Table 1. Open in new tab Characteristics...

	Overall	Whites	Blacks
n	13 112	1764	9890	888	3222	876	472
25(OH)D, nmol/L	60.6 (21.4)	53.6 (20.6)	65.0 (20.8)	63.5 (19.9)	47.0 (16.8)	43.5 (15.8)	53.2 (17.5)
Supplement use with vitamin D, n, %	2516 (19.2)	507 (28.7)	2053 (20.8)	286 (32.2)	463 (14.4)	221 (25.2)	218 (46.0)
Deplete (25[OH]D <50 nmol/L), n, %	4274 (32.6)	833 (47.2)	2290 (23.2)	223 (25.1)	1984 (61.6)	610 (69.6)	220 (46.6)
Age, y	56.9 (5.7)	62.4 (4.5)	57.1 (5.7)	63.2 (4.4)	56.2 (5.8)	61.7 (4.5)	72.2 (4.1)
Male, n, %	5697 (43.4)	710 (40.2)	4545 (46.0)	389 (43.8)	1152 (35.8)	321 (36.6)	163 (34.5)
Center, n, %
Forsyth County, North Carolina	3326 (25.4)	995 (56.4)	2981 (30.1)	888 (100.0)	345 (10.7)	107 (12.2)	0
Jackson, Mississippi	2831 (21.6)	769 (43.6)	0	0	2831 (87.9)	769 (87.8)	472 (100.0)
Minneapolis, Minnesota	3548 (27.1)	0	3531 (35.7)	0	17 (0.5)	0	0
Washington County, Maryland	3407 (26.0)	0	3378 (34.2)	0	29 (0.9)	0	0
Education, n, %^b
<High school	2804 (21.4)	483 (27.4)	1548 (15.7)	130 (14.6)	1256 (39.1)	353 (40.4)	172 (36.6)
High school or vocational school	5471 (41.8)	603 (34.2)	4551 (46.1)	384 (43.2)	920 (28.6)	219 (25.1)	109 (23.2)
College, graduate, or professional school	4816 (36.8)	676 (38.4)	3779 (38.3)	374 (42.1)	1037 (32.3)	302 (34.6)	189 (40.2)
Smoking status, n, %
Never	5284 (40.4)	786 (44.7)	3817 (38.6)	358 (40.4)	1467 (45.8)	428 (49.0)	281 (60.3)
Former	4929 (37.7)	653 (37.1)	4007 (40.5)	369 (41.6)	922 (28.8)	284 (32.5)	157 (33.7)
Current	2877 (22.0)	321 (18.2)	2064 (20.9)	160 (18.0)	813 (25.4)	161 (18.4)	28 (6.0)
Current alcohol consumption, n, %
No	5701 (43.6)	1100 (62.5)	3583 (36.2)	469 (52.8)	2118 (66.1)	631 (72.3)	365 (77.3)
Yes	7388 (56.4)	661 (37.5)	6304 (63.8)	419 (47.2)	1084 (33.9)	242 (27.7)	107 (22.7)
Physical activity index^c	2.4 (0.8)	2.5 (0.8)	2.5 (0.8)	2.7 (0.8)	2.2 (0.7)	2.4 (0.7)	NA
BMI, kg/m²	27.9 (5.4)	28.0 (5.2)	27.3 (4.9)	26.5 (4.6)	30.0 (6.2)	29.5 (5.3)	30.5 (5.2)
Diabetes, n, %	1923 (14.7)	324 (18.4)	1138 (11.5)	99 (11.1)	785 (24.6)	225 (25.8)	NA
Hypertension, n, %	4680 (35.8)	851 (48.5)	2906 (29.4)	295 (33.3)	1774 (55.4)	556 (64.1)	372 (82.7)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	5.4 (1.0)	5.4 (1.0)	5.4 (1.0)	5.4 (0.9)	5.4 (1.1)	5.4 (1.0)	NA
HDL, mmol/L	1.3 (0.4)	1.4 (0.5)	1.3 (0.4)	1.4 (0.5)	1.4 (0.4)	1.4 (0.5)	NA
LDL, mmol/L	3.5 (1.0)	3.3 (0.9)	3.4 (0.9)	3.2 (0.8)	3.5 (1.0)	3.3 (1.0)	NA
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.5 (1.0)	1.5 (1.0)	1.6 (1.0)	1.7 (1.1)	1.3 (0.8)	1.3 (0.7)	NA
PTH, pmol/L	4.5 (2.5)	4.9 (3.3)	4.2 (1.6)	4.4 (2.7)	5.3 (4.2)	5.4 (3.7)	NA
Calcium, mmol/L	2.3 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	2.3 (0.1)	2.3 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	NA
Phosphate, mmol/L	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.2 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	NA
eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m²	96.3 (15.8)	NA	94.0 (13.1)	NA	103.3 (20.6)	NA	NA
eGFR categories, mL/min per 1.73 m²
<30	30 (0.2)	NA	4 (0.0)	NA	26 (0.8)	NA	NA
30 to <60	247 (1.9)	NA	168 (1.7)	NA	79 (2.5)	NA	NA
60 to <90	3330 (25.4)	NA	2697 (27.3)	NA	633 (19.6)	NA	NA
≥90	9505 (72.5)	NA	7021 (71.0)	NA	2484 (77.1)	NA	NA

