Table 1. Open in new tab Clinical and...

Controls (n = 99)

Prediabetes (n = 220)

T2DM (n = 61)

P^c

Age, y

46 ± 11.2

49.1 ± 9.8^a

50.9 ± 8^a

<.0001

BMI, kg/m²

28.8 ± 4.5

29.4 ± 3.9

30 ± 4.9

.12

Fasting glucose, mg/dL

86.4 ± 8.6

93.4 ± 11^a

120.2 ± 19^a,^b

<.0001

Fasting insulin, microu/mL

7 (4.9–9.3)

7.6 (5.6–11.7)

8.2 (6.6–11.3)

.53

2-h glucose post-OGTT, mg/dL

117 ± 28.7

150.5 ± 42.6^a

222.2 ± 39.7^a,^b

<.0001

HbA_1c, %

5.3 ± 0.2

6 ± 0.3^a

7.1 ± 0.5^a,^b

<.0001

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

188.9 ± 36.6

195.5 ± 39.3

189.3 ± 41.5

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

47.8 ± 12.4

46 ± 11.5

39.1 ± 8.3^a,^b

<.01

Triglycerides, mg/dL

86 (66–122)

109.5 (78–151)^a

117 (83–146)^a

.004

LDL cholesterol, mg/dL

120.2 ± 32.8

129.2 ± 35.5^a

126.2 ± 36

.01

Non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

140.4 ± 35.4

154 ± 38.6

150.1 ± 40.7

.09

Systolic BP, mm Hg

119 ± 15.4

122.6 ± 14.2

126.7 ± 15.4^a,^b

.02

Diastolic BP, mm Hg

71.8 ± 10.2

73 ± 10.6

76.2 ± 12.8^a

.02

HOMA-IR

1.5 (1–2)

1.5 (1.6–3.3)

2.6 (1.9–0.72)^a,^b

<.0001

Hypertension, %

.24^d

Active smokers, %

.63^d

Statin therapy, %

.23^d

Sex, M/F

37/62

97/93

27/34

.34^d

Table 1.

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Clinical and Metabolic Characteristics of the Study Population According to Glucose Tolerance

	Controls (n = 99)	Prediabetes (n = 220)	T2DM (n = 61)	P^c
Age, y	46 ± 11.2	49.1 ± 9.8^a	50.9 ± 8^a	<.0001
BMI, kg/m²	28.8 ± 4.5	29.4 ± 3.9	30 ± 4.9	.12
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	86.4 ± 8.6	93.4 ± 11^a	120.2 ± 19^a,^b	<.0001
Fasting insulin, microu/mL	7 (4.9–9.3)	7.6 (5.6–11.7)	8.2 (6.6–11.3)	.53
2-h glucose post-OGTT, mg/dL	117 ± 28.7	150.5 ± 42.6^a	222.2 ± 39.7^a,^b	<.0001
HbA_1c, %	5.3 ± 0.2	6 ± 0.3^a	7.1 ± 0.5^a,^b	<.0001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	188.9 ± 36.6	195.5 ± 39.3	189.3 ± 41.5	.1
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	47.8 ± 12.4	46 ± 11.5	39.1 ± 8.3^a,^b	<.01
Triglycerides, mg/dL	86 (66–122)	109.5 (78–151)^a	117 (83–146)^a	.004
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	120.2 ± 32.8	129.2 ± 35.5^a	126.2 ± 36	.01
Non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	140.4 ± 35.4	154 ± 38.6	150.1 ± 40.7	.09
Systolic BP, mm Hg	119 ± 15.4	122.6 ± 14.2	126.7 ± 15.4^a,^b	.02
Diastolic BP, mm Hg	71.8 ± 10.2	73 ± 10.6	76.2 ± 12.8^a	.02
HOMA-IR	1.5 (1–2)	1.5 (1.6–3.3)	2.6 (1.9–0.72)^a,^b	<.0001
Hypertension, %	18	24	26	.24^d
Active smokers, %	30	33	36	.63^d
Statin therapy, %	20	24	23	.23^d
Sex, M/F	37/62	97/93	27/34	.34^d

	Controls (n = 99)	Prediabetes (n = 220)	T2DM (n = 61)	P^c
Age, y	46 ± 11.2	49.1 ± 9.8^a	50.9 ± 8^a	<.0001
BMI, kg/m²	28.8 ± 4.5	29.4 ± 3.9	30 ± 4.9	.12
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	86.4 ± 8.6	93.4 ± 11^a	120.2 ± 19^a,^b	<.0001
Fasting insulin, microu/mL	7 (4.9–9.3)	7.6 (5.6–11.7)	8.2 (6.6–11.3)	.53
2-h glucose post-OGTT, mg/dL	117 ± 28.7	150.5 ± 42.6^a	222.2 ± 39.7^a,^b	<.0001
HbA_1c, %	5.3 ± 0.2	6 ± 0.3^a	7.1 ± 0.5^a,^b	<.0001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	188.9 ± 36.6	195.5 ± 39.3	189.3 ± 41.5	.1
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	47.8 ± 12.4	46 ± 11.5	39.1 ± 8.3^a,^b	<.01
Triglycerides, mg/dL	86 (66–122)	109.5 (78–151)^a	117 (83–146)^a	.004
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL	120.2 ± 32.8	129.2 ± 35.5^a	126.2 ± 36	.01
Non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	140.4 ± 35.4	154 ± 38.6	150.1 ± 40.7	.09
Systolic BP, mm Hg	119 ± 15.4	122.6 ± 14.2	126.7 ± 15.4^a,^b	.02
Diastolic BP, mm Hg	71.8 ± 10.2	73 ± 10.6	76.2 ± 12.8^a	.02
HOMA-IR	1.5 (1–2)	1.5 (1.6–3.3)	2.6 (1.9–0.72)^a,^b	<.0001
Hypertension, %	18	24	26	.24^d
Active smokers, %	30	33	36	.63^d
Statin therapy, %	20	24	23	.23^d
Sex, M/F	37/62	97/93	27/34	.34^d

The data are presented as the mean ± sd or median (interquartile range).

Smoking was quantified, and smoking status was classified as active smokers or nonsmokers.

Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 135 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mm Hg or as the prescription of any hypertension medications.

P < .05 vs controls.

P < .05 vs prediabetes.

By ANOVA.

By χ^b.

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