Baseline characteristics of 919 patients undergoing robotic pancreatoduodenectomy and patients with and without postoperative pancreatic fistula
| . | RPD (n = 919) . | POPF grade B/C (n = 204) . | No POPF (n = 715) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age (years), median (i.q.r.) | 68 (59–74) | 69 (61–75) | 67 (58–74) | 0.059 |
| Sex, male | 482 (52.4) | 123 (60.3) | 358 (50.1) | 0.012 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (i.q.r.) | 24.8 (22.5–27.5) | 25.6 (23.2–28.3) | 24.6 (22.5–27.1) | 0.005 |
| ASA ≥III | 260 (28.3) | 49 (24.0) | 210 (29.4) | 0.61 |
| Intraoperative outcomes | ||||
| Pancreatic texture, soft | 421 (45.8) | 125 (61.3) | 295 (41.3) | <0.001 |
| Pancreatic duct size (mm), median (i.q.r.) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2–6) | <0.001 |
| ≤1 | 110 (12.0) | 29 (14.2) | 81 (11.3) | |
| 2 | 140 (15.2) | 48 (23.5) | 92 (12.9) | |
| 3 | 153 (16.6) | 38 (18.6) | 114 (15.9) | |
| 4 | 118 (12.8) | 20 (9.8) | 98 (13.7) | |
| ≥5 | 306 (33.3) | 41 (20.1) | 263 (36.8) | |
| Operation time (min), median (i.q.r.) | 439 (360–527) | 413 (351–508) | 440 (363–538) | 0.043 |
| Intraoperative blood loss (ml), median (i.q.r.) | 200 (100–400) | 200 (100–425) | 200 (100–400) | 0.56 |
| Conversion | 62 (6.7) | 15 (7.4) | 47 (6.6) | 0.82 |
| Postoperative outcomes | ||||
| Major morbidity rate (C–D≥III) | 331 (36.0) | 171 (83.8) | 159 (22.2) | <0.001 |
| Postoperative pancreatic fistula, grade B/C | 204 (22.2) | |||
| Postpancreatectomy haemorrhage grade B/C | 82 (8.9) | 47 (23.0) | 35 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Bile leak grade B/C | 67 (7.3) | 34 (16.7) | 32 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| Delayed gastric emptying grade B/C | 143 (15.6) | 67 (32.8) | 76 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Chyle leak grade B/C | 27 (2.9) | 4 (2.0) | 23 (3.2) | 0.49 |
| Reoperation | 102 (11.1) | 45 (22.1) | 57 (8.0) | <0.001 |
| Readmission | 157 (17.1) | 63 (30.9) | 93 (13.0) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital/30-day mortality rate | 34 (3.7) | 12 (5.9) | 22 (3.1) | 0.13 |
| Postoperative pathology | ||||
| Malignant | 540 (58.8) | 114 (55.9) | 425 (59.4) | 0.41 |
| PDAC | 435 (47.3) | 80 (39.2) | 354 (49.5) | |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 46 (5.0) | 18 (8.8) | 28 (3.9) | |
| Ampullary carcinoma | 59 (6.4) | 16 (7.8) | 43 (6.0) | |
| Benign | 382 (41.6) | 90 (44.1) | 268 (37.5) | 0.41 |
| Adenoma | 47 (5.1) | 13 (6.4) | 26 (3.6) | |
| Neuroendocrine neoplasm | 87 (9.5) | 25 (12.3) | 61 (8.5) | |
| Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm | 56 (6.1) | 14 (6.9) | 42 (5.9) | |
| Mucinous cystic neoplasm | 16 (1.7) | 4 (2.0) | 12 (1.7) | |
| Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm | 11 (1.2) | 4 (2.0) | 7 (1.0) | |
| Serous cystadenoma | 14 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 13 (1.8) | |
| Chronic pancreatitis | 116 (12.6) | 26 (12.7) | 77 (10.8) | |
| Other | 21 (2.3) | 4 (2.0) | 17 (2.4) | |
