Table 1.
Open in new tab

Baseline characteristics of daughters from mothers with PCOS or control mothers without PCOS

Tanner Stage 1Tanner Stage 2/3Tanner Stage 4/5
ControlaPCOSaControl vs PCOSbControlaPCOSaControl vs PCOSbControlaPCOSaControl vs PCOSb
Birth data
 Gestational age, wk39.47 (1.42) [37]39.13 (1.51) [47]0.37 (−0.59 to 1.32) [0.45]39.52 (1.19) [27]39.51 (1.63) [16]0.03 (−1.33 to 1.40) [0.96]39.19 (3.53) [16]37.92 (4.72) [13]1.23 (−0.41 to 2.86) [0.14]
 Birth weight, pounds7.61 (1.04) [36]7.38 (0.96) [47]0.27 (−0.27 to 0.82) [0.33]7.46 (1.12) [27]7.47 (0.84) [15]0.03 (−0.74 to 0.80) [0.94]7.31 (1.78) [16]6.53 (1.91) [13]0.64 (−0.28 to 1.56) [0.17]
Biometric data
 Age, y7.61 (2.60) [39]7.02 (1.96) [47]0.59 (−0.31 to 1.49) [0.20]13.04 (1.89) [27]11.46 (1.33) [16]1.52 (0.24 to 2.80) [0.02]14.35 (1.91) [16]15.24 (1.17) [13]−0.91 (−2.46 to 0.65) [0.25]
 BMI, kg/m216.59 (3.75) [39]17.66 (3.43) [46]−0.63 (−2.85 to 1.60) [0.58]21.13 (3.87) [27]21.37 (5.63) [16]−0.64 (−3.68 to 2.40) [0.68]25.68 (6.62) [16]27.56 (8.70) [13]−3.62 (−7.34 to 0.11) [0.06]
 Waist/hip ratio0.87 (0.07) [36]0.90 (0.07) [47]−0.02 (−0.06 to 0.01) [0.14]0.85 (0.06) [27]0.88 (0.09) [16]−0.03 (−0.08 to 0.01) [0.16]0.84 (0.08) [16]0.86 (0.05) [12]−0.01 (−0.06 to 0.05) [0.78]
 Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg101.74 (11.61) [38]100.42 (12.73) [45]0.69 (−4.92 to 6.29) [0.81]108.04 (9.20) [27]107.25 (12.26) [16]0.83 (−6.82 to 8.47) [0.83]114.25 (12.79) [16]114.85 (14.49) [13]−1.61 (−10.95 to 7.74) [0.73]
 Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg62.74 (6.93) [38]62.67 (6.55) [45]−0.94 (−4.49 to 2.61) [0.60]66.00 (7.72) [27]65.81 (7.07) [16]0.21 (−4.63 to 5.05) [0.93]67.25 (9.64) [16]71.08 (10.23) [13]−3.93 (−9.85 to 1.98) [0.19]
 Acne, total lesions0.21 (0.77) [39]0.49 (2.71) [47]−0.53 (−2.40 to 1.34) [0.58]2.74 (6.16) [27]3.25 (5.94) [16]−0.46 (−3.12 to 2.20) [0.73]4.06 (4.58) [16]5.42 (6.63) [12]−1.56 (−4.86 to 1.74) [0.35]
 Ferriman-Gallwey score1.14 (2.84) [36]1.12 (2.92) [41]0.10 (−1.65 to 1.85) [0.91]2.07 (2.64) [27]1.38 (2.90) [16]0.54 (−1.76 to 2.85) [0.64]6.13 (5.63) [16]10.62 (6.71) [13]−5.50 (−8.32 to −2.68) [<0.001]
Imaging (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry)
 Bone mineral content, kg0.89 (0.28) [31]0.83 (0.20) [41]0.06 (−0.08 to 0.20) [0.43]1.59 (0.37) [25]1.35 (0.29) [15]0.25 (0.06 to 0.43) [0.01]1.94 (0.36) [16]1.97 (0.24) [12]−0.05 (−0.27 to 0.18) [0.68]
 Lean body mass, kg19.01 (5.96) [31]18.48 (5.59) [41]0.34 (−2.85 to 3.52) [0.83]34.51 (5.93) [25]33.00 (7.87) [15]1.60 (−2.64 to 5.84) [0.46]40.33 (6.14) [16]43.73 (9.37) [12]−4.04 (−9.14 to 1.06) [0.12]
 Fat, kg7.97 (3.76) [31]8.49 (4.82) [41]−0.64 (−4.83 to 3.55) [0.76]15.46 (6.81) [25]17.32 (9.10) [15]−2.22 (−7.70 to 3.26) [0.42]25.48 (12.61) [16]26.50 (16.83) [12]−1.89 (−8.58 to 4.81) [0.58]
 Android/gynoid fat ratio0.28 (0.06) [29]0.32 (0.13) [37]−0.03 (−0.09 to 0.03) [0.36]0.33 (0.12) [25]0.40 (0.13) [14]−0.10 (−0.18 to −0.03) [0.01]0.37 (0.11) [16]0.39 (0.13) [12]0.02 (−0.07 to 0.11) [0.69]
Imaging (transabdominal ultrasound)
 Total ovarian volume, cm32.23 (1.57) [9]4.19 (3.22) [6]−2.75 (−21.65 to 16.16) [0.77]14.54 (6.65) [11]12.92 (8.98) [9]1.61 (−14.48 to 17.70) [0.84]25.94 (34.78) [10]19.22 (8.88) [6]9.09 (−10.02 to 28.20) [0.34]
