Characteristics of the entire study population and those that visited malaria-endemic areas [n (%) or median (IQR)]
| . | . | . | Countries with heterogeneous malaria risk (Brazil, India, Peru, Thailand) . | Tanzania . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Overall study . | Overall study with geo-located data . | No malaria risk . | Malaria visits in heterogeneous countries . | Uniformly high risk for malaria . | ||
| High risk | Low risk | Minimal risk | High risk | ||||
| Participantsa | 767 | 734 (96%) | 267 | 13 | 37 | 314 | 215 |
| Female sex | 421 (55%) | 402 (55%) | 139 (52%) | 5 (38%) | 20 (54%) | 180 (57%) | 117 (54%) |
| Age | 34.0 (27.0, 50.0) | 34.0 (27.0, 49.0) | 33.0 (28.0, 47.5) | 42.0 (35.0. 45.0) | 33.0 (28.0, 43.0) | 32.5 (27.0, 48.0) | 37.0 (28.0, 51.0) |
| Planned trip days | 16.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 16.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 18.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 23.0 (21.0, 27.0) | 22.0 (15.0, 25.0) | 19.0 (15.0, 26.8) | 15.0 (12.0, 19.0) |
| Reason for travel | |||||||
| Holiday | 601 (78%) | 573 (78%) | 200 (75%) | 10 (77%) | 31 (84%) | 250 (80%) | 177 (82%) |
| Business | 55 (7%) | 54 (7%) | 27 (10%) | 3 (23%) | 3 (8%) | 19 (6%) | 13 (6%) |
| Volunteering | 28 (4%) | 28 (4%) | 4 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 11 (4%) | 15 (7%) |
| Visiting friends and relatives | 62 (8%) | 59 (8%) | 34 (13%) | 0 | 3 (8%) | 18 (6%) | 7 (3%) |
| Missing | 21 (3%) | 20 (3%) | 2 (0.7%) | 0 | 0 | 16 (5%) | 3 (1%) |
| Total survey daysb | 15 455 | 14 850 | 5179 | 413 | 943 | 7094 | 4060 |
| Total survey days in-countryc | 9276 | 8910 | 3303 | 234 | 564 | 4240 | 2215 |
| Used insect spray for skin (survey days) | 4924 (53%) | 4703 (53%) | 1209 (37%) | 85 (36%) | 258 (46%) | 2314 (55%) | 1450 (65%) |
| Used insecticide for clothing or in the room (survey days) | 2003 (22%) | 1900 (21%) | 382 (12%) | 29 (12%) | 87 (15%) | 865 (20%) | 734 (33%) |
| Used clothing that covered arms and legs (survey days) | 2802 (30%) | 2665 (30%) | 625 (19%) | 87 (37%) | 147 (26%) | 1199 (28%) | 1017 (46%) |
| Used socks or closed-toe shoes (survey days) | 2883 (31%) | 2717 (30%) | 783 (24%) | 100 (43%) | 205 (36%) | 1131 (27%) | 1032 (47%) |
| Used mosquito bite prevention during the night (survey days) | 3636 (39%) | 3464 (39%) | 519 (16%) | 40 (17%) | 126 (22%) | 1544 (36%) | 1509 (68%) |
| Reported noticing mosquito bites (survey days) | 1446 (16%) | 1415 (16%) | 554 (17%) | 27 (12%) | 118 (21%) | 682 (16%) | 298 (13%) |
| . | . | . | Countries with heterogeneous malaria risk (Brazil, India, Peru, Thailand) . | Tanzania . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Overall study . | Overall study with geo-located data . | No malaria risk . | Malaria visits in heterogeneous countries . | Uniformly high risk for malaria . | ||
| High risk | Low risk | Minimal risk | High risk | ||||
| Participantsa | 767 | 734 (96%) | 267 | 13 | 37 | 314 | 215 |
| Female sex | 421 (55%) | 402 (55%) | 139 (52%) | 5 (38%) | 20 (54%) | 180 (57%) | 117 (54%) |
| Age | 34.0 (27.0, 50.0) | 34.0 (27.0, 49.0) | 33.0 (28.0, 47.5) | 42.0 (35.0. 45.0) | 33.0 (28.0, 43.0) | 32.5 (27.0, 48.0) | 37.0 (28.0, 51.0) |
| Planned trip days | 16.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 16.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 18.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 23.0 (21.0, 27.0) | 22.0 (15.0, 25.0) | 19.0 (15.0, 26.8) | 15.0 (12.0, 19.0) |
| Reason for travel | |||||||
| Holiday | 601 (78%) | 573 (78%) | 200 (75%) | 10 (77%) | 31 (84%) | 250 (80%) | 177 (82%) |