| . | RPD (n = 919) . | POPF grade B/C (n = 204) . | No POPF (n = 715) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age (years), median (i.q.r.) | 68 (59–74) | 69 (61–75) | 67 (58–74) | 0.059 |
| Sex, male | 482 (52.4) | 123 (60.3) | 358 (50.1) | 0.012 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (i.q.r.) | 24.8 (22.5–27.5) | 25.6 (23.2–28.3) | 24.6 (22.5–27.1) | 0.005 |
| ASA ≥III | 260 (28.3) | 49 (24.0) | 210 (29.4) | 0.61 |
| Intraoperative outcomes | ||||
| Pancreatic texture, soft | 421 (45.8) | 125 (61.3) | 295 (41.3) | <0.001 |
| Pancreatic duct size (mm), median (i.q.r.) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2–6) | <0.001 |
| ≤1 | 110 (12.0) | 29 (14.2) | 81 (11.3) | |
| 2 | 140 (15.2) | 48 (23.5) | 92 (12.9) | |
| 3 | 153 (16.6) | 38 (18.6) | 114 (15.9) | |
| 4 | 118 (12.8) | 20 (9.8) | 98 (13.7) | |
| ≥5 | 306 (33.3) | 41 (20.1) | 263 (36.8) | |
| Operation time (min), median (i.q.r.) | 439 (360–527) | 413 (351–508) | 440 (363–538) | 0.043 |
| Intraoperative blood loss (ml), median (i.q.r.) | 200 (100–400) | 200 (100–425) | 200 (100–400) | 0.56 |
| Conversion | 62 (6.7) | 15 (7.4) | 47 (6.6) | 0.82 |
| Postoperative outcomes | ||||
| Major morbidity rate (C–D≥III) | 331 (36.0) | 171 (83.8) | 159 (22.2) | <0.001 |
| Postoperative pancreatic fistula, grade B/C | 204 (22.2) | |||
| Postpancreatectomy haemorrhage grade B/C | 82 (8.9) | 47 (23.0) | 35 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Bile leak grade B/C | 67 (7.3) | 34 (16.7) | 32 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| Delayed gastric emptying grade B/C | 143 (15.6) | 67 (32.8) | 76 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Chyle leak grade B/C | 27 (2.9) | 4 (2.0) | 23 (3.2) | 0.49 |
| Reoperation | 102 (11.1) | 45 (22.1) | 57 (8.0) | <0.001 |
| Readmission | 157 (17.1) | 63 (30.9) | 93 (13.0) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital/30-day mortality rate | 34 (3.7) | 12 (5.9) | 22 (3.1) | 0.13 |
| Postoperative pathology | ||||
| Malignant | 540 (58.8) | 114 (55.9) | 425 (59.4) | 0.41 |
| PDAC | 435 (47.3) | 80 (39.2) | 354 (49.5) | |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 46 (5.0) | 18 (8.8) | 28 (3.9) | |
| Ampullary carcinoma | 59 (6.4) | 16 (7.8) | 43 (6.0) | |
| Benign | 382 (41.6) | 90 (44.1) | 268 (37.5) | 0.41 |
| Adenoma | 47 (5.1) | 13 (6.4) | 26 (3.6) | |
| Neuroendocrine neoplasm | 87 (9.5) | 25 (12.3) | 61 (8.5) | |
| Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm | 56 (6.1) | 14 (6.9) | 42 (5.9) | |
| Mucinous cystic neoplasm | 16 (1.7) | 4 (2.0) | 12 (1.7) | |
| Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm | 11 (1.2) | 4 (2.0) | 7 (1.0) | |
| Serous cystadenoma | 14 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 13 (1.8) | |
| Chronic pancreatitis | 116 (12.6) | 26 (12.7) | 77 (10.8) | |
| Other | 21 (2.3) | 4 (2.0) | 17 (2.4) | |
Values are n (%) unless otherwise indicated. i.q.r., interquartile range; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification; BMI, body mass index; C–D, Clavien–Dindo; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; RPD, robot pancreatoduodenectomy; POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula.
