Table 2. Open in new tab Cox...

	Overall Thyroid Dysfunction	Hyperthyroidism	Hypothyroidism
Contrast media
No	1				1				1
Yes	1.46	^c	1.29	1.66	1.22	^b	1.04	1.44	2.00	^c	1.65	2.44
Age on index date, y
<20	1				1				1
20–40	2.95	^c	1.95	4.47	2.50	^c	1.62	3.86	3.71	^c	1.49	9.27
40–60	3.44	^c	2.30	5.15	2.61	^c	1.70	3.99	5.98	^c	2.45	14.58
≥60	2.87	^c	1.91	4.31	1.76	^b	1.14	2.71	7.24	^c	2.96	17.70
Gender
Female	1				1				1
Male	0.38	^c	0.34	0.42	0.36		0.31	0.41	0.41	^c	0.34	0.50
Urbanization
Urban	1				1				1
Suburban	0.88	^b	0.78	0.99	0.84	^b	0.72	0.97	0.98		0.81	1.18
Rural	0.84		0.71	1.00	0.84		0.67	1.04	0.89		0.67	1.17
Charlson comorbidity index
0	1				1				1
1	1.12		0.99	1.28	1.13		0.97	1.32	1.05		0.85	1.30
≥2	1.30	^b	1.08	1.56	1.27	^b	1.01	1.59	1.30		0.96	1.77
Use of drugs	1.45	^c	1.28	1.63	1.47	^c	1.26	1.70	1.44	^c	1.19	1.74
Diabetes	0.98		0.85	1.12	0.95		0.79	1.13	0.94		0.76	1.18
Rheumatoid arthritis	1.06		0.75	1.50	0.98		0.63	1.54	1.15		0.68	1.94
Depression	1.23		0.81	1.87	1.24		0.74	2.07	1.50		0.82	2.73
CKD	0.91		0.61	1.37	0.86		0.51	1.46	0.98		0.53	1.81
Anemia	1.28	^b	1.02	1.60	1.26		0.96	1.67	1.31		0.92	1.86
Sjogren's syndrome	1.47		0.89	2.42	1.52		0.81	2.85	1.46		0.68	3.12
SLE	1.46		0.72	2.94	0.79		0.25	2.47	2.57	^b	1.05	6.28