Tanner Stage 1Tanner Stage 2/3Tanner Stage 4/5
ControlaPCOSaControl vs PCOSbControlaPCOSaControl vs PCOSbControlaPCOSaControl vs PCOSb
Birth data
 Gestational age, wk39.47 (1.42) [37]39.13 (1.51) [47]0.37 (−0.59 to 1.32) [0.45]39.52 (1.19) [27]39.51 (1.63) [16]0.03 (−1.33 to 1.40) [0.96]39.19 (3.53) [16]37.92 (4.72) [13]1.23 (−0.41 to 2.86) [0.14]
 Birth weight, pounds7.61 (1.04) [36]7.38 (0.96) [47]0.27 (−0.27 to 0.82) [0.33]7.46 (1.12) [27]7.47 (0.84) [15]0.03 (−0.74 to 0.80) [0.94]7.31 (1.78) [16]6.53 (1.91) [13]0.64 (−0.28 to 1.56) [0.17]
Biometric data
 Age, y7.61 (2.60) [39]7.02 (1.96) [47]0.59 (−0.31 to 1.49) [0.20]13.04 (1.89) [27]11.46 (1.33) [16]1.52 (0.24 to 2.80) [0.02]14.35 (1.91) [16]15.24 (1.17) [13]−0.91 (−2.46 to 0.65) [0.25]
 BMI, kg/m216.59 (3.75) [39]17.66 (3.43) [46]−0.63 (−2.85 to 1.60) [0.58]21.13 (3.87) [27]21.37 (5.63) [16]−0.64 (−3.68 to 2.40) [0.68]25.68 (6.62) [16]27.56 (8.70) [13]−3.62 (−7.34 to 0.11) [0.06]
 Waist/hip ratio0.87 (0.07) [36]0.90 (0.07) [47]−0.02 (−0.06 to 0.01) [0.14]0.85 (0.06) [27]0.88 (0.09) [16]−0.03 (−0.08 to 0.01) [0.16]0.84 (0.08) [16]0.86 (0.05) [12]−0.01 (−0.06 to 0.05) [0.78]
 Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg101.74 (11.61) [38]100.42 (12.73) [45]0.69 (−4.92 to 6.29) [0.81]108.04 (9.20) [27]107.25 (12.26) [16]0.83 (−6.82 to 8.47) [0.83]114.25 (12.79) [16]114.85 (14.49) [13]−1.61 (−10.95 to 7.74) [0.73]
 Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg62.74 (6.93) [38]62.67 (6.55) [45]−0.94 (−4.49 to 2.61) [0.60]66.00 (7.72) [27]65.81 (7.07) [16]0.21 (−4.63 to 5.05) [0.93]67.25 (9.64) [16]71.08 (10.23) [13]−3.93 (−9.85 to 1.98) [0.19]
 Acne, total lesions0.21 (0.77) [39]0.49 (2.71) [47]−0.53 (−2.40 to 1.34) [0.58]2.74 (6.16) [27]3.25 (5.94) [16]−0.46 (−3.12 to 2.20) [0.73]4.06 (4.58) [16]5.42 (6.63) [12]−1.56 (−4.86 to 1.74) [0.35]
 Ferriman-Gallwey score1.14 (2.84) [36]1.12 (2.92) [41]0.10 (−1.65 to 1.85) [0.91]2.07 (2.64) [27]1.38 (2.90) [16]0.54 (−1.76 to 2.85) [0.64]6.13 (5.63) [16]10.62 (6.71) [13]−5.50 (−8.32 to −2.68) [<0.001]
Imaging (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry)
 Bone mineral content, kg0.89 (0.28) [31]0.83 (0.20) [41]0.06 (−0.08 to 0.20) [0.43]1.59 (0.37) [25]1.35 (0.29) [15]0.25 (0.06 to 0.43) [0.01]1.94 (0.36) [16]1.97 (0.24) [12]−0.05 (−0.27 to 0.18) [0.68]
 Lean body mass, kg19.01 (5.96) [31]18.48 (5.59) [41]0.34 (−2.85 to 3.52) [0.83]34.51 (5.93) [25]33.00 (7.87) [15]1.60 (−2.64 to 5.84) [0.46]40.33 (6.14) [16]43.73 (9.37) [12]−4.04 (−9.14 to 1.06) [0.12]
 Fat, kg7.97 (3.76) [31]8.49 (4.82) [41]−0.64 (−4.83 to 3.55) [0.76]15.46 (6.81) [25]17.32 (9.10) [15]−2.22 (−7.70 to 3.26) [0.42]25.48 (12.61) [16]26.50 (16.83) [12]−1.89 (−8.58 to 4.81) [0.58]
 Android/gynoid fat ratio0.28 (0.06) [29]0.32 (0.13) [37]−0.03 (−0.09 to 0.03) [0.36]0.33 (0.12) [25]0.40 (0.13) [14]−0.10 (−0.18 to −0.03) [0.01]0.37 (0.11) [16]0.39 (0.13) [12]0.02 (−0.07 to 0.11) [0.69]
Imaging (transabdominal ultrasound)
 Total ovarian volume, cm32.23 (1.57) [9]4.19 (3.22) [6]−2.75 (−21.65 to 16.16) [0.77]14.54 (6.65) [11]12.92 (8.98) [9]1.61 (−14.48 to 17.70) [0.84]25.94 (34.78) [10]19.22 (8.88) [6]9.09 (−10.02 to 28.20) [0.34]
a