Overall

Whites

Blacks

Visit 2

Visit 3

Visit 2

Visit 3

Visit 2

Visit 3

Brain MRI Visit

13 112

1764

9890

888

3222

876

472

25(OH)D, nmol/L

60.6 (21.4)

53.6 (20.6)

65.0 (20.8)

63.5 (19.9)

47.0 (16.8)

43.5 (15.8)

53.2 (17.5)

Supplement use with vitamin D, n, %

2516 (19.2)

507 (28.7)

2053 (20.8)

286 (32.2)

463 (14.4)

221 (25.2)

218 (46.0)

Deplete (25[OH]D <50 nmol/L), n, %

4274 (32.6)

833 (47.2)

2290 (23.2)

223 (25.1)

1984 (61.6)

610 (69.6)

220 (46.6)

Age, y

56.9 (5.7)

62.4 (4.5)

57.1 (5.7)

63.2 (4.4)

56.2 (5.8)

61.7 (4.5)

72.2 (4.1)

Male, n, %

5697 (43.4)

710 (40.2)

4545 (46.0)

389 (43.8)

1152 (35.8)

321 (36.6)

163 (34.5)

Center, n, %

Forsyth County, North Carolina

3326 (25.4)

995 (56.4)

2981 (30.1)

888 (100.0)

345 (10.7)

107 (12.2)

Jackson, Mississippi

2831 (21.6)

769 (43.6)

2831 (87.9)

769 (87.8)

472 (100.0)

Minneapolis, Minnesota

3548 (27.1)

3531 (35.7)

17 (0.5)

Washington County, Maryland

3407 (26.0)

3378 (34.2)

29 (0.9)

Education, n, %^b

<High school

2804 (21.4)

483 (27.4)

1548 (15.7)

130 (14.6)

1256 (39.1)

353 (40.4)

172 (36.6)

High school or vocational school

5471 (41.8)

603 (34.2)

4551 (46.1)

384 (43.2)

920 (28.6)

219 (25.1)

109 (23.2)

College, graduate, or professional school

4816 (36.8)

676 (38.4)

3779 (38.3)

374 (42.1)

1037 (32.3)

302 (34.6)

189 (40.2)

Smoking status, n, %

Never

5284 (40.4)

786 (44.7)

3817 (38.6)

358 (40.4)

1467 (45.8)

428 (49.0)

281 (60.3)

Former

4929 (37.7)

653 (37.1)

4007 (40.5)

369 (41.6)

922 (28.8)

284 (32.5)

157 (33.7)

Current

2877 (22.0)

321 (18.2)

2064 (20.9)

160 (18.0)

813 (25.4)

161 (18.4)

28 (6.0)