| Business | 55 (7%) | 54 (7%) | 27 (10%) | 3 (23%) | 3 (8%) | 19 (6%) | 13 (6%) |
| Volunteering | 28 (4%) | 28 (4%) | 4 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 11 (4%) | 15 (7%) |
| Visiting friends and relatives | 62 (8%) | 59 (8%) | 34 (13%) | 0 | 3 (8%) | 18 (6%) | 7 (3%) |
| Missing | 21 (3%) | 20 (3%) | 2 (0.7%) | 0 | 0 | 16 (5%) | 3 (1%) |
| Total survey daysb | 15 455 | 14 850 | 5179 | 413 | 943 | 7094 | 4060 |
| Total survey days in-countryc | 9276 | 8910 | 3303 | 234 | 564 | 4240 | 2215 |
| Used insect spray for skin (survey days) | 4924 (53%) | 4703 (53%) | 1209 (37%) | 85 (36%) | 258 (46%) | 2314 (55%) | 1450 (65%) |
| Used insecticide for clothing or in the room (survey days) | 2003 (22%) | 1900 (21%) | 382 (12%) | 29 (12%) | 87 (15%) | 865 (20%) | 734 (33%) |
| Used clothing that covered arms and legs (survey days) | 2802 (30%) | 2665 (30%) | 625 (19%) | 87 (37%) | 147 (26%) | 1199 (28%) | 1017 (46%) |
| Used socks or closed-toe shoes (survey days) | 2883 (31%) | 2717 (30%) | 783 (24%) | 100 (43%) | 205 (36%) | 1131 (27%) | 1032 (47%) |
| Used mosquito bite prevention during the night (survey days) | 3636 (39%) | 3464 (39%) | 519 (16%) | 40 (17%) | 126 (22%) | 1544 (36%) | 1509 (68%) |
| Reported noticing mosquito bites (survey days) | 1446 (16%) | 1415 (16%) | 554 (17%) | 27 (12%) | 118 (21%) | 682 (16%) | 298 (13%) |
aParticipants could visit more than one type of risk area; therefore, columns sum up to more than total number of participants
bIncludes entire trip (e.g. participants who visited a high-risk setting could then take malaria post-exposure prophylaxis in a minimal-risk setting, and this would be counted for both). Data from pre-travel were not included.
cIncludes only travel days in the country and not survey days after home.
Characteristics of the entire study population and those that visited malaria-endemic areas [n (%) or median (IQR)]
| . | . | . | Countries with heterogeneous malaria risk (Brazil, India, Peru, Thailand) . | Tanzania . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Overall study . | Overall study with geo-located data . | No malaria risk . | Malaria visits in heterogeneous countries . | Uniformly high risk for malaria . | ||
| High risk | Low risk | Minimal risk | High risk | ||||
| Participantsa | 767 | 734 (96%) | 267 | 13 | 37 | 314 | 215 |
| Female sex | 421 (55%) | 402 (55%) | 139 (52%) | 5 (38%) | 20 (54%) | 180 (57%) | 117 (54%) |
| Age | 34.0 (27.0, 50.0) | 34.0 (27.0, 49.0) | 33.0 (28.0, 47.5) | 42.0 (35.0. 45.0) | 33.0 (28.0, 43.0) | 32.5 (27.0, 48.0) | 37.0 (28.0, 51.0) |
| Planned trip days | 16.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 16.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 18.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 23.0 (21.0, 27.0) | 22.0 (15.0, 25.0) | 19.0 (15.0, 26.8) | 15.0 (12.0, 19.0) |
| Reason for travel | |||||||
| Holiday | 601 (78%) | 573 (78%) | 200 (75%) | 10 (77%) | 31 (84%) | 250 (80%) | 177 (82%) |
| Business | 55 (7%) | 54 (7%) | 27 (10%) | 3 (23%) | 3 (8%) | 19 (6%) | 13 (6%) |
| Volunteering | 28 (4%) | 28 (4%) | 4 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 11 (4%) | 15 (7%) |
| Visiting friends and relatives | 62 (8%) | 59 (8%) | 34 (13%) | 0 | 3 (8%) | 18 (6%) | 7 (3%) |
| Missing | 21 (3%) | 20 (3%) | 2 (0.7%) | 0 | 0 | 16 (5%) | 3 (1%) |
| Total survey daysb | 15 455 | 14 850 | 5179 | 413 | 943 | 7094 | 4060 |
| Total survey days in-countryc | 9276 | 8910 | 3303 | 234 | 564 | 4240 | 2215 |
| Used insect spray for skin (survey days) | 4924 (53%) | 4703 (53%) | 1209 (37%) | 85 (36%) | 258 (46%) | 2314 (55%) | 1450 (65%) |
