| Method . | Detection capability . | Turnaround time . | Molecular target . | Validation stage . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| qPCR (e.g. Xpert MTB/RIF) | MTB detection, RIF resistance | <2 h | rpoB | WHO-endorsed, routine clinical use | (Cao et al. 2021, WHO 2024b) |
| Melting curve analysis | Drug resistance mutation detection | 2–4 h | rpoB, katG, ahpC,inhA | Limited clinical use | (Xie et al. 2024) |
| RDBH | MTB detection, drug resistance profiling | 4–7 h | rpoB, katG, embB, inhA, gyrA | Limited clinical use | (Wan et al. 2020) |
| ddPCR | Quantification of MTB, low-abundance mutation detection | 3–6 h | rpoB, katG, inhA, gyrA | Experimental | (Fan et al. 2022) |
| LAMP (e.g. TB-LAMP) | MTB detection | <1 h | gyrB, IS6110 | WHO-endorsed, limited clinical use | (Yadav et al. 2022) |
| RPA | MTB detection, drug resistance screening | <20 min | IS6110, rpoB | Experimental | (Jirakittiwut et al. 2025) |
| DNA microarrays | MTB detection, resistance mutation screening | 6–12 h | rpoB, katG, embB, inhA, gyrA, pncA, eis | Experimental | (Feng et al. 2021) |
| Gene sequencing (NGS, WGS) | Comprehensive resistance profiling | 24–72 h | Whole MTB genome | WHO-endorsed (tNGS only) | (Chen et al. 2024) |
| CRISPR | MTB detection, resistance mutation screening | <2 h | rpoB, katG, inhA, gyrA | Experimental | (Tram et al. 2023, Wang et al. 2024) |
| Method . | Detection capability . | Turnaround time . | Molecular target . | Validation stage . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| qPCR (e.g. Xpert MTB/RIF) | MTB detection, RIF resistance | <2 h | rpoB | WHO-endorsed, routine clinical use | (Cao et al. 2021, WHO 2024b) |
| Melting curve analysis | Drug resistance mutation detection | 2–4 h | rpoB, katG, ahpC,inhA | Limited clinical use | (Xie et al. 2024) |
| RDBH | MTB detection, drug resistance profiling | 4–7 h | rpoB, katG, embB, inhA, gyrA | Limited clinical use | (Wan et al. 2020) |
| ddPCR | Quantification of MTB, low-abundance mutation detection | 3–6 h | rpoB, katG, inhA, gyrA | Experimental | (Fan et al. 2022) |
| LAMP (e.g. TB-LAMP) | MTB detection | <1 h | gyrB, IS6110 | WHO-endorsed, limited clinical use | (Yadav et al. 2022) |
| RPA | MTB detection, drug resistance screening | <20 min | IS6110, rpoB | Experimental | (Jirakittiwut et al. 2025) |
| DNA microarrays | MTB detection, resistance mutation screening | 6–12 h | rpoB, katG, embB, inhA, gyrA, pncA, eis | Experimental | (Feng et al. 2021) |
| Gene sequencing (NGS, WGS) | Comprehensive resistance profiling | 24–72 h | Whole MTB genome | WHO-endorsed (tNGS only) | (Chen et al. 2024) |
| CRISPR | MTB detection, resistance mutation screening | <2 h | rpoB, katG, inhA, gyrA | Experimental | (Tram et al. 2023, Wang et al. 2024) |
qPCR, quantitative real-time PCR; RDBH, reverse dot blot hybridization; ddPCR, droplet digital PCR; LAMP, loop-mediated isothermal amplification; and RPA, recombinase polymerase amplification.
| Method . | Detection capability . | Turnaround time . | Molecular target . | Validation stage . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| qPCR (e.g. Xpert MTB/RIF) | MTB detection, RIF resistance | <2 h | rpoB | WHO-endorsed, routine clinical use | (Cao et al. 2021, WHO 2024b) |
| Melting curve analysis | Drug resistance mutation detection | 2–4 h | rpoB, katG, ahpC,inhA | Limited clinical use | (Xie et al. 2024) |
| RDBH | MTB detection, drug resistance profiling | 4–7 h | rpoB, katG, embB, inhA, gyrA | Limited clinical use | (Wan et al. 2020) |
| ddPCR | Quantification of MTB, low-abundance mutation detection | 3–6 h | rpoB, katG, inhA, gyrA | Experimental | (Fan et al. 2022) |
| LAMP (e.g. TB-LAMP) | MTB detection | <1 h | gyrB, IS6110 | WHO-endorsed, limited clinical use | (Yadav et al. 2022) |
| RPA | MTB detection, drug resistance screening | <20 min | IS6110, rpoB | Experimental | (Jirakittiwut et al. 2025) |
| DNA microarrays | MTB detection, resistance mutation screening | 6–12 h | rpoB, katG, embB, inhA, gyrA, pncA, eis | Experimental | (Feng et al. 2021) |
| Gene sequencing (NGS, WGS) | Comprehensive resistance profiling | 24–72 h | Whole MTB genome | WHO-endorsed (tNGS only) | (Chen et al. 2024) |
| CRISPR | MTB detection, resistance mutation screening | <2 h | rpoB, katG, inhA, gyrA | Experimental | (Tram et al. 2023, Wang et al. 2024) |
| Method . | Detection capability . | Turnaround time . | Molecular target . | Validation stage . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| qPCR (e.g. Xpert MTB/RIF) | MTB detection, RIF resistance | <2 h | rpoB | WHO-endorsed, routine clinical use | (Cao et al. 2021, WHO 2024b) |
| Melting curve analysis | Drug resistance mutation detection | 2–4 h | rpoB, katG, ahpC,inhA | Limited clinical use | (Xie et al. 2024) |
| RDBH | MTB detection, drug resistance profiling | 4–7 h | rpoB, katG, embB, inhA, gyrA | Limited clinical use | (Wan et al. 2020) |
| ddPCR | Quantification of MTB, low-abundance mutation detection | 3–6 h | rpoB, katG, inhA, gyrA | Experimental | (Fan et al. 2022) |
| LAMP (e.g. TB-LAMP) | MTB detection | <1 h | gyrB, IS6110 | WHO-endorsed, limited clinical use | (Yadav et al. 2022) |
| RPA | MTB detection, drug resistance screening | <20 min | IS6110, rpoB | Experimental | (Jirakittiwut et al. 2025) |
| DNA microarrays | MTB detection, resistance mutation screening | 6–12 h | rpoB, katG, embB, inhA, gyrA, pncA, eis | Experimental | (Feng et al. 2021) |
| Gene sequencing (NGS, WGS) | Comprehensive resistance profiling | 24–72 h | Whole MTB genome | WHO-endorsed (tNGS only) | (Chen et al. 2024) |
| CRISPR | MTB detection, resistance mutation screening | <2 h | rpoB, katG, inhA, gyrA | Experimental | (Tram et al. 2023, Wang et al. 2024) |
qPCR, quantitative real-time PCR; RDBH, reverse dot blot hybridization; ddPCR, droplet digital PCR; LAMP, loop-mediated isothermal amplification; and RPA, recombinase polymerase amplification.
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