Current alcohol consumption, n, %

5701 (43.6)

1100 (62.5)

3583 (36.2)

469 (52.8)

2118 (66.1)

631 (72.3)

365 (77.3)

Yes

7388 (56.4)

661 (37.5)

6304 (63.8)

419 (47.2)

1084 (33.9)

242 (27.7)

107 (22.7)

Physical activity index^c

2.4 (0.8)

2.5 (0.8)

2.7 (0.8)

2.2 (0.7)

2.4 (0.7)

BMI, kg/m²

27.9 (5.4)

28.0 (5.2)

27.3 (4.9)

26.5 (4.6)

30.0 (6.2)

29.5 (5.3)

30.5 (5.2)

Diabetes, n, %

1923 (14.7)

324 (18.4)

1138 (11.5)

99 (11.1)

785 (24.6)

225 (25.8)

Hypertension, n, %

4680 (35.8)

851 (48.5)

2906 (29.4)

295 (33.3)

1774 (55.4)

556 (64.1)

372 (82.7)

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

5.4 (1.0)

5.4 (0.9)

5.4 (1.1)

5.4 (1.0)

HDL, mmol/L

1.3 (0.4)

1.4 (0.5)

1.3 (0.4)

1.4 (0.5)

1.4 (0.4)

1.4 (0.5)

LDL, mmol/L

3.5 (1.0)

3.3 (0.9)

3.4 (0.9)

3.2 (0.8)

3.5 (1.0)

3.3 (1.0)

Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.5 (1.0)

1.6 (1.0)

1.7 (1.1)

1.3 (0.8)

1.3 (0.7)

PTH, pmol/L

4.5 (2.5)

4.9 (3.3)

4.2 (1.6)

4.4 (2.7)

5.3 (4.2)

5.4 (3.7)

Calcium, mmol/L

2.3 (0.1)

2.4 (0.1)

2.3 (0.1)

2.4 (0.1)

Phosphate, mmol/L

1.1 (0.2)

1.2 (0.2)

1.1 (0.2)

eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m²

96.3 (15.8)

94.0 (13.1)

103.3 (20.6)

eGFR categories, mL/min per 1.73 m²

<30

30 (0.2)

4 (0.0)

26 (0.8)

30 to <60

247 (1.9)

168 (1.7)

79 (2.5)

60 to <90

3330 (25.4)

2697 (27.3)

633 (19.6)

≥90

9505 (72.5)

7021 (71.0)

2484 (77.1)

