nrdI.2	Putative ribonucleotide reductase	−2.7	−1.5	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	0013	Late exponential	n/a	Putative amino acid permease	−2.5	−1.5	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	0217	Late exponential	oppC	Oligopeptide permease	−2.0	−1.9	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1363	Late exponential	cysM	Putative O-acetylserine lyase	+2.1	1.0	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M3	1794	Late exponential	nrdD	Ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase	−2.9	−2.5	Grifantini et al. (2011)
Hypothetical
M3	1208	Mid-exponential	n/a	Conserved hypothetical protein	+2.0	+2.0	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M3	1724	Late exponential	phtD	Hypothetical protein	−2.3	−5.6	Gryllos et al. (2008)
M14	08555	Mid-exponential	phtD	Hypothetical protein	n/a	−100	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
M14	05535	Mid-exponential	phtY	Hypothetical protein	n/a	−30	Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007)
Miscellaneous
M3	0840	Mid-exponential	n/a	Putative transcriptional repressor	+3.2	+4.6	Grifantini et al. (2011)
M14	08775	Mid-exponential	csp	Putative cold shock protein	n/a	+2.5	Brenot, King and Caparon (2005)

^aOpen reading frame (ORF) number of published GAS genome sequence: M1 strain SF370 (Ferretti et al., 2001), M1T1 strain MGAS5005 (Sumby et al., 2005), M3 strain MGAS315 (Beres et al., 2002) and M14 strain HSC5 (Port, Paluscio and Caparon 2013).

^bNCBI annotation.

^cFold-change of expression in wild-type GAS compared to expression in the isogenic perR mutant.

^dGryllos et al. (2008): Transcriptome comparisons performed between wild-type M3 GAS strain 003Sm and isogenic perR mutant strain 003SmperRΔ grown to mid-exponential phase (OD_600nm = 0.25) or late-exponential phase (OD_600nm = 0.6) phase.

Grifantini et al. (2011): Wild-type M3 GAS strain 003Sm and perR mutant 003SmperRΔ were grown to mid-exponential phase (OD_600nm = 0.25) or late-exponential phase (OD_600nm = 0.6) at which point they were challenged with H₂O₂ (final concentration 0.5 mM) for 15 min at 37°C or with water as a control.

Brenot, King and Caparon (2005): Total RNA extracted from mid-exponential phase (OD_600nm = 0.3) cultures of wild-type serotype M14 GAS strain HSC5 and the isogenic perR mutant.

Brenot, Weston and Caparon (2007): RNA from HSC5 and the isogenic PerR-deficient mutant (HΔPer) was isolated from mid-exponential phase cultures (OD_600nm = 0.3).

Wen et al. (2011): Transcriptome comparisons were performed between wild-type M1 strain AP-20 and isogenic perR mutant strain (SW-612) cultured to mid-log phase (OD_600nm ∼ 0.5).

Wang et al. (2013): Wild-type serotype M1 GAS strain A-20 and isogenic perR mutant (SW-612) were grown for 3 h and treated with 0.5 mM of H₂O₂ for another 2 h prior to RNA extraction and real-time PCR analysis.

Hanks et al. (2006): Serotype M1 GAS strain MGAS5005 and the isogenic perR mutant were harvested at an OD_600nm of 0.2, 0.4 or 0.7 and immediately processed to isolate total RNA.

n/a; not available.

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