Baseline characteristics of 919 patients undergoing robotic pancreatoduodenectomy and patients with and without postoperative pancreatic fistula
| . | RPD (n = 919) . | POPF grade B/C (n = 204) . | No POPF (n = 715) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age (years), median (i.q.r.) | 68 (59–74) | 69 (61–75) | 67 (58–74) | 0.059 |
| Sex, male | 482 (52.4) | 123 (60.3) | 358 (50.1) | 0.012 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (i.q.r.) | 24.8 (22.5–27.5) | 25.6 (23.2–28.3) | 24.6 (22.5–27.1) | 0.005 |
| ASA ≥III | 260 (28.3) | 49 (24.0) | 210 (29.4) | 0.61 |
| Intraoperative outcomes | ||||
| Pancreatic texture, soft | 421 (45.8) | 125 (61.3) | 295 (41.3) | <0.001 |
| Pancreatic duct size (mm), median (i.q.r.) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2–6) | <0.001 |
| ≤1 | 110 (12.0) | 29 (14.2) | 81 (11.3) | |
| 2 | 140 (15.2) | 48 (23.5) | 92 (12.9) | |
| 3 | 153 (16.6) | 38 (18.6) | 114 (15.9) | |
| 4 | 118 (12.8) | 20 (9.8) | 98 (13.7) | |
| ≥5 | 306 (33.3) | 41 (20.1) | 263 (36.8) | |
| Operation time (min), median (i.q.r.) | 439 (360–527) | 413 (351–508) | 440 (363–538) | 0.043 |
| Intraoperative blood loss (ml), median (i.q.r.) | 200 (100–400) | 200 (100–425) | 200 (100–400) | 0.56 |
| Conversion | 62 (6.7) | 15 (7.4) | 47 (6.6) | 0.82 |
| Postoperative outcomes | ||||
| Major morbidity rate (C–D≥III) | 331 (36.0) | 171 (83.8) | 159 (22.2) | <0.001 |
| Postoperative pancreatic fistula, grade B/C | 204 (22.2) | |||
| Postpancreatectomy haemorrhage grade B/C | 82 (8.9) | 47 (23.0) | 35 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Bile leak grade B/C | 67 (7.3) | 34 (16.7) | 32 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| Delayed gastric emptying grade B/C | 143 (15.6) | 67 (32.8) | 76 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Chyle leak grade B/C | 27 (2.9) | 4 (2.0) | 23 (3.2) | 0.49 |
| Reoperation | 102 (11.1) | 45 (22.1) | 57 (8.0) | <0.001 |
| Readmission | 157 (17.1) | 63 (30.9) | 93 (13.0) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital/30-day mortality rate | 34 (3.7) | 12 (5.9) | 22 (3.1) | 0.13 |
| Postoperative pathology | ||||
| Malignant | 540 (58.8) | 114 (55.9) | 425 (59.4) | 0.41 |
| PDAC | 435 (47.3) | 80 (39.2) | 354 (49.5) | |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 46 (5.0) | 18 (8.8) | 28 (3.9) | |
| Ampullary carcinoma | 59 (6.4) | 16 (7.8) | 43 (6.0) | |
| Benign | 382 (41.6) | 90 (44.1) | 268 (37.5) | 0.41 |
| Adenoma | 47 (5.1) | 13 (6.4) | 26 (3.6) | |
| Neuroendocrine neoplasm | 87 (9.5) | 25 (12.3) | 61 (8.5) | |
| Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm | 56 (6.1) | 14 (6.9) | 42 (5.9) | |
| Mucinous cystic neoplasm | 16 (1.7) | 4 (2.0) | 12 (1.7) | |
| Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm | 11 (1.2) | 4 (2.0) | 7 (1.0) | |
| Serous cystadenoma | 14 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 13 (1.8) | |
| Chronic pancreatitis | 116 (12.6) | 26 (12.7) | 77 (10.8) | |
| Other | 21 (2.3) | 4 (2.0) | 17 (2.4) | |