| Used insecticide for clothing or in the room (survey days) | 2003 (22%) | 1900 (21%) | 382 (12%) | 29 (12%) | 87 (15%) | 865 (20%) | 734 (33%) |
| Used clothing that covered arms and legs (survey days) | 2802 (30%) | 2665 (30%) | 625 (19%) | 87 (37%) | 147 (26%) | 1199 (28%) | 1017 (46%) |
| Used socks or closed-toe shoes (survey days) | 2883 (31%) | 2717 (30%) | 783 (24%) | 100 (43%) | 205 (36%) | 1131 (27%) | 1032 (47%) |
| Used mosquito bite prevention during the night (survey days) | 3636 (39%) | 3464 (39%) | 519 (16%) | 40 (17%) | 126 (22%) | 1544 (36%) | 1509 (68%) |
| Reported noticing mosquito bites (survey days) | 1446 (16%) | 1415 (16%) | 554 (17%) | 27 (12%) | 118 (21%) | 682 (16%) | 298 (13%) |
| . | . | . | Countries with heterogeneous malaria risk (Brazil, India, Peru, Thailand) . | Tanzania . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Overall study . | Overall study with geo-located data . | No malaria risk . | Malaria visits in heterogeneous countries . | Uniformly high risk for malaria . | ||
| High risk | Low risk | Minimal risk | High risk | ||||
| Participantsa | 767 | 734 (96%) | 267 | 13 | 37 | 314 | 215 |
| Female sex | 421 (55%) | 402 (55%) | 139 (52%) | 5 (38%) | 20 (54%) | 180 (57%) | 117 (54%) |
| Age | 34.0 (27.0, 50.0) | 34.0 (27.0, 49.0) | 33.0 (28.0, 47.5) | 42.0 (35.0. 45.0) | 33.0 (28.0, 43.0) | 32.5 (27.0, 48.0) | 37.0 (28.0, 51.0) |
| Planned trip days | 16.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 16.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 18.0 (14.0, 23.0) | 23.0 (21.0, 27.0) | 22.0 (15.0, 25.0) | 19.0 (15.0, 26.8) | 15.0 (12.0, 19.0) |
| Reason for travel | |||||||
| Holiday | 601 (78%) | 573 (78%) | 200 (75%) | 10 (77%) | 31 (84%) | 250 (80%) | 177 (82%) |
| Business | 55 (7%) | 54 (7%) | 27 (10%) | 3 (23%) | 3 (8%) | 19 (6%) | 13 (6%) |
| Volunteering | 28 (4%) | 28 (4%) | 4 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 11 (4%) | 15 (7%) |
| Visiting friends and relatives | 62 (8%) | 59 (8%) | 34 (13%) | 0 | 3 (8%) | 18 (6%) | 7 (3%) |
| Missing | 21 (3%) | 20 (3%) | 2 (0.7%) | 0 | 0 | 16 (5%) | 3 (1%) |
| Total survey daysb | 15 455 | 14 850 | 5179 | 413 | 943 | 7094 | 4060 |
| Total survey days in-countryc | 9276 | 8910 | 3303 | 234 | 564 | 4240 | 2215 |
| Used insect spray for skin (survey days) | 4924 (53%) | 4703 (53%) | 1209 (37%) | 85 (36%) | 258 (46%) | 2314 (55%) | 1450 (65%) |
| Used insecticide for clothing or in the room (survey days) | 2003 (22%) | 1900 (21%) | 382 (12%) | 29 (12%) | 87 (15%) | 865 (20%) | 734 (33%) |
| Used clothing that covered arms and legs (survey days) | 2802 (30%) | 2665 (30%) | 625 (19%) | 87 (37%) | 147 (26%) | 1199 (28%) | 1017 (46%) |
| Used socks or closed-toe shoes (survey days) | 2883 (31%) | 2717 (30%) | 783 (24%) | 100 (43%) | 205 (36%) | 1131 (27%) | 1032 (47%) |
| Used mosquito bite prevention during the night (survey days) | 3636 (39%) | 3464 (39%) | 519 (16%) | 40 (17%) | 126 (22%) | 1544 (36%) | 1509 (68%) |
| Reported noticing mosquito bites (survey days) | 1446 (16%) | 1415 (16%) | 554 (17%) | 27 (12%) | 118 (21%) | 682 (16%) | 298 (13%) |
aParticipants could visit more than one type of risk area; therefore, columns sum up to more than total number of participants
bIncludes entire trip (e.g. participants who visited a high-risk setting could then take malaria post-exposure prophylaxis in a minimal-risk setting, and this would be counted for both). Data from pre-travel were not included.
cIncludes only travel days in the country and not survey days after home.
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