| Characteristics . | Lateral approach . | Subxiphoid approach . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VATS (n = 122) . | RATS (n = 62) . | P-value . | VATS (n = 98) . | RATS (n = 52) . | P-value . | |
| Conversion to open surgery (%) | 1 (0.82) | 0 (0.00) | >0.99 | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Drainage volume (ml) | 260 (130–400) | 208 (65–390) | 0.24 | 180 (60–310) | 283 (110–600) | <0.001 |
| Catheter retention time (day) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | <0.001 | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 0.03 |
| Postoperative stay (day) | 3.0 (3.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 0.002 | 3.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 0.17 |
| Second operation (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Complications occurred within 30 days after surgery (%) | 21 (17.21) | 2 (3.23) | <0.001 | 13 (13.27) | 8 (15.38) | 0.68 |
| Clavien Dindo≥III | 15 (12.30) | 1 (1.61) | <0.001 | 10 (10.20) | 5 (9.62) | >0.99 |
| Myasthenia gravis | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 1 (1.02) | 0 (0.00) | >0.99 |
| Hoarseness | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Pulmonary infection | 6 (4.92) | 1 (1.61) | 0.16 | 2 (2.04) | 4 (7.69) | 0.06 |
| Pulmonary atelectasis | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Pleural effusion | 9 (7.38) | 1 (1.61) | 0.03 | 5 (5.10) | 4 (7.69) | 0.56 |
| Arrhythmia | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| DVT | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Incision infection | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Chylothorax | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Postoperative haemorrhage | 7 (5.74) | 0 (0.00) | 0.02 | 5 (5.10) | 1 (1.92) | 0.26 |
| Readmission within 30 days | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 1 (1.02) | 0.00 | >0.99 |
| Characteristics . | Lateral approach . | Subxiphoid approach . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VATS (n = 122) . | RATS (n = 62) . | P-value . | VATS (n = 98) . | RATS (n = 52) . | P-value . | |
| Conversion to open surgery (%) | 1 (0.82) | 0 (0.00) | >0.99 | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Drainage volume (ml) | 260 (130–400) | 208 (65–390) | 0.24 | 180 (60–310) | 283 (110–600) | <0.001 |
| Catheter retention time (day) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | <0.001 | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 0.03 |
| Postoperative stay (day) | 3.0 (3.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 0.002 | 3.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 0.17 |
| Second operation (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Complications occurred within 30 days after surgery (%) | 21 (17.21) | 2 (3.23) | <0.001 | 13 (13.27) | 8 (15.38) | 0.68 |
| Clavien Dindo≥III | 15 (12.30) | 1 (1.61) | <0.001 | 10 (10.20) | 5 (9.62) | >0.99 |
| Myasthenia gravis | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 1 (1.02) | 0 (0.00) | >0.99 |
| Hoarseness | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Pulmonary infection | 6 (4.92) | 1 (1.61) | 0.16 | 2 (2.04) | 4 (7.69) | 0.06 |
| Pulmonary atelectasis | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Pleural effusion | 9 (7.38) | 1 (1.61) | 0.03 | 5 (5.10) | 4 (7.69) | 0.56 |
| Arrhythmia | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| DVT | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Incision infection | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Chylothorax | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Postoperative haemorrhage | 7 (5.74) | 0 (0.00) | 0.02 | 5 (5.10) | 1 (1.92) | 0.26 |
| Readmission within 30 days | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 1 (1.02) | 0.00 | >0.99 |
| Characteristics . | Lateral approach . | Subxiphoid approach . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VATS (n = 122) . | RATS (n = 62) . | P-value . | VATS (n = 98) . | RATS (n = 52) . | P-value . | |
| Conversion to open surgery (%) | 1 (0.82) | 0 (0.00) | >0.99 | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Drainage volume (ml) | 260 (130–400) | 208 (65–390) | 0.24 | 180 (60–310) | 283 (110–600) | <0.001 |
| Catheter retention time (day) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | <0.001 | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 0.03 |
| Postoperative stay (day) | 3.0 (3.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 0.002 | 3.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 0.17 |
| Second operation (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Complications occurred within 30 days after surgery (%) | 21 (17.21) | 2 (3.23) | <0.001 | 13 (13.27) | 8 (15.38) | 0.68 |
| Clavien Dindo≥III | 15 (12.30) | 1 (1.61) | <0.001 | 10 (10.20) | 5 (9.62) | >0.99 |
| Myasthenia gravis | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 1 (1.02) | 0 (0.00) | >0.99 |
| Hoarseness | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Pulmonary infection | 6 (4.92) | 1 (1.61) | 0.16 | 2 (2.04) | 4 (7.69) | 0.06 |
| Pulmonary atelectasis | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Pleural effusion | 9 (7.38) | 1 (1.61) | 0.03 | 5 (5.10) | 4 (7.69) | 0.56 |
| Arrhythmia | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| DVT | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Incision infection | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Chylothorax | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Postoperative haemorrhage | 7 (5.74) | 0 (0.00) | 0.02 | 5 (5.10) | 1 (1.92) | 0.26 |
| Readmission within 30 days | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 1 (1.02) | 0.00 | >0.99 |
| Characteristics . | Lateral approach . | Subxiphoid approach . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VATS (n = 122) . | RATS (n = 62) . | P-value . | VATS (n = 98) . | RATS (n = 52) . | P-value . | |
| Conversion to open surgery (%) | 1 (0.82) | 0 (0.00) | >0.99 | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Drainage volume (ml) | 260 (130–400) | 208 (65–390) | 0.24 | 180 (60–310) | 283 (110–600) | <0.001 |
| Catheter retention time (day) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | <0.001 | 2.0 (2.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) | 0.03 |
| Postoperative stay (day) | 3.0 (3.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 0.002 | 3.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 0.17 |
| Second operation (%) | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Complications occurred within 30 days after surgery (%) | 21 (17.21) | 2 (3.23) | <0.001 | 13 (13.27) | 8 (15.38) | 0.68 |
| Clavien Dindo≥III | 15 (12.30) | 1 (1.61) | <0.001 | 10 (10.20) | 5 (9.62) | >0.99 |
| Myasthenia gravis | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 1 (1.02) | 0 (0.00) | >0.99 |
| Hoarseness | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Pulmonary infection | 6 (4.92) | 1 (1.61) | 0.16 | 2 (2.04) | 4 (7.69) | 0.06 |
| Pulmonary atelectasis | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Pleural effusion | 9 (7.38) | 1 (1.61) | 0.03 | 5 (5.10) | 4 (7.69) | 0.56 |
| Arrhythmia | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| DVT | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Incision infection | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Chylothorax | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 0.00 | 0.00 | / |
| Postoperative haemorrhage | 7 (5.74) | 0 (0.00) | 0.02 | 5 (5.10) | 1 (1.92) | 0.26 |
| Readmission within 30 days | 0.00 | 0.00 | / | 1 (1.02) | 0.00 | >0.99 |
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