	Overall	Whites	Blacks
n	13 112	1764	9890	888	3222	876	472
25(OH)D, nmol/L	60.6 (21.4)	53.6 (20.6)	65.0 (20.8)	63.5 (19.9)	47.0 (16.8)	43.5 (15.8)	53.2 (17.5)
Supplement use with vitamin D, n, %	2516 (19.2)	507 (28.7)	2053 (20.8)	286 (32.2)	463 (14.4)	221 (25.2)	218 (46.0)
Deplete (25[OH]D <50 nmol/L), n, %	4274 (32.6)	833 (47.2)	2290 (23.2)	223 (25.1)	1984 (61.6)	610 (69.6)	220 (46.6)
Age, y	56.9 (5.7)	62.4 (4.5)	57.1 (5.7)	63.2 (4.4)	56.2 (5.8)	61.7 (4.5)	72.2 (4.1)
Male, n, %	5697 (43.4)	710 (40.2)	4545 (46.0)	389 (43.8)	1152 (35.8)	321 (36.6)	163 (34.5)
Center, n, %
Forsyth County, North Carolina	3326 (25.4)	995 (56.4)	2981 (30.1)	888 (100.0)	345 (10.7)	107 (12.2)	0
Jackson, Mississippi	2831 (21.6)	769 (43.6)	0	0	2831 (87.9)	769 (87.8)	472 (100.0)
Minneapolis, Minnesota	3548 (27.1)	0	3531 (35.7)	0	17 (0.5)	0	0
Washington County, Maryland	3407 (26.0)	0	3378 (34.2)	0	29 (0.9)	0	0
Education, n, %^b
<High school	2804 (21.4)	483 (27.4)	1548 (15.7)	130 (14.6)	1256 (39.1)	353 (40.4)	172 (36.6)
High school or vocational school	5471 (41.8)	603 (34.2)	4551 (46.1)	384 (43.2)	920 (28.6)	219 (25.1)	109 (23.2)
College, graduate, or professional school	4816 (36.8)	676 (38.4)	3779 (38.3)	374 (42.1)	1037 (32.3)	302 (34.6)	189 (40.2)
Smoking status, n, %
Never	5284 (40.4)	786 (44.7)	3817 (38.6)	358 (40.4)	1467 (45.8)	428 (49.0)	281 (60.3)
Former	4929 (37.7)	653 (37.1)	4007 (40.5)	369 (41.6)	922 (28.8)	284 (32.5)	157 (33.7)
Current	2877 (22.0)	321 (18.2)	2064 (20.9)	160 (18.0)	813 (25.4)	161 (18.4)	28 (6.0)
Current alcohol consumption, n, %
No	5701 (43.6)	1100 (62.5)	3583 (36.2)	469 (52.8)	2118 (66.1)	631 (72.3)	365 (77.3)
Yes	7388 (56.4)	661 (37.5)	6304 (63.8)	419 (47.2)	1084 (33.9)	242 (27.7)	107 (22.7)
Physical activity index^c	2.4 (0.8)	2.5 (0.8)	2.5 (0.8)	2.7 (0.8)	2.2 (0.7)	2.4 (0.7)	NA
BMI, kg/m²	27.9 (5.4)	28.0 (5.2)	27.3 (4.9)	26.5 (4.6)	30.0 (6.2)	29.5 (5.3)	30.5 (5.2)
Diabetes, n, %	1923 (14.7)	324 (18.4)	1138 (11.5)	99 (11.1)	785 (24.6)	225 (25.8)	NA
Hypertension, n, %	4680 (35.8)	851 (48.5)	2906 (29.4)	295 (33.3)	1774 (55.4)	556 (64.1)	372 (82.7)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	5.4 (1.0)	5.4 (1.0)	5.4 (1.0)	5.4 (0.9)	5.4 (1.1)	5.4 (1.0)	NA
HDL, mmol/L	1.3 (0.4)	1.4 (0.5)	1.3 (0.4)	1.4 (0.5)	1.4 (0.4)	1.4 (0.5)	NA
LDL, mmol/L	3.5 (1.0)	3.3 (0.9)	3.4 (0.9)	3.2 (0.8)	3.5 (1.0)	3.3 (1.0)	NA
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.5 (1.0)	1.5 (1.0)	1.6 (1.0)	1.7 (1.1)	1.3 (0.8)	1.3 (0.7)	NA
PTH, pmol/L	4.5 (2.5)	4.9 (3.3)	4.2 (1.6)	4.4 (2.7)	5.3 (4.2)	5.4 (3.7)	NA
Calcium, mmol/L	2.3 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	2.3 (0.1)	2.3 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	NA
Phosphate, mmol/L	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.2 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	NA
eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m²	96.3 (15.8)	NA	94.0 (13.1)	NA	103.3 (20.6)	NA	NA
eGFR categories, mL/min per 1.73 m²
<30	30 (0.2)	NA	4 (0.0)	NA	26 (0.8)	NA	NA
30 to <60	247 (1.9)	NA	168 (1.7)	NA	79 (2.5)	NA	NA
60 to <90	3330 (25.4)	NA	2697 (27.3)	NA	633 (19.6)	NA	NA
≥90	9505 (72.5)	NA	7021 (71.0)	NA	2484 (77.1)	NA	NA

Overall

Whites

Blacks

Visit 2

Visit 3

Visit 2

Visit 3

Visit 2

Visit 3

Brain MRI Visit

13 112

1764

9890

888

3222

876

472

25(OH)D, nmol/L

60.6 (21.4)

