| Cell Type Adenoma Type . | Population Prevalence (Total/10e) . | Transcription Factor Expression . | Differentiated Gene Expression . | Clinical Features . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactotroph | 45–50 | Pit-1 | PRL | Galactorrhea and hypogonadism |
| Gonadotroph | 15–20 | SF-1, GATA-2 | FSH and/or LH and/or α subunit | Silent, incidental, or pituitary failure Rarely hypergonadism |
| Somatotroph | 10 | Pit-1 | ||
| Sparsely granulated | GH | Acromegaly or gigantism | ||
| Densely granulated | GH | Acromegaly | ||
| Combined GH and PRL cells | GH and prolactin | Acromegaly or gigantism | ||
| Mixed GH and PRL | GH and prolactin | Hypogonadism and acromegaly | ||
| Mammosomatotroph | GH and prolactin | Acromegaly or gigantism | ||
| Acidophil stem cell | Prolactin and GH | Hypogonadism and acromegaly | ||
| Silent | GH | Hypopituitarism | ||
| Corticotroph | 5 | T-Pit | POMC/ACTH | |
| Cushing | ACTH | Cushing disease with hypercortisolism | ||
| Silent | ACTH | Hypopituitarism | ||
| Nelson | ACTH | Pituitary hyperplasia | ||
| Thyrotroph | <1 | Pit-1 | TSH | Hyperthyroxinemia |
| Plurihormonal | Unknown | All | GH, PRL, ACTH, glycoprotein subunit | Mixed |
| Cell Type Adenoma Type . | Population Prevalence (Total/10e) . | Transcription Factor Expression . | Differentiated Gene Expression . | Clinical Features . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactotroph | 45–50 | Pit-1 | PRL | Galactorrhea and hypogonadism |
| Gonadotroph | 15–20 | SF-1, GATA-2 | FSH and/or LH and/or α subunit | Silent, incidental, or pituitary failure Rarely hypergonadism |
| Somatotroph | 10 | Pit-1 | ||
| Sparsely granulated | GH | Acromegaly or gigantism | ||
| Densely granulated | GH | Acromegaly | ||
| Combined GH and PRL cells | GH and prolactin | Acromegaly or gigantism | ||
| Mixed GH and PRL | GH and prolactin | Hypogonadism and acromegaly | ||
| Mammosomatotroph | GH and prolactin | Acromegaly or gigantism | ||
| Acidophil stem cell | Prolactin and GH | Hypogonadism and acromegaly | ||
| Silent | GH | Hypopituitarism | ||
| Corticotroph | 5 | T-Pit | POMC/ACTH | |
| Cushing | ACTH | Cushing disease with hypercortisolism | ||
| Silent | ACTH | Hypopituitarism | ||
| Nelson | ACTH | Pituitary hyperplasia | ||
| Thyrotroph | <1 | Pit-1 | TSH | Hyperthyroxinemia |
| Plurihormonal | Unknown | All | GH, PRL, ACTH, glycoprotein subunit | Mixed |
Annual incidence appears to be increasing (see text). All tumor types exhibit a pituitary mass, and which may expand causing local compressive signs. Glycoprotein refers to intact FSH or LH, or respective α or β glycoprotein subunits. Although null-cell tumors do not express hormone genes, they likely arise from the gonadotroph lineage. (Modified from Melmed S. J Clin Invest 2003;112:1603–1618.).
| Cell Type Adenoma Type . | Population Prevalence (Total/10e) . | Transcription Factor Expression . | Differentiated Gene Expression . | Clinical Features . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactotroph | 45–50 | Pit-1 | PRL | Galactorrhea and hypogonadism |
| Gonadotroph | 15–20 | SF-1, GATA-2 | FSH and/or LH and/or α subunit | Silent, incidental, or pituitary failure Rarely hypergonadism |
| Somatotroph | 10 | Pit-1 | ||
| Sparsely granulated | GH | Acromegaly or gigantism | ||
| Densely granulated | GH | Acromegaly | ||
| Combined GH and PRL cells | GH and prolactin | Acromegaly or gigantism | ||
| Mixed GH and PRL | GH and prolactin | Hypogonadism and acromegaly | ||
| Mammosomatotroph | GH and prolactin | Acromegaly or gigantism | ||
| Acidophil stem cell | Prolactin and GH | Hypogonadism and acromegaly | ||
| Silent | GH | Hypopituitarism | ||
| Corticotroph | 5 | T-Pit | POMC/ACTH | |
| Cushing | ACTH | Cushing disease with hypercortisolism | ||
| Silent | ACTH | Hypopituitarism | ||
| Nelson | ACTH | Pituitary hyperplasia | ||
| Thyrotroph | <1 | Pit-1 | TSH | Hyperthyroxinemia |
| Plurihormonal | Unknown | All | GH, PRL, ACTH, glycoprotein subunit | Mixed |
| Cell Type Adenoma Type . | Population Prevalence (Total/10e) . | Transcription Factor Expression . | Differentiated Gene Expression . | Clinical Features . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lactotroph | 45–50 | Pit-1 | PRL | Galactorrhea and hypogonadism |
| Gonadotroph | 15–20 | SF-1, GATA-2 | FSH and/or LH and/or α subunit | Silent, incidental, or pituitary failure Rarely hypergonadism |
| Somatotroph | 10 | Pit-1 | ||
| Sparsely granulated | GH | Acromegaly or gigantism | ||
| Densely granulated | GH | Acromegaly | ||
| Combined GH and PRL cells | GH and prolactin | Acromegaly or gigantism | ||
| Mixed GH and PRL | GH and prolactin | Hypogonadism and acromegaly | ||
| Mammosomatotroph | GH and prolactin | Acromegaly or gigantism | ||
| Acidophil stem cell | Prolactin and GH | Hypogonadism and acromegaly | ||
| Silent | GH | Hypopituitarism | ||
| Corticotroph | 5 | T-Pit | POMC/ACTH | |
| Cushing | ACTH | Cushing disease with hypercortisolism | ||
| Silent | ACTH | Hypopituitarism | ||
| Nelson | ACTH | Pituitary hyperplasia | ||
| Thyrotroph | <1 | Pit-1 | TSH | Hyperthyroxinemia |
| Plurihormonal | Unknown | All | GH, PRL, ACTH, glycoprotein subunit | Mixed |
Annual incidence appears to be increasing (see text). All tumor types exhibit a pituitary mass, and which may expand causing local compressive signs. Glycoprotein refers to intact FSH or LH, or respective α or β glycoprotein subunits. Although null-cell tumors do not express hormone genes, they likely arise from the gonadotroph lineage. (Modified from Melmed S. J Clin Invest 2003;112:1603–1618.).
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