Overall Thyroid Dysfunction

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

HR^a

95% CI

HR^a

95% CI

HR^a

95% CI

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Contrast media

Yes

1.46

1.29

1.66

1.22

1.04

1.44

2.00

1.65

2.44

Age on index date, y

<20

20–40

2.95

1.95

4.47

2.50

1.62

3.86

3.71

1.49

9.27

40–60

3.44

2.30

5.15

2.61

1.70

3.99

5.98

2.45

14.58

≥60

2.87

1.91

4.31

1.76

1.14

2.71

7.24

2.96

17.70

Gender

Female

Male

0.38

0.34

0.42

0.36

0.31

0.41

0.34

0.50

Urbanization

Urban

Suburban

0.88

0.78

0.99

0.84

0.72

0.97

0.98

0.81

1.18

Rural

0.84

0.71

1.00

0.84

0.67

1.04

0.89

0.67

1.17

Charlson comorbidity index

1.12

0.99

1.28

1.13

0.97

1.32

1.05

0.85

1.30

≥2

1.30

1.08

1.56

1.27

1.01

1.59

1.30

0.96

1.77

Use of drugs

1.45

1.28

1.63

1.47

1.26

1.70

1.44

1.19

1.74

Diabetes

0.98

0.85

1.12

0.95

0.79

1.13

0.94

0.76

1.18

Rheumatoid arthritis

1.06

0.75

1.50

0.98

0.63

1.54

1.15

0.68

1.94

Depression

1.23

0.81

1.87

1.24

0.74

2.07

1.50

0.82

2.73

CKD

0.91

0.61

1.37

0.86

0.51

1.46

0.98

0.53

1.81

Anemia

1.28

1.02

1.60

1.26

0.96

1.67

1.31

0.92

1.86

Sjogren's syndrome

1.47

0.89

2.42

1.52

0.81

2.85

1.46

0.68

3.12

SLE

1.46

0.72

2.94

0.79

0.25

2.47

2.57

1.05

6.28

	Overall Thyroid Dysfunction	Hyperthyroidism	Hypothyroidism
Contrast media
No	1				1				1
Yes	1.46	^c	1.29	1.66	1.22	^b	1.04	1.44	2.00	^c	1.65	2.44
Age on index date, y
<20	1				1				1
20–40	2.95	^c	1.95	4.47	2.50	^c	1.62	3.86	3.71	^c	1.49	9.27
40–60	3.44	^c	2.30	5.15	2.61	^c	1.70	3.99	5.98	^c	2.45	14.58
≥60	2.87	^c	1.91	4.31	1.76	^b	1.14	2.71	7.24	^c	2.96	17.70
Gender
Female	1				1				1
Male	0.38	^c	0.34	0.42	0.36		0.31	0.41	0.41	^c	0.34	0.50
Urbanization
Urban	1				1				1
Suburban	0.88	^b	0.78	0.99	0.84	^b	0.72	0.97	0.98		0.81	1.18
Rural	0.84		0.71	1.00	0.84		0.67	1.04	0.89		0.67	1.17
Charlson comorbidity index
0	1				1				1
1	1.12		0.99	1.28	1.13		0.97	1.32	1.05		0.85	1.30
≥2	1.30	^b	1.08	1.56	1.27	^b	1.01	1.59	1.30		0.96	1.77
Use of drugs	1.45	^c	1.28	1.63	1.47	^c	1.26	1.70	1.44	^c	1.19	1.74
Diabetes	0.98		0.85	1.12	0.95		0.79	1.13	0.94		0.76	1.18
Rheumatoid arthritis	1.06		0.75	1.50	0.98		0.63	1.54	1.15		0.68	1.94
Depression	1.23		0.81	1.87	1.24		0.74	2.07	1.50		0.82	2.73
CKD	0.91		0.61	1.37	0.86		0.51	1.46	0.98		0.53	1.81
Anemia	1.28	^b	1.02	1.60	1.26		0.96	1.67	1.31		0.92	1.86
Sjogren's syndrome	1.47		0.89	2.42	1.52		0.81	2.85	1.46		0.68	3.12
SLE	1.46		0.72	2.94	0.79		0.25	2.47	2.57	^b	1.05	6.28

Table 2.

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Cox Proportional Hazard Model to Evaluate the Risk of Thyroid Dysfunction in ICM Exposure Patients

	Overall Thyroid Dysfunction				Hyperthyroidism				Hypothyroidism
	HR^a	P	95% CI		HR^a	P	95% CI		HR^a	P	95% CI
	HR^a	P	Lower	Upper	HR^a	P	Lower	Upper	HR^a	P	Lower	Upper
Contrast media
No	1				1				1
Yes	1.46	^c	1.29	1.66	1.22	^b	1.04	1.44	2.00	^c	1.65	2.44
Age on index date, y
<20	1				1				1
20–40	2.95	^c	1.95	4.47	2.50	^c	1.62	3.86	3.71	^c	1.49	9.27
40–60	3.44	^c	2.30	5.15	2.61	^c	1.70	3.99	5.98	^c	2.45	14.58
≥60	2.87	^c	1.91	4.31	1.76	^b	1.14	2.71	7.24	^c	2.96	17.70
Gender
Female	1				1				1
Male	0.38	^c	0.34	0.42	0.36		0.31	0.41	0.41	^c	0.34	0.50
Urbanization
Urban	1				1				1
Suburban	0.88	^b	0.78	0.99	0.84	^b	0.72	0.97	0.98		0.81	1.18
Rural	0.84		0.71	1.00	0.84		0.67	1.04	0.89		0.67	1.17
Charlson comorbidity index
0	1				1				1
1	1.12		0.99	1.28	1.13		0.97	1.32	1.05		0.85	1.30
≥2	1.30	^b	1.08	1.56	1.27	^b	1.01	1.59	1.30		0.96	1.77
Use of drugs	1.45	^c	1.28	1.63	1.47	^c	1.26	1.70	1.44	^c	1.19	1.74
Diabetes	0.98		0.85	1.12	0.95		0.79	1.13	0.94		0.76	1.18
Rheumatoid arthritis	1.06		0.75	1.50	0.98		0.63	1.54	1.15		0.68	1.94
Depression	1.23		0.81	1.87	1.24		0.74	2.07	1.50		0.82	2.73
CKD	0.91		0.61	1.37	0.86		0.51	1.46	0.98		0.53	1.81
Anemia	1.28	^b	1.02	1.60	1.26		0.96	1.67	1.31		0.92	1.86
Sjogren's syndrome	1.47		0.89	2.42	1.52		0.81	2.85	1.46		0.68	3.12
SLE	1.46		0.72	2.94	0.79		0.25	2.47	2.57	^b	1.05	6.28