| . | RPD (n = 919) . | POPF grade B/C (n = 204) . | No POPF (n = 715) . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age (years), median (i.q.r.) | 68 (59–74) | 69 (61–75) | 67 (58–74) | 0.059 |
| Sex, male | 482 (52.4) | 123 (60.3) | 358 (50.1) | 0.012 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (i.q.r.) | 24.8 (22.5–27.5) | 25.6 (23.2–28.3) | 24.6 (22.5–27.1) | 0.005 |
| ASA ≥III | 260 (28.3) | 49 (24.0) | 210 (29.4) | 0.61 |
| Intraoperative outcomes | ||||
| Pancreatic texture, soft | 421 (45.8) | 125 (61.3) | 295 (41.3) | <0.001 |
| Pancreatic duct size (mm), median (i.q.r.) | 4 (2–5) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (2–6) | <0.001 |
| ≤1 | 110 (12.0) | 29 (14.2) | 81 (11.3) | |
| 2 | 140 (15.2) | 48 (23.5) | 92 (12.9) | |
| 3 | 153 (16.6) | 38 (18.6) | 114 (15.9) | |
| 4 | 118 (12.8) | 20 (9.8) | 98 (13.7) | |
| ≥5 | 306 (33.3) | 41 (20.1) | 263 (36.8) | |
| Operation time (min), median (i.q.r.) | 439 (360–527) | 413 (351–508) | 440 (363–538) | 0.043 |
| Intraoperative blood loss (ml), median (i.q.r.) | 200 (100–400) | 200 (100–425) | 200 (100–400) | 0.56 |
| Conversion | 62 (6.7) | 15 (7.4) | 47 (6.6) | 0.82 |
| Postoperative outcomes | ||||
| Major morbidity rate (C–D≥III) | 331 (36.0) | 171 (83.8) | 159 (22.2) | <0.001 |
| Postoperative pancreatic fistula, grade B/C | 204 (22.2) | |||
| Postpancreatectomy haemorrhage grade B/C | 82 (8.9) | 47 (23.0) | 35 (4.9) | <0.001 |
| Bile leak grade B/C | 67 (7.3) | 34 (16.7) | 32 (4.5) | <0.001 |
| Delayed gastric emptying grade B/C | 143 (15.6) | 67 (32.8) | 76 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Chyle leak grade B/C | 27 (2.9) | 4 (2.0) | 23 (3.2) | 0.49 |
| Reoperation | 102 (11.1) | 45 (22.1) | 57 (8.0) | <0.001 |
| Readmission | 157 (17.1) | 63 (30.9) | 93 (13.0) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital/30-day mortality rate | 34 (3.7) | 12 (5.9) | 22 (3.1) | 0.13 |
| Postoperative pathology | ||||
| Malignant | 540 (58.8) | 114 (55.9) | 425 (59.4) | 0.41 |
| PDAC | 435 (47.3) | 80 (39.2) | 354 (49.5) | |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 46 (5.0) | 18 (8.8) | 28 (3.9) | |
| Ampullary carcinoma | 59 (6.4) | 16 (7.8) | 43 (6.0) | |
| Benign | 382 (41.6) | 90 (44.1) | 268 (37.5) | 0.41 |
| Adenoma | 47 (5.1) | 13 (6.4) | 26 (3.6) | |
| Neuroendocrine neoplasm | 87 (9.5) | 25 (12.3) | 61 (8.5) | |
| Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm | 56 (6.1) | 14 (6.9) | 42 (5.9) | |
| Mucinous cystic neoplasm | 16 (1.7) | 4 (2.0) | 12 (1.7) | |
| Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm | 11 (1.2) | 4 (2.0) | 7 (1.0) | |
| Serous cystadenoma | 14 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 13 (1.8) | |
| Chronic pancreatitis | 116 (12.6) | 26 (12.7) | 77 (10.8) | |
| Other | 21 (2.3) | 4 (2.0) | 17 (2.4) | |
Values are n (%) unless otherwise indicated. i.q.r., interquartile range; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification; BMI, body mass index; C–D, Clavien–Dindo; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; RPD, robot pancreatoduodenectomy; POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula.
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