Mean (standard deviation) [n].

b

Mean difference (95% CI) [P value].

Table 1.
Open in new tab

Baseline characteristics of daughters from mothers with PCOS or control mothers without PCOS

Tanner Stage 1Tanner Stage 2/3Tanner Stage 4/5
ControlaPCOSaControl vs PCOSbControlaPCOSaControl vs PCOSbControlaPCOSaControl vs PCOSb
Birth data
 Gestational age, wk39.47 (1.42) [37]39.13 (1.51) [47]0.37 (−0.59 to 1.32) [0.45]39.52 (1.19) [27]39.51 (1.63) [16]0.03 (−1.33 to 1.40) [0.96]39.19 (3.53) [16]37.92 (4.72) [13]1.23 (−0.41 to 2.86) [0.14]
 Birth weight, pounds7.61 (1.04) [36]7.38 (0.96) [47]0.27 (−0.27 to 0.82) [0.33]7.46 (1.12) [27]7.47 (0.84) [15]0.03 (−0.74 to 0.80) [0.94]7.31 (1.78) [16]6.53 (1.91) [13]0.64 (−0.28 to 1.56) [0.17]
Biometric data
 Age, y7.61 (2.60) [39]7.02 (1.96) [47]0.59 (−0.31 to 1.49) [0.20]13.04 (1.89) [27]11.46 (1.33) [16]1.52 (0.24 to 2.80) [0.02]14.35 (1.91) [16]15.24 (1.17) [13]−0.91 (−2.46 to 0.65) [0.25]
 BMI, kg/m216.59 (3.75) [39]17.66 (3.43) [46]−0.63 (−2.85 to 1.60) [0.58]21.13 (3.87) [27]21.37 (5.63) [16]−0.64 (−3.68 to 2.40) [0.68]25.68 (6.62) [16]27.56 (8.70) [13]−3.62 (−7.34 to 0.11) [0.06]
 Waist/hip ratio0.87 (0.07) [36]0.90 (0.07) [47]−0.02 (−0.06 to 0.01) [0.14]0.85 (0.06) [27]0.88 (0.09) [16]−0.03 (−0.08 to 0.01) [0.16]0.84 (0.08) [16]0.86 (0.05) [12]−0.01 (−0.06 to 0.05) [0.78]
 Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg101.74 (11.61) [38]100.42 (12.73) [45]0.69 (−4.92 to 6.29) [0.81]108.04 (9.20) [27]107.25 (12.26) [16]0.83 (−6.82 to 8.47) [0.83]114.25 (12.79) [16]114.85 (14.49) [13]−1.61 (−10.95 to 7.74) [0.73]
 Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg62.74 (6.93) [38]62.67 (6.55) [45]−0.94 (−4.49 to 2.61) [0.60]66.00 (7.72) [27]65.81 (7.07) [16]0.21 (−4.63 to 5.05) [0.93]67.25 (9.64) [16]71.08 (10.23) [13]−3.93 (−9.85 to 1.98) [0.19]
 Acne, total lesions0.21 (0.77) [39]0.49 (2.71) [47]−0.53 (−2.40 to 1.34) [0.58]2.74 (6.16) [27]3.25 (5.94) [16]−0.46 (−3.12 to 2.20) [0.73]4.06 (4.58) [16]5.42 (6.63) [12]−1.56 (−4.86 to 1.74) [0.35]
 Ferriman-Gallwey score1.14 (2.84) [36]1.12 (2.92) [41]0.10 (−1.65 to 1.85) [0.91]2.07 (2.64) [27]1.38 (2.90) [16]0.54 (−1.76 to 2.85) [0.64]6.13 (5.63) [16]10.62 (6.71) [13]−5.50 (−8.32 to −2.68) [<0.001]