53.6 (20.6)

65.0 (20.8)

63.5 (19.9)

47.0 (16.8)

43.5 (15.8)

53.2 (17.5)

Supplement use with vitamin D, n, %

2516 (19.2)

507 (28.7)

2053 (20.8)

286 (32.2)

463 (14.4)

221 (25.2)

218 (46.0)

Deplete (25[OH]D <50 nmol/L), n, %

4274 (32.6)

833 (47.2)

2290 (23.2)

223 (25.1)

1984 (61.6)

610 (69.6)

220 (46.6)

Age, y

56.9 (5.7)

62.4 (4.5)

57.1 (5.7)

63.2 (4.4)

56.2 (5.8)

61.7 (4.5)

72.2 (4.1)

Male, n, %

5697 (43.4)

710 (40.2)

4545 (46.0)

389 (43.8)

1152 (35.8)

321 (36.6)

163 (34.5)

Center, n, %

Forsyth County, North Carolina

3326 (25.4)

995 (56.4)

2981 (30.1)

888 (100.0)

345 (10.7)

107 (12.2)

Jackson, Mississippi

2831 (21.6)

769 (43.6)

2831 (87.9)

769 (87.8)

472 (100.0)

Minneapolis, Minnesota

3548 (27.1)

3531 (35.7)

17 (0.5)

Washington County, Maryland

3407 (26.0)

3378 (34.2)

29 (0.9)

Education, n, %^b

<High school

2804 (21.4)

483 (27.4)

1548 (15.7)

130 (14.6)

1256 (39.1)

353 (40.4)

172 (36.6)

High school or vocational school

5471 (41.8)

603 (34.2)

4551 (46.1)

384 (43.2)

920 (28.6)

219 (25.1)

109 (23.2)

College, graduate, or professional school

4816 (36.8)

676 (38.4)

3779 (38.3)

374 (42.1)

1037 (32.3)

302 (34.6)

189 (40.2)

Smoking status, n, %

Never

5284 (40.4)

786 (44.7)

3817 (38.6)

358 (40.4)

1467 (45.8)

428 (49.0)

281 (60.3)

Former

4929 (37.7)

653 (37.1)

4007 (40.5)

369 (41.6)

922 (28.8)

284 (32.5)

157 (33.7)

Current

2877 (22.0)

321 (18.2)

2064 (20.9)

160 (18.0)

813 (25.4)

161 (18.4)

28 (6.0)

Current alcohol consumption, n, %

5701 (43.6)

1100 (62.5)

3583 (36.2)

469 (52.8)

2118 (66.1)

631 (72.3)

365 (77.3)

Yes

7388 (56.4)

661 (37.5)

6304 (63.8)

419 (47.2)

1084 (33.9)

242 (27.7)

107 (22.7)

Physical activity index^c

2.4 (0.8)

2.5 (0.8)

2.7 (0.8)

2.2 (0.7)

2.4 (0.7)

BMI, kg/m²

27.9 (5.4)

28.0 (5.2)

27.3 (4.9)

26.5 (4.6)

30.0 (6.2)

29.5 (5.3)

30.5 (5.2)

Diabetes, n, %

1923 (14.7)

324 (18.4)

1138 (11.5)

99 (11.1)

785 (24.6)

225 (25.8)

Hypertension, n, %

4680 (35.8)

851 (48.5)

2906 (29.4)

295 (33.3)

1774 (55.4)

556 (64.1)

372 (82.7)

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

5.4 (1.0)

5.4 (0.9)

5.4 (1.1)

5.4 (1.0)

HDL, mmol/L

1.3 (0.4)

1.4 (0.5)

1.3 (0.4)

1.4 (0.5)

1.4 (0.4)

1.4 (0.5)

LDL, mmol/L

3.5 (1.0)

3.3 (0.9)

3.4 (0.9)

3.2 (0.8)

3.5 (1.0)

3.3 (1.0)

Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.5 (1.0)

1.6 (1.0)

1.7 (1.1)

1.3 (0.8)

1.3 (0.7)