	Overall Thyroid Dysfunction				Hyperthyroidism				Hypothyroidism
	HR^a	P	95% CI		HR^a	P	95% CI		HR^a	P	95% CI
	HR^a	P	Lower	Upper	HR^a	P	Lower	Upper	HR^a	P	Lower	Upper
Contrast media
No	1				1				1
Yes	1.46	^c	1.29	1.66	1.22	^b	1.04	1.44	2.00	^c	1.65	2.44
Age on index date, y
<20	1				1				1
20–40	2.95	^c	1.95	4.47	2.50	^c	1.62	3.86	3.71	^c	1.49	9.27
40–60	3.44	^c	2.30	5.15	2.61	^c	1.70	3.99	5.98	^c	2.45	14.58
≥60	2.87	^c	1.91	4.31	1.76	^b	1.14	2.71	7.24	^c	2.96	17.70
Gender
Female	1				1				1
Male	0.38	^c	0.34	0.42	0.36		0.31	0.41	0.41	^c	0.34	0.50
Urbanization
Urban	1				1				1
Suburban	0.88	^b	0.78	0.99	0.84	^b	0.72	0.97	0.98		0.81	1.18
Rural	0.84		0.71	1.00	0.84		0.67	1.04	0.89		0.67	1.17
Charlson comorbidity index
0	1				1				1
1	1.12		0.99	1.28	1.13		0.97	1.32	1.05		0.85	1.30
≥2	1.30	^b	1.08	1.56	1.27	^b	1.01	1.59	1.30		0.96	1.77
Use of drugs	1.45	^c	1.28	1.63	1.47	^c	1.26	1.70	1.44	^c	1.19	1.74
Diabetes	0.98		0.85	1.12	0.95		0.79	1.13	0.94		0.76	1.18
Rheumatoid arthritis	1.06		0.75	1.50	0.98		0.63	1.54	1.15		0.68	1.94
Depression	1.23		0.81	1.87	1.24		0.74	2.07	1.50		0.82	2.73
CKD	0.91		0.61	1.37	0.86		0.51	1.46	0.98		0.53	1.81
Anemia	1.28	^b	1.02	1.60	1.26		0.96	1.67	1.31		0.92	1.86
Sjogren's syndrome	1.47		0.89	2.42	1.52		0.81	2.85	1.46		0.68	3.12
SLE	1.46		0.72	2.94	0.79		0.25	2.47	2.57	^b	1.05	6.28

Abbreviation: CKD, chronic kidney disease. Use of drugs: amiodarone, β-blocker, carbamazepine, dexamethasone, interferon, IL-6, lithium, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and rifampicin.

Adjusted for age, gender, urbanization, Charlson comorbidity index, use of drug, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, depression, CKD, anemia, Sjogren's syndrome, and SLE.

P < .05.

P < .01.

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