Imaging (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry)
 Bone mineral content, kg0.89 (0.28) [31]0.83 (0.20) [41]0.06 (−0.08 to 0.20) [0.43]1.59 (0.37) [25]1.35 (0.29) [15]0.25 (0.06 to 0.43) [0.01]1.94 (0.36) [16]1.97 (0.24) [12]−0.05 (−0.27 to 0.18) [0.68]
 Lean body mass, kg19.01 (5.96) [31]18.48 (5.59) [41]0.34 (−2.85 to 3.52) [0.83]34.51 (5.93) [25]33.00 (7.87) [15]1.60 (−2.64 to 5.84) [0.46]40.33 (6.14) [16]43.73 (9.37) [12]−4.04 (−9.14 to 1.06) [0.12]
 Fat, kg7.97 (3.76) [31]8.49 (4.82) [41]−0.64 (−4.83 to 3.55) [0.76]15.46 (6.81) [25]17.32 (9.10) [15]−2.22 (−7.70 to 3.26) [0.42]25.48 (12.61) [16]26.50 (16.83) [12]−1.89 (−8.58 to 4.81) [0.58]
 Android/gynoid fat ratio0.28 (0.06) [29]0.32 (0.13) [37]−0.03 (−0.09 to 0.03) [0.36]0.33 (0.12) [25]0.40 (0.13) [14]−0.10 (−0.18 to −0.03) [0.01]0.37 (0.11) [16]0.39 (0.13) [12]0.02 (−0.07 to 0.11) [0.69]
Imaging (transabdominal ultrasound)
 Total ovarian volume, cm32.23 (1.57) [9]4.19 (3.22) [6]−2.75 (−21.65 to 16.16) [0.77]14.54 (6.65) [11]12.92 (8.98) [9]1.61 (−14.48 to 17.70) [0.84]25.94 (34.78) [10]19.22 (8.88) [6]9.09 (−10.02 to 28.20) [0.34]
Tanner Stage 1Tanner Stage 2/3Tanner Stage 4/5
ControlaPCOSaControl vs PCOSbControlaPCOSaControl vs PCOSbControlaPCOSaControl vs PCOSb
Birth data
 Gestational age, wk39.47 (1.42) [37]39.13 (1.51) [47]0.37 (−0.59 to 1.32) [0.45]39.52 (1.19) [27]39.51 (1.63) [16]0.03 (−1.33 to 1.40) [0.96]39.19 (3.53) [16]37.92 (4.72) [13]1.23 (−0.41 to 2.86) [0.14]
 Birth weight, pounds7.61 (1.04) [36]7.38 (0.96) [47]0.27 (−0.27 to 0.82) [0.33]7.46 (1.12) [27]7.47 (0.84) [15]0.03 (−0.74 to 0.80) [0.94]7.31 (1.78) [16]6.53 (1.91) [13]0.64 (−0.28 to 1.56) [0.17]
Biometric data
 Age, y7.61 (2.60) [39]7.02 (1.96) [47]0.59 (−0.31 to 1.49) [0.20]13.04 (1.89) [27]11.46 (1.33) [16]1.52 (0.24 to 2.80) [0.02]14.35 (1.91) [16]15.24 (1.17) [13]−0.91 (−2.46 to 0.65) [0.25]
 BMI, kg/m216.59 (3.75) [39]17.66 (3.43) [46]−0.63 (−2.85 to 1.60) [0.58]21.13 (3.87) [27]21.37 (5.63) [16]−0.64 (−3.68 to 2.40) [0.68]25.68 (6.62) [16]27.56 (8.70) [13]−3.62 (−7.34 to 0.11) [0.06]
 Waist/hip ratio0.87 (0.07) [36]0.90 (0.07) [47]−0.02 (−0.06 to 0.01) [0.14]0.85 (0.06) [27]0.88 (0.09) [16]−0.03 (−0.08 to 0.01) [0.16]0.84 (0.08) [16]0.86 (0.05) [12]−0.01 (−0.06 to 0.05) [0.78]
 Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg101.74 (11.61) [38]100.42 (12.73) [45]0.69 (−4.92 to 6.29) [0.81]108.04 (9.20) [27]107.25 (12.26) [16]0.83 (−6.82 to 8.47) [0.83]114.25 (12.79) [16]114.85 (14.49) [13]−1.61 (−10.95 to 7.74) [0.73]
 Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg62.74 (6.93) [38]62.67 (6.55) [45]−0.94 (−4.49 to 2.61) [0.60]66.00 (7.72) [27]65.81 (7.07) [16]0.21 (−4.63 to 5.05) [0.93]67.25 (9.64) [16]71.08 (10.23) [13]−3.93 (−9.85 to 1.98) [0.19]
 Acne, total lesions0.21 (0.77) [39]0.49 (2.71) [47]−0.53 (−2.40 to 1.34) [0.58]2.74 (6.16) [27]3.25 (5.94) [16]−0.46 (−3.12 to 2.20) [0.73]4.06 (4.58) [16]5.42 (6.63) [12]−1.56 (−4.86 to 1.74) [0.35]
 Ferriman-Gallwey score1.14 (2.84) [36]1.12 (2.92) [41]0.10 (−1.65 to 1.85) [0.91]2.07 (2.64) [27]1.38 (2.90) [16]0.54 (−1.76 to 2.85) [0.64]6.13 (5.63) [16]10.62 (6.71) [13]−5.50 (−8.32 to −2.68) [<0.001]
Imaging (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry)
 Bone mineral content, kg0.89 (0.28) [31]0.83 (0.20) [41]0.06 (−0.08 to 0.20) [0.43]1.59 (0.37) [25]1.35 (0.29) [15]0.25 (0.06 to 0.43) [0.01]1.94 (0.36) [16]1.97 (0.24) [12]−0.05 (−0.27 to 0.18) [0.68]
 Lean body mass, kg19.01 (5.96) [31]18.48 (5.59) [41]0.34 (−2.85 to 3.52) [0.83]34.51 (5.93) [25]33.00 (7.87) [15]1.60 (−2.64 to 5.84) [0.46]40.33 (6.14) [16]43.73 (9.37) [12]−4.04 (−9.14 to 1.06) [0.12]
 Fat, kg7.97 (3.76) [31]8.49 (4.82) [41]−0.64 (−4.83 to 3.55) [0.76]15.46 (6.81) [25]17.32 (9.10) [15]−2.22 (−7.70 to 3.26) [0.42]25.48 (12.61) [16]26.50 (16.83) [12]−1.89 (−8.58 to 4.81) [0.58]
 Android/gynoid fat ratio0.28 (0.06) [29]0.32 (0.13) [37]−0.03 (−0.09 to 0.03) [0.36]0.33 (0.12) [25]0.40 (0.13) [14]−0.10 (−0.18 to −0.03) [0.01]0.37 (0.11) [16]0.39 (0.13) [12]0.02 (−0.07 to 0.11) [0.69]
Imaging (transabdominal ultrasound)
 Total ovarian volume, cm32.23 (1.57) [9]4.19 (3.22) [6]−2.75 (−21.65 to 16.16) [0.77]14.54 (6.65) [11]12.92 (8.98) [9]1.61 (−14.48 to 17.70) [0.84]25.94 (34.78) [10]19.22 (8.88) [6]9.09 (−10.02 to 28.20) [0.34]
a

Mean (standard deviation) [n].

b

Mean difference (95% CI) [P value].

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