PTH, pmol/L

4.5 (2.5)

4.9 (3.3)

4.2 (1.6)

4.4 (2.7)

5.3 (4.2)

5.4 (3.7)

Calcium, mmol/L

2.3 (0.1)

2.4 (0.1)

2.3 (0.1)

2.4 (0.1)

Phosphate, mmol/L

1.1 (0.2)

1.2 (0.2)

1.1 (0.2)

eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m²

96.3 (15.8)

94.0 (13.1)

103.3 (20.6)

eGFR categories, mL/min per 1.73 m²

<30

30 (0.2)

4 (0.0)

26 (0.8)

30 to <60

247 (1.9)

168 (1.7)

79 (2.5)

60 to <90

3330 (25.4)

2697 (27.3)

633 (19.6)

≥90

9505 (72.5)

7021 (71.0)

2484 (77.1)

Table 1.

Open in new tab

Characteristics of Study Participants by Race and Visit^a

	Overall		Whites		Blacks
	Visit 2	Visit 3	Visit 2	Visit 3	Visit 2	Visit 3	Brain MRI Visit
n	13 112	1764	9890	888	3222	876	472
25(OH)D, nmol/L	60.6 (21.4)	53.6 (20.6)	65.0 (20.8)	63.5 (19.9)	47.0 (16.8)	43.5 (15.8)	53.2 (17.5)
Supplement use with vitamin D, n, %	2516 (19.2)	507 (28.7)	2053 (20.8)	286 (32.2)	463 (14.4)	221 (25.2)	218 (46.0)
Deplete (25[OH]D <50 nmol/L), n, %	4274 (32.6)	833 (47.2)	2290 (23.2)	223 (25.1)	1984 (61.6)	610 (69.6)	220 (46.6)
Age, y	56.9 (5.7)	62.4 (4.5)	57.1 (5.7)	63.2 (4.4)	56.2 (5.8)	61.7 (4.5)	72.2 (4.1)
Male, n, %	5697 (43.4)	710 (40.2)	4545 (46.0)	389 (43.8)	1152 (35.8)	321 (36.6)	163 (34.5)
Center, n, %
Forsyth County, North Carolina	3326 (25.4)	995 (56.4)	2981 (30.1)	888 (100.0)	345 (10.7)	107 (12.2)	0
Jackson, Mississippi	2831 (21.6)	769 (43.6)	0	0	2831 (87.9)	769 (87.8)	472 (100.0)
Minneapolis, Minnesota	3548 (27.1)	0	3531 (35.7)	0	17 (0.5)	0	0
Washington County, Maryland	3407 (26.0)	0	3378 (34.2)	0	29 (0.9)	0	0
Education, n, %^b
<High school	2804 (21.4)	483 (27.4)	1548 (15.7)	130 (14.6)	1256 (39.1)	353 (40.4)	172 (36.6)
High school or vocational school	5471 (41.8)	603 (34.2)	4551 (46.1)	384 (43.2)	920 (28.6)	219 (25.1)	109 (23.2)
College, graduate, or professional school	4816 (36.8)	676 (38.4)	3779 (38.3)	374 (42.1)	1037 (32.3)	302 (34.6)	189 (40.2)
Smoking status, n, %
Never	5284 (40.4)	786 (44.7)	3817 (38.6)	358 (40.4)	1467 (45.8)	428 (49.0)	281 (60.3)
Former	4929 (37.7)	653 (37.1)	4007 (40.5)	369 (41.6)	922 (28.8)	284 (32.5)	157 (33.7)
Current	2877 (22.0)	321 (18.2)	2064 (20.9)	160 (18.0)	813 (25.4)	161 (18.4)	28 (6.0)
Current alcohol consumption, n, %
No	5701 (43.6)	1100 (62.5)	3583 (36.2)	469 (52.8)	2118 (66.1)	631 (72.3)	365 (77.3)
Yes	7388 (56.4)	661 (37.5)	6304 (63.8)	419 (47.2)	1084 (33.9)	242 (27.7)	107 (22.7)
Physical activity index^c	2.4 (0.8)	2.5 (0.8)	2.5 (0.8)	2.7 (0.8)	2.2 (0.7)	2.4 (0.7)	NA
BMI, kg/m²	27.9 (5.4)	28.0 (5.2)	27.3 (4.9)	26.5 (4.6)	30.0 (6.2)	29.5 (5.3)	30.5 (5.2)
Diabetes, n, %	1923 (14.7)	324 (18.4)	1138 (11.5)	99 (11.1)	785 (24.6)	225 (25.8)	NA
Hypertension, n, %	4680 (35.8)	851 (48.5)	2906 (29.4)	295 (33.3)	1774 (55.4)	556 (64.1)	372 (82.7)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	5.4 (1.0)	5.4 (1.0)	5.4 (1.0)	5.4 (0.9)	5.4 (1.1)	5.4 (1.0)	NA
HDL, mmol/L	1.3 (0.4)	1.4 (0.5)	1.3 (0.4)	1.4 (0.5)	1.4 (0.4)	1.4 (0.5)	NA
LDL, mmol/L	3.5 (1.0)	3.3 (0.9)	3.4 (0.9)	3.2 (0.8)	3.5 (1.0)	3.3 (1.0)	NA
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.5 (1.0)	1.5 (1.0)	1.6 (1.0)	1.7 (1.1)	1.3 (0.8)	1.3 (0.7)	NA
PTH, pmol/L	4.5 (2.5)	4.9 (3.3)	4.2 (1.6)	4.4 (2.7)	5.3 (4.2)	5.4 (3.7)	NA
Calcium, mmol/L	2.3 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	2.3 (0.1)	2.3 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	NA
Phosphate, mmol/L	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.2 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	NA
eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m²	96.3 (15.8)	NA	94.0 (13.1)	NA	103.3 (20.6)	NA	NA
eGFR categories, mL/min per 1.73 m²
<30	30 (0.2)	NA	4 (0.0)	NA	26 (0.8)	NA	NA
30 to <60	247 (1.9)	NA	168 (1.7)	NA	79 (2.5)	NA	NA
60 to <90	3330 (25.4)	NA	2697 (27.3)	NA	633 (19.6)	NA	NA
≥90	9505 (72.5)	NA	7021 (71.0)	NA	2484 (77.1)	NA	NA

	Overall		Whites		Blacks
	Visit 2	Visit 3	Visit 2	Visit 3	Visit 2	Visit 3	Brain MRI Visit
n	13 112	1764	9890	888	3222	876	472
25(OH)D, nmol/L	60.6 (21.4)	53.6 (20.6)	65.0 (20.8)	63.5 (19.9)	47.0 (16.8)	43.5 (15.8)	53.2 (17.5)
Supplement use with vitamin D, n, %	2516 (19.2)	507 (28.7)	2053 (20.8)	286 (32.2)	463 (14.4)	221 (25.2)	218 (46.0)
Deplete (25[OH]D <50 nmol/L), n, %	4274 (32.6)	833 (47.2)	2290 (23.2)	223 (25.1)	1984 (61.6)	610 (69.6)	220 (46.6)
Age, y	56.9 (5.7)	62.4 (4.5)	57.1 (5.7)	63.2 (4.4)	56.2 (5.8)	61.7 (4.5)	72.2 (4.1)
Male, n, %	5697 (43.4)	710 (40.2)	4545 (46.0)	389 (43.8)	1152 (35.8)	321 (36.6)	163 (34.5)
Center, n, %
Forsyth County, North Carolina	3326 (25.4)	995 (56.4)	2981 (30.1)	888 (100.0)	345 (10.7)	107 (12.2)	0
Jackson, Mississippi	2831 (21.6)	769 (43.6)	0	0	2831 (87.9)	769 (87.8)	472 (100.0)
Minneapolis, Minnesota	3548 (27.1)	0	3531 (35.7)	0	17 (0.5)	0	0
Washington County, Maryland	3407 (26.0)	0	3378 (34.2)	0	29 (0.9)	0	0
Education, n, %^b
<High school	2804 (21.4)	483 (27.4)	1548 (15.7)	130 (14.6)	1256 (39.1)	353 (40.4)	172 (36.6)
High school or vocational school	5471 (41.8)	603 (34.2)	4551 (46.1)	384 (43.2)	920 (28.6)	219 (25.1)	109 (23.2)
College, graduate, or professional school	4816 (36.8)	676 (38.4)	3779 (38.3)	374 (42.1)	1037 (32.3)	302 (34.6)	189 (40.2)
Smoking status, n, %
Never	5284 (40.4)	786 (44.7)	3817 (38.6)	358 (40.4)	1467 (45.8)	428 (49.0)	281 (60.3)
Former	4929 (37.7)	653 (37.1)	4007 (40.5)	369 (41.6)	922 (28.8)	284 (32.5)	157 (33.7)
Current	2877 (22.0)	321 (18.2)	2064 (20.9)	160 (18.0)	813 (25.4)	161 (18.4)	28 (6.0)
Current alcohol consumption, n, %
No	5701 (43.6)	1100 (62.5)	3583 (36.2)	469 (52.8)	2118 (66.1)	631 (72.3)	365 (77.3)
Yes	7388 (56.4)	661 (37.5)	6304 (63.8)	419 (47.2)	1084 (33.9)	242 (27.7)	107 (22.7)
Physical activity index^c	2.4 (0.8)	2.5 (0.8)	2.5 (0.8)	2.7 (0.8)	2.2 (0.7)	2.4 (0.7)	NA
BMI, kg/m²	27.9 (5.4)	28.0 (5.2)	27.3 (4.9)	26.5 (4.6)	30.0 (6.2)	29.5 (5.3)	30.5 (5.2)
Diabetes, n, %	1923 (14.7)	324 (18.4)	1138 (11.5)	99 (11.1)	785 (24.6)	225 (25.8)	NA
Hypertension, n, %	4680 (35.8)	851 (48.5)	2906 (29.4)	295 (33.3)	1774 (55.4)	556 (64.1)	372 (82.7)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	5.4 (1.0)	5.4 (1.0)	5.4 (1.0)	5.4 (0.9)	5.4 (1.1)	5.4 (1.0)	NA
HDL, mmol/L	1.3 (0.4)	1.4 (0.5)	1.3 (0.4)	1.4 (0.5)	1.4 (0.4)	1.4 (0.5)	NA
LDL, mmol/L	3.5 (1.0)	3.3 (0.9)	3.4 (0.9)	3.2 (0.8)	3.5 (1.0)	3.3 (1.0)	NA
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.5 (1.0)	1.5 (1.0)	1.6 (1.0)	1.7 (1.1)	1.3 (0.8)	1.3 (0.7)	NA
PTH, pmol/L	4.5 (2.5)	4.9 (3.3)	4.2 (1.6)	4.4 (2.7)	5.3 (4.2)	5.4 (3.7)	NA
Calcium, mmol/L	2.3 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	2.3 (0.1)	2.3 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	2.4 (0.1)	NA
Phosphate, mmol/L	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.2 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	NA
eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m²	96.3 (15.8)	NA	94.0 (13.1)	NA	103.3 (20.6)	NA	NA
eGFR categories, mL/min per 1.73 m²
<30	30 (0.2)	NA	4 (0.0)	NA	26 (0.8)	NA	NA
30 to <60	247 (1.9)	NA	168 (1.7)	NA	79 (2.5)	NA	NA
60 to <90	3330 (25.4)	NA	2697 (27.3)	NA	633 (19.6)	NA	NA
≥90	9505 (72.5)	NA	7021 (71.0)	NA	2484 (77.1)	NA	NA

Abbreviations: LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NA, not available.

Data are means (SD) or number (percentage).

Education information for visits 2 and 3 is derived from visit 1 (1987–1989).

Physical activity index for visit 2 is derived from visit 1 (1